"General Sherman" - guru muti munyika. sequoia

Sequoia - mumwe wemiti kupfuura panyika. Negore Jurassic uye Cretaceous nguva, zvakanga zvakajairika muEurope Asia, asi zvino akachengetedzwa chete mumakomo California uye Southern Oregon. Izvi kakasaririra miriwo pre-Ice Age, vaigona kunzi mupenyu zvisaririra.

Features

Sequoia (Sequoia, nemapoka muti), mazita Iroquois mukuru, akanga asingazivikanwi zvachose vokuEurope kusvikira 1850. A matanda okunamata nawo, hofori miti netsaona akawana wokuEngland Lobb.

MaIndia akadana sequoias "masango vanababa." Izvi zvine musoro, sezvinotaurwa muti kwete chete kusvika kukwirira 100-120 metres, asi vararame zvinoshamisa refu nguva. The wegore zvindori mukuru wavo, iwo wakawanikwa kuti vanogona kusvika makore 3,000.

Sequoia ndohwaJehovha mhuri Taxodiaceae (gymnosperms Division). Uyu coniferous muti pamwe akasvibirira mashizha. Kunyange akanaka uye gobvu huni aikosha, zvingangoita kushandiswa kwayo muna upfumi iri diki nemhaka yokunyanyisa kushomeka kwezvakanyorwa redwoods. Asi, zviri kushandiswa kushongedza. Planting rwehofori izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kuCaucasus uye yokumaodzanyemba Crimea.

Sequoia uye Giant Sequoia?

Kunyange zvazvo miti iyi akafanana chaizvo, pane misiyano pakati pavo.

Redwoods kukura kuchamhembe California pamusoro yakatetepa pedyo nemhenderekedzo zviuno. Kwavari, yakanaka nyorovera okunze vanoramba bvungapfunga. A sequoia inowanikwa iri kumadokero mujinga Sierra Nevada (akasvibira padaro rinenge 1.5-2 km). Sequoia pasikweya varege kudza kana nyorova. For rashes mbeu vanoda yakaoma inopisa ekunze.

Forest moto, ngozi zvipenyu zvose, nokuti miti iyi unogona kuridza basa kubereka uye ikure tiwedzere. Pasikweya nokupisa zvinoratidzwa, uye mbeu inowira pasi, nechekare akasununguka nemasora. miti vakura avo nemakwati simba kubva moto haana zvakawanda sezvo dzimwe zvirimwa. Uye Upfu yekare yakakura Sequoia anogona iine kusvika 8000 litres mvura.

Hofori idzi yakarova kukwirira kwayo. Vanoti vamwe zvamarudzi Eucalyptus nokuda wenyaya chirefu kupfuura miti. Sequoia shoma pfupi iri-mutinhimira zana urefu, asi ivo kutungamirira vachishamiswa ukobvu kwayo, izvo rinosvika zvinopfuura 10 m. Kwete pasina chikonzero dzinonzi yakakura.

Somuenzaniso, Sequoia "General Sherman" ane hunde sekamufarenzi dzinopfuura 35 m. Kuti kutyaira denderedzwa kumativi hofori ichi, zvaizotora vanhu vanopfuura 25! muti uyu anonzi guru munyika kubva 1931.

Kumiti mikuru inonzi sequoia - centenarians. Pakutanga mashoko XX remakore vakabayiwa pasi nokuda zvinokosha matanda. zera miti akafunga nokuda kukura mezvindori zvaiva stumps. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti vamwe vavo vakanga akararama kwemakore anenge 3 zviuru zvemakore! Vakakurira panguva apo chete vaIjipiti vakatanga kuvaka yakakurumbira mapiramidhi.

Sequoia mapazi uye nhaka simba chaizvo midzi. Kuhukura rine zvinhu dzinga nemakwati zvipembenene uye dzimwe zvipukanana. By notumwe uye lichens vanewo kudzivirira nemakemikari.

General Sherman Tree

In California (USA) akasimbisa National Park "Sequoia". Its chikuru chikamu - a "Forest Hofori" - Grove miti pakukura panyika. Zvinenge zvose Somuenzaniso ane zita wayo. Pakati yakakurumbira General Sherman muti. It kunoshamisa. Sequoia "General Sherman" - guru muti munyika. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zera rake makore 2300-2700. Urefu haisi chokupedzisira chaanopa miti -. 84 metres "chete", asi bhuku vaRafa, vanoumba vangasvika 1,500 cubic metres, uye anoyera matani anenge 2,500 zvinoita kupfuura chipenyu panyika.

Uye ichi hachisi muganhu, nokuti redwoods kukura hwose. Uye vanofa yokukwegura pane zvakawanda sei zvayo yakakura ukuru. Kunouya nguva apo muti hunde haachagoni kuchengeta uremu kukuru. Iye chete anotanga. A "General Sherman" kuramba richikura, kuwedzera dhayamita kwayo pagore kweinenge hafu sendimita. Pari, ndiye zvinopfuura 11.1 M!

muti guru kwakadaro chinokwezva chaizvo pfungwa vashanyi. National Park "Sequoia" gore rimwe nerimwe riri akashanyira nemakumi ezviuru zvevanhu vanoda kuona chishamiso ichi zvenyika, kuti mufananidzo pedyo navo.

Anonzi ari kukudzwa gamba

General Sherman, yainzi chokuremekedza muti - US National gamba. Panguva Civil War, ainakidzwa kunyange yakakurumbira kupfuura General Grant. The inozivikanwa zvikuru kushanda pasi utungamiriri Sherman rakanga kurwira muAtlanta, pashure akabvuma kupa of Confederate Army, rinotungamirirwa Johnston. Muna 1869, akatsiva General Grant somusoro US mauto mukuru mukuru.

Muna 1879, zvakasikwa James Wolverton Township, panguva Civil War akashanda hondo Sherman refuteneti, yainzi kukuru muti muzita anodiwa wehondo.

Sezvineiwo, chechipiri pakukura munyika anonzi Sequoia "General Grant".

Park zvinokwezva

Kunze "Giant Forest" vashanyi vari nokukwezvwa mugero-cherogi. Muna 1937, mugwagwa mupaki rawa sequoia, ichivharira nzira motokari. Kuwanazve nzira Park vashandi dzakamanikidzwa vaiguranye mugero makubhiti 5 m uye kukwirira vanenge 2.5 m. Wood vakasarudza kuchenesa, uye yakava mumwe mukuru zvinokwezva.

In pakati paka pane girenayiti chikomo Moro Rock, pamusoro izvo manera. Pamusoro yakaisvonaka maonero yose "vavaRefaimu dondo." Kwezva navo nemapako dzakawanda. Zvisinei, vari akavharwa kuruzhinji, kunze chete.

Beautiful paka uye yakakura miti zvava pangozi. Kuramba okupedzisira makore kwemvura muna California akaita dzakawanda moto, zvisingagone kukunda kunyange redwoods simba kupfuura. Kushayikwa mwando muvhu KUNOTADZISA kuti chidzoke muduku awo. Zvinosuruvarisa centenarians izvi zvinogona inonyangarika pachiso Pasi.