Rod nemunharaunda

Rod uye vemunharaunda

Chinyakare vanhu kwezviuru zvemakore raiva chidukuduku mapoka. Community (boka) pachikuva archanthropines kune neolithic nguva asingadi pakuwanda vanhu 20 kusvika 30. ruzivo, Zvisinei, zviripo; Munenge haaratidzi dzomunyika maumbirwo mumapoka aya vavo ukama. Chete ethnologists, vachichengeta upenyu chinyakare nzanga dzazvino, kujekesa nyaya iyi ..
Rod - mumwe chikuru dzakatanga chinyakare muvanhu. Kunyange XIX remakore. kuti vanodzidza nezvavanhu vokutanga basa Fani iyi vakaona uye akamupa masayendisiti tsanangudzo Mr. L. Morgan. Maererano nerondedzero yake, izvo kazhinji anoramba ukoshi hwayo saka kure, rudzi - chikwata vanhu vaitungamirira madzinza avo kubva kuzitateguru (chaiye kana ngano) mbiri mitsetse - varume (kubva baba vana) kana hadzi (mai vana); . Chakanangana genus - exogamy, kureva, kurambidza kuroorana nhengo yavo mhando; nhengo dzose genus vanosungirwa kubatsirana mumwe uye zvakaoma kutsiva nokuda rufu kana kukuvadzwa hama dzavo, vanhu vaibva kune dzimwe genera; Nhengo genus vakabatana somunhu kanosvota yechitendero, chikuru chinhu chinonamatwa umo kazhinji anoita tateguru; tateguru kazhinji anova chiratidzo chinoyera dzedzinza kubatana (totem), zita ane nhengo vanozviti mhando (-Iroquois maIndia - "vanhu gondo", "vanhu nenjiva," nezvimwewo ...). Mumwe zvinhu dzokumaruwa sangano - munhangemutange zvizere haungatongogoni kurarama chete chikwata. Izvi imhaka yokuti maererano netsika exogamy vasikana nevakomana kwerudzii kumanikidzwa kuroorwa nevakomana mhando. Kana genus virilokalen (kuroorana rinopedza muchikwata Chikomba), ipapo boka rakadaro kunodiwa rigare madzimai varume vakabva vamwe nomutsa, uye nehanzvadzi uye vakunda varume vanoenda kune mamwe mapoka. Kana rudzi uksorilokalen (kuroorana yogara chikwata nomwenga wacho), nekusiyana, jaya form vanosiya chikwata, apo ivo rodilis.Vse izvozvo kwakunoitwa kunyanya kukosha kuti Chiitiko ose chinyakare upenyu, sesangano, t. E. Boka vanhu vakabatana kwete chete nedzinza, asiwo nharaunda dzokugara, uye ukama hwevakaroorana.
Munharaunda afanane kugadzirwa chikwata, ane nhengo kushanda pamwe chete uye upise zvibereko basa ravo nemhaka nheyo vakaenzana, zvisinei worudzi chavanopinda. Mukati munharaunda kungova genus inokosha mukunamata (vatorwa kuti kakawanda havabvumirwi), vakazotevera kuvakuru kana mutungamiriri chinzvimbo. Generic kutaurirana nguva dzose kuenda mhiri munharaunda.
Kungova genus maternally zvakafanana nokuda Paunotanga prehistory. Saka zvaifungwa kusvikira tichishandisa ichangopfuura, uye aishamwaridzana chikuru basa munhambo ichi pavakadzi munharaunda ( "matriarchy" simba mai) .Etnologicheskie ruzivo pamusoro chinyakare marudzi ose makondinendi Pasi haritsigiri maonero ichi, uye sayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo, maererano pezvawakaita, handigoni kupa zvakananga uchapupu yakarurama kana oshibochnosti.Otmechennye ayo zviratidzo rudzi uye hunhu waro pamwe munharaunda chete misimboti mukuru zvinobva yakakura ethnological zvinhu. Tingatoti sainzi anoziva guru siyana mhando zvaiita-yemadzinza organizatsii.Razlichiya pakati izvi mhando nguva nenzendo: Kune vanhu kuti vamire pamuviri pachikuva, iro munharaunda, kusanganisira anopfuura 15 vanhu, kufanana ne nyore ukama (consanguine vemunharaunda) pasina nevamwe chinhu rwonzi kwavakaberekerwa. Kazhinji vavhimi chinyakare uye vaunganidzi, kurarama akaoma ezvinhu Tropical rainforest (nambikvara Amazon, ari kuutio chacho kuna Sumatra, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Anozikamwa kuna vanhu, nharaunda, yamakaramba (Papuans) imwe mhando, nepo mamwe yepamusoro madzinza (maIndia North .Ameriki, vokuMelanesia) munharaunda kazhinji chinosanganisira anoverengeka Generic mapoka yakaenzana (heterogeneous munharaunda).

Nokuti vazhinji nzvimbo chitsuwa reNew Guinea, nevakabva Papuans, dzinoratidzwa dzedzinza vemunharaunda, ane nhamba Kashoma pfuura vanhu 100. Munharaunda dzakadaro, unogona nguva dzose kuwana Mapato matatu chikuru vanhu: 1) Varume imwe mhando * vanoumba chinoumba munharaunda kuti aparadzane nevamwe, kunyanya imba varume vake; 2) vanamai vavo navakadzi, kurarama mumhuri mumatumba nevana vavo; anomiririra vamwe genera vakasvika chokuita muchato dzimwe nzvimbo; 3) hanzvadzi uye vanasikana vevanhu vari vagari venguva duku, sezvo tichikufunga ichapiwa kure mumuchato uye kusiya misha. Male munharaunda anoita zvikuru basa-nyanyisa akavhiyiwa kuti kuparadzwa nemapindu kuti dzinopisa zvirimwa: yams, Taro, inotapira mbatatisi. Cohesive mapoka vari dzedzinza kuziva, zvakafanana rechitendero chitendero. izvi zvose rinosiyanisa zvikuru pakati varume nevakadzi (mune dzimwe nzvimbo ivo kunyange kutaura mitauro yakasiyana).
Papuan dzedzinza munharaunda, chokwadi, iri yoga rudzi yayo mutauro, tsika uye tsika. Kazhinji zita vanhu, munharaunda anoshandura se "isu vanhu", iro rinoratidza kutenda kuti pedyo yakafanana mapoka, kusanganisira madzimai avo, havasi vanhu.