Mazita okuremekedza kwamachinda muFrance: tsananguro, nhoroondo uye akanyatsorongwa

On kunharaunda France sezvo Middle Ages uye 1871 paiva chete mamiriro ezvinhu umo madzishe vakakamurwa muzvikamu akawanda. Noble mazita avo akanyatsorongwa riri zvikuru nhasi. Izvi hazvishamisi, sezvo vamiririri vakakwirira uye vavo vanongogara pasi nekushandiswa venhau, pamwe anoratidza mabhizimisi nyeredzi uye enyika vakakurumbira.

akanyatsorongwa

Musoro French wehurumende mambo Ages. Panguva inotevera pamwero vakuru vakuru vaiva suzerains - Nemachinda uye makuru calculators vaiva vatongi mukuru chaicho nharaunda. Zvisinei, simba ravo Pasi aiva anenge akaenzana yamambo. Zvino varidzi nzvimbo, benefices kana minda rakapa basa, uye fiefs, akapa basa uye zvokugarwa nhaka. Makurukota aya aiva mazita akasiyana. Zvinofadza kuti chero feudal ishe aigona kuva suzerain, uye muridzi nzvimbo uye benefice panguva imwe chete.

Le Roi (King)

Sezvambotaurwa, ndicho mukuru wenyaya kwamachinda Ages France. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana nguva yokuisira vakanga vachinzwisisa mukuru kana muduku simba. The chepamusorosoro Simba French madzimambo akanga ari nguva absolutism, kunyanya panguva yaitonga Louis XIV.

Le Duce (Duke)

Harisi kumusoro korona musoro muumambo French, iro rakashandurirwa Russian se "Duke." Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakanga pakutanga akasarudzwa mukuru worudzi, uye akaonekwa Carolingian nguva, apo French, kuItaly uye vokuGermany vaiva pasi pamambo. Panguva paumbwe nokuwedzera vechiFrank wehurumende weGermany Nemachinda akatendeukira vamambo vanhu vakateerera calculators - vatongi wacho nzvimbo.

Le Marquis (awnings)

okuremekedza aya kwamachinda muFrance kungoitika pasi Charlemagne. zita ravo rinobva zita kumuganhu administrative chikwata - the muchiso. Izvi imhaka yokuti Marquis aiva mubati nzvimbo youmambo.

Le Comte (Count)

Saka rakatumidzwa muranda wamambo aiva nesimba kudzora imwe ndima uye kuratidza mashandiro anoita dzeutongi. Akanga achitevera ari vakuru mushure Marquis vanokudzwa okuremekedza uye anenge chete-handedly, kunze mibvunzo mishomanana, akatonga County ake. Nenzira, shoko comte ainzi "dzematunhu wavarwi", chichiratidza nzvimbo muchiuto kuti.

Le Vicomte (Viscount)

Mazita okuremekedza kwamachinda kuFrance vakapfuura. Panguva dzakasiyana kuti ichi chiito mitemo yakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, musoro viscount, iyo iri nguva yokutanga girafu anomirira substituent, uye gare gare aipfeka muduku munhurume venhaka Marquis uye calculators, uyewo vana vavo.

Le Baron (Baron)

Mazita okuremekedza kwamachinda muFrance vaibudirira vakawanda. akanyatsorongwa yavo Rinowanikwawo uye kubuda Baron. Saka akadana feudal madzishe vane soumambo hwavo pachavo, izvo, kuva vatongi vari pasi pamambo zvakananga, vakazviitira mambo wavo pachavo nyaya. In France, zita iri raiva mumwe ishoma.

Le Chevalier (Chevalier)

Mazita okuremekedza kwamachinda muFrance vaimiririra zviya mukirasi iyi, vakanga vasina pachavo soumambo hwavo. Ivo wevashumiri hondo uye chakaita kuti vakawanda chivalry. Shoko "Chevalier" zvinoreva mutasvi akapakata zvombo. In Western Europe accolade raireva kubvuma muchiuto kuti overlord ravo. Nokuti kuvimbika Chevalier kubva Mr nhaka fief uye benefices upenyu.

monsieur De

Junior anokudzwa rokuremekedza yekare muFrance - equier (ekyuye). Ivo vakasarudza mumwe squire, uye chaizvoizvo rinoreva "zvipfeko". Uyezve, dzinonzi kuzvimirira vanokudzwa vana pachavo, vasingagoni pa uye kushongedza pachavo. squire basa raiva chete nzira yokuti Chevalier kuhwina kodzero dzavo fief kana benefice. Zvisinei, chikamu squires, nokuti chero nezvikonzero, haana kuzadzisa zvinodiwa uye akaramba chete Monsieur of (zita). Nokufamba kwenguva, kirasi iyi akabatanidzwa pamwechete Chevalier.

nhaka rokuremekedza

In France kuMiddle Ages, rinopa pokutanga kurudyi dangwe. Izvi zvaireva kuti musoro mwanakomana wedangwe nhaka muridzi wake. Panyaya iyi, mwanasikana akaberekwa asati kushanyira mhuri mukomana wacho akanga kunyimwa kodzero iyi.

Kunyange zvazvo baba vake achiri mupenyu, mwanakomana akagamuchira Yaunoti wokuremekedza rokuremekedza kudzika paukuru pane mubereki. Somuenzaniso, mugari wenhaka kuna Duke akazova Marquis. Panguva iyoyowo, apo anofunga nzvimbo imwe jendurumani mune vakuru vakuru pakati vakakwirira French, kusarudza nzvimbo yaro rakatorwa sehwaro ezita yababa vake. Nemamwe mashoko, girafu ndiye mwanakomana Duke, zvakanga kupfuura "vamwe", uyo baba aiva Marquis.

Kazhinji inonyanya vakakwirira aiva mazita akawanda, zvakasara mumhuri, saka dzimwe nguva vana vavo vaifanira kutsiva hama dzavo vakuru rufu. Somuenzaniso, kana ari mwanakomana akava Duke pashure sekuru vake rufu, akatora nzvimbo yake muzukuru Count vake.

Vakadzi mazita

A zita kwamachinda muFrance uye England anowanzoshandurwa kuburikidza murume mutsetse. Sezvo vakadzi, vanova varidzi dzavo munzira mbiri. Tsanangudzo yokutanga ndiyo - chiri muchato, uye wechipiri - kuwana kubva baba vake. Mukupera nyaya, zvakanga zvakare zita wokuremekedza, iyo akapa mudzimai asina ropafadzo. Zvakasiyana apo mumwe mukadzi anova Somuenzaniso, imwe Duchess wanano chete Duke. Izvi zvaireva kuti zvakanzi yakapiwa musi iwoyo hierarchical pamwero sezvo murume, uye pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda zvose, kusanganisira varume vaimutevera. Uyezve, Somuenzaniso, vaviri pasi Marquis ndiye aiva murume aiva noruremekedzo musoro uye haana nhaka pashure vake nomubereki.

Panguva iyoyo muFrance akaita vakazotevera Salic Law, maererano izvo vakadzi vaisagona nhaka mirawo mhuri madunhurirwa, kureva mwanasikana Duke haana kuva Duchess, kunyange kana baba vake vakanga vasina varume venhaka.

Yakakurumbira revatongi nedzimba France

• House of Montmorency.

The genus rave richizivikanwa kubvira rechi10 remakore uye akapa konisitebhuru kweFrance, 6, 12 achaunganidza, mufundisi, vanoverengeka admirals, uyewo vanatenzi-siyana knightly varayirwa, uye vazhinji vanozivikanwa voruzhinji.

Wokutanga mumhuri vakagamuchira ducal rokuti muna 1551 raiva Anne of Montmorency.

• House d'Albret.

imba iyi sezvarwakasvikira chaizvo pamusoro vakuru vakuru, kuva wamambo muNavarre. Uyezve, mumwe wevamiriri vayo (John d'Albret) akaroorwa Duke Vendomskogo. In muchato uyu akaberekwa remangwana Mambo yeNavarre kutanga, zvino France uye Henry IV.

• House Artois.

The dunhu nezita chete kuMiddle Ages kakawanda akava pfupa kukakavara. Uyezve, mumwe shoma nhaka iyo akaenda zvinopesana Salic Law. Zvakazova chikamu County pakati Burgundy. Muna 1482, musoro venyika vakaenda Habsburgs. Zvisinei, muna a1659 yakadzoka pasi protectorate French uye akanga yavose sezvavakatarirwa ari County. Panyaya iyi, varidzi akagamuchira peerage wokuFrance, uye gare gare imwe nhengo genus ichi chaiva Mambo France Charles rechipfumbamwe.

• Prince of Conde.

Izvi kadheti bazi Mhuri French youmambo akaita basa rinokosha munzanga uye enyika upenyu umambo kusvikira Kutsakatika yavo 1830. Munhau yacho, mhuri iyi rave kwakauraya choumambo uye chaibatanidzwa siyana nezviitiko.

• mhuri Lusignan.

Rod anozivikanwa nokuti kumwezve simba rayo kure mhiri France. Vamiririri Its muzana remakore rechi12 somugumisiro dynastic dzimba vakava vabati Cyprus uye neJerusarema, uye muzana remakore rechi13 rakava madzimambo Kirikia of Armenian umambo uye hugota rokuSiriya. Pamusana kwavari, vakuru vakuru pakati nevaitonga France okuremekedza uye zvishoma hwakatamisirwa hurumende.

• Imba Valois-Anjou.

Vamiririri genus vaiva madzimambo Naples uye mumwe mapazi Capetian yekare. Muna 1328, mutauriri wavo Philippe wechitanhatu vakauya choumambo France. Akagamuchira ake haana nhaka, asi nekuda kwekushaikwa kwevarume vaizotora yake - mambo France. Hwedzinza akatonga anopfuura 2 emakore kusvikira choumambo haisi akapfuura Henry IV.

Zvino imi munoziva vangani kwevari vakuru vakuru vakaparadzana vanhuwo wamambo uye murume akabata soro nevaitonga France rokuremekedza, Britain kana dzimwe nyika dzokuMadokero European. Nhasi, vakawanda vavo, vaya nhaka zita guru chete kurarama kufanana vanhuwo zvavo uye chete kashoma rangarirai madzitateguru avo kusvitsa ropa ravo mutema.