Anthropological pfuma yose Feuerbach pamusoro musimboti murume uye chitendero

Lyudvig Feyerbah akaberekerwa gweta mhuri. Pandaidzidza panguva zvouMwari rorusununguko wepaYunivhesiti Heidelberg, akauya pasi pokudzora Hegel uye akanyoresa paYunivhesiti Berlin rorusununguko Philosophy. Asi mugumo wake zvokuti iye akata- kushushikana - muna Hegel kuti uzivi, uye upenyu "yakabudirira". Kusvikira rufu rwake, iye aigara mumusha. mabasa ake makuru akanyora ikoko - "nekuongorora kuti Hegel kuti Uzivi", "Essence chechiKristu", "Principles of Uzivi Nezveramangwana" - vari kuvaka nheyo uzivi itsva, iyo inozivikanwa sechinhu anthropological pfuma.

An chinokosha ichi uzivi ndiko nekuongorora kuti idealism. Feuerbach anodana dzenhoroondo German uzivi idealist, nokuti kuedza kuunza kunze nyika kufunga. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuna pakudzorwa kuti dzidziso, alerting zvechitendero nenzira kwouzivi pamusoro, kuti rudzi "yakagozha chitendero." Simply, kana kwakajairika zvechitendero kudzora Theism - kudavira muna Mwari pachake, uzivi German - rekuremekedza Mweya kuzvizivawo njere. Anthropological pfuma yose Feuerbach anoramba Hegel kuti dialectic, sezvinoita mhando gakava umo chokwadi akarasika. Uzivi idzva kukunda muuzivi Hegel, vari kubatana sayenzi dzinongoitika kuti kunzwisisa chaiye, pane zvekufungidzira yaibvira murume. Uyezve, achimutsa mubvunzo kuti musimboti murume, nokuti kubatana yokuva uye kufunga chete kuti pfungwa munhu, nokuti murume ndiye kubatana pakunamata uye venyama fuma, uye ayo chaizvoizvo - iri ruzivo, mu utere.

Anthropological muuzivi Feuerbach kuti maitiro ane sayenzi zvakasikwa. Dzidziso dzake dzose zvapararira anthropologism. Nature nokuti Feuerbach fanana nyaya. Hazvina nokusingaperi uye yakasiyana-siyana, isingaperi, chinjwa, anofananidzira nzvimbo uye nguva. Ndicho chete chokwadi - hazvina. Man, sezvo rinopedzisa hunhu - hazvina zvishoma pane munhu, uye pamusoro payo. "The rweMashiri zvakasikwa uye murume rine zvose zvakavanzika uzivi" - muzivi anoti. The siyana nemanzwiro evanhu zvinoratidza kusiyana hwezvisikwa. Knowledge zvinogoneka inobvuma utere.

Pfungwa regai kutinyengedza, uye havasi zvachero - ndivo zvakakwanira kuziva zvose zvakavapo. Manzwiro vari pasi rose - ivo vakafunga uye akafunga - manzwiro. Anthropological pfuma yose Feuerbach anokwirira yokuti mafungiro kunobva utere uye anotsigira nayo: ". Manzwiro patinoverenga bhuku zvakasikwa, asi isu kunzwisisa mafungiro ake" Saka, kufunga kunokosha chete kutsvaka zvinoreva zvinhu zvakavanzika. Zvisinei, kushandiswa chaikwo, mune mashoko uzivi, mafungiro kwemhando iyi hakusi, uye hakufaniri - muitiro inimical zvose uzivi uye manzwiro, zviri wakasviba uye zvokutengeserana.

Kusiyana ano idzidziso havatendi kuti Mwari ariko, anthropological pfuma yose Feuerbach anoona chitendero kwete vapid hype - nayo asimukapo nokutya uye matambudziko chinyakare murume, uyewo kubva yokusafa kwevanhu chido nokuda pakukwana. "Mwari, - rinogumisa Feuerbach - ndizvozvo vanhu vanoda kuva." Naizvozvo, musimboti wechitendero - mumwoyo yavanhu. Development chitendero runoenzanirana padanho dzakaitika kukura. Kana murume akanga zvachose runotsamira zvakasikwa, chitendero aiva dzinongoitika, uye kana munhu akasika yakanaka uye akamuisa parutivi pachake, kunamata tiivistelmä murume - chitendero akava pakunamata. Izvi runoratidzwa pfungwa dzakadaro zvechitendero, zvakadai soUtatu, izvo zvamazvirokwazvo chiratidzo mhuri.

Anthropological pfuma yose Feuerbach anounza musimboti chiKristu zvavo uye manzwiro rudo dzechitendero. Chinetso chitendero chiri haungambofari yakanaka - zvinoreva kuti kana yakanaka chaitwa, chitendero kuchapera (nokuti munhu haana simba mashura, Zvinoshamisa anonzi). Man nechido kuchiva ake, kupfuura zvose, udyire, uye saka rusununguko munhu - ndiko kuti asike zvinhu kwaari, kana iye anogona kuita zvaanoda. The uchityaira simba kwetsika ndiyo ndaisagona egoism, iyo runoratidzwa zvizere norudo, nokuti unomirira ukama pakati "Ini" uye "imi." Saka, chitendero zvokunamata zvakakodzera, maererano muzivi, kutsiva kapoka dzinongoitika uye rudo munhu. Nokupfupikisa anthropology pamusoro Feuerbach, Shona akamboti kuti "anoda kukandira vanhu mumwe takambundirana, zvisinei chechikadzi uye zera."