San Stefano runyararo chibvumirano - kwekanguva kuchakunda Russian nezvibvumirano

Russian-Turkish hondo 1877-1878. Unonzi chimwe chezvinhu "mberi" uye, chaizvoizvo, akanga kusunungurwa vakawanda necheSalvic nyika muBalkan Peninsula, pasi pokutonga hweOttoman Empire. Kuwedzera zvinangwa izvi vanakidzwe rutsigiro paupamhi pakati zvikamu zvose chavagari wokuRussia Empire, hurumende Tsarist akanga zvarwo kusimbisa simba rayo muBalkans.

San Stefano runyararo chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa musi March 16, 1878 iri eponymous muguta pedyo Constantinople - guta guru Turkey. chibvumirano ichi kwave kuchibatsira chaizvo Russian Empire, nokuti nyika yedu, aneta nokuda uto uye makambani mari maturo achida nokukurumidza formalize zvinobatsira avo yepamutemo kubva kukunda. The hweTurkey akamanikidzwa kubvumirana zvose zvinodiwa Russia uye nemasaini Chibvumirano San Stefano, sezvo Russian-Bulgarian mauto rwaigara yose European muumambo hwacho vaiva pasi guru - Istanbul (Constantinople), uye chete kupindira kunyika dzokuEurope vakanga kuponeswa kubva kwokupedzisira kukundwa.

San Stefano runyararo chibvumirano - dzinokosha ezvinhu:

• chibvumirano akaziva rusununguko yeSerbia, Montenegro uye Romania vakawedzera nharaunda yavo;
• Bosnia and Herzegovina akaumba zvionera nharaunda;
• Chinangwa chikuru hondo yakanga uyewo kubudirira - Bulgarian ndima kubva Danube kusvikira kuGungwa reAegean neGungwa Black kuna Lake Ohrid akanga vakasunungurwa kubva hweTurkey uye akagamuchira rusununguko. Iye aifanira kuva pasi kudzivirira Russia for 3 years, pashure inova zvizere kuzvimiririra, apo ukama dzaro Russia, izvo kare akapa rubatsiro nouchapupu kwaari;
• The Turkish Empire aifanira kubhadhara mupiro 1.4 bhiriyoni, chikamu yaiva achidzorerwezve miganhu zvichemo maguta uye nhare Kars, Ardahan, Bajazet, Batum, Kars, Dobrogea, Danube Delta uye Snake Island (European Russia ceded Romania).
• Russia vanosungirwa hweOttoman Empire kuvandudza basa yeArmenia Albania, nhengo kwayo, uye zvishoma kudzikamisa maruramiro noruremekedzo kuti dzimwe nzvimbo Greece.

Asi yakunda akanga pfupi Russian nezvibvumirano - United Kingdom Hurumende Union yaJehovha kunyika vaisagutsikana nemigumisiro nokuramba Russia munguva yehondo. San Stefano runyararo chibvumirano akapa Russia, Romania uye Bulgaria zvakare, nokuputsa political hwakare uye kuparadzira mauto. England kutya simba Turkey, inova muvengi nekusingaperi Russia, uye nhoo mhando kudzivirira nzira Mediterranean pakamanikana kuti Britain aida kudzora yavo. YeAustria Empire zvine muganhu zvakananga pamwe Russia muna West aitya kusimbisa basa rayo pakati chokuita necheSalvic vanhu vaigara zvakawanda hwacho uye chidzoke yorusununguko hondo muenzaniso kuBulgaria. Wakashanduka-shanduka kechipiri pangozi Russian Crimean War, izvo zviri apera simba inoremadza hondo uye kusagadzikana zvemari, hazvina kugadzirira. naizvozvo musangano iri Berlin Conference zvizere zvakachinja San Stefano runyararo chibvumirano uye ayo mashoko, kuderedza vakawanda ayo points.

Kunyange zvakadaro, Russia yabudirira chikuru chinhu - kusunungurwa muBulgaria uye nokusimbaradza tsika dzayo uye enyika simba muBalkans, kunyange hondo refu zvakakwana ichikanganisa ayo kurwisa kugona, akazunungusa dzemari maitiro nenguva anogogodza kubva mugango-European guru mutambo.

Nhasi Chibvumirano San Stefano Bulgaria vakapemberera sezvo zuva cherusununguko uye ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo mazororo akakurumbira munyika ino.