History of wokusonesa. Interesting zvinhu pamusoro yokusona

Musoro ino - nyaya wokusonesa. Pezvatinotaura apo wokutanga muchina, uye uyo akasikwa. Chimbofunga nyaya kupfuura inozivikanwa pagadzirwe michina yacho kambani - "Singer". Uye tinoedza kuziva apo wokutanga yokusona muRussia.

Matangiro Ayakaita

Nhoroondo yokutanga wokusonesa akatanga panguva chaiyo kana mbuya vedu kure pakutanga akanhonga tsono pfupa. Ona kuti chokushandisa ichi ipapo vakatarira ndangofanana mutsunda, pane imwe tsono. Gare gare iye akazogadzira chirauro kuti threading kuburikidza mumwena chibhakera jira. Uye pashure paizvozvo iyo tsono pamwe eyelet. Uye gomba rwebhuruu kwakaitwa panguva chaipo pasi tsono sepanyika michina ano.

Zvisinei, zviri wokusonesa yakati yakabuda chete muzana remakore rechi14 zviri Holland. Panguva ino, zvichiita usimbe musangano wokutanga vakapakata mavhiri michina, izvo muchikuya refu kanivhasi mifananidzo. Kusvikira isu, zvinosuruvarisa haana kusvika zita muvambi zvakagadzirwa ichi. Zvisinei, zvinozivikanwa kuti zvivako izvi zvakanga huru kwazvo uye anotora nzvimbo yakakura. Dutch muchina zvikuru sezvinoita kusona ano.

Wokutanga purojekiti

Kwete pasina kutora chikamu Leonardo da Vinci kwakaita nhoroondo wokusonesa. Grade 5 ( "Technology" - sechikamu nyaya ichaongororwa musoro wenyaya), nokudzidza nhoroondo, maererano zvezvaidzidziswa itsva, uye inosanganisira pakusikwa midziyo yemagetsi. Panyaya iyi, vana vachava kufarira kuziva kuti nekubatwa ari wokusonesa yaipiwa Leonardo da Vinci muzana remakore rechi15 rokutanga. Zvisinei, pfungwa musayendisiti mukuru asina rakatangwa.

Yakanga chete muna 1755 Carl Veyzental kuwana bvumidzwa nokuda michina yacho wokusonesa kuti kudzokororwa ari stitches chinoitwa noruoko. Muna 1790 St. Thomas akasika muchina akagadzirirwa kusona majombo. Ipapo akasika yayo wakanaka wokusonesa B. naTimoni. Zvisinei, nzira iyi havana rinoparadzirwa.

Yakanga chete pakutanga 1845 Ellias Hou tega gadzirirwa kuti chaizvoizvo aiva akakodzera kusona, kunyange, uye akanga wandei zvainovhiringidzawo.

The pakuonekwa rokutanga nguvo fekitari

Kuramba nhoroondo wokusonesa. Grade 5, muchidimbu Aingoziva mashoko pamusoro apa, zvimwe kufarira chokwadi kuti chokutanga wokusonesa, zvakawanda kana zvishoma akafanana ano, akazviratidza muzana remakore rechi18.

-Ataurwa pamusoro zvose kuvamba yacho, chete Chinyorwa kusona patsva uye anogona kusona mumwe chete neshinda. Panyaya iyi, chinokosha akasungwa kuva vakarurama chinzvimbo, uye suture zviri kumbonyanya nyore kukurumidza. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kutadzisa Barthélemy Thimonnier muna 1830 akava muvambi rokutanga zvoga kusona fekitari, yakanga vakapakata wokutanga mashandiro kukwana chaizvo izvi.

History of Singer wokusonesa

Zvakangotanga vakatanga vari musangano duku kushandisa yokugadzirisa yokusona. Pano yaaishandira Isaac Singer, kuzvipira akadzidzisa injiniya. Rimwe zuva, apo aifanira kugadzira imwe chakaremara Unit, akaudza tenzi wake kuti angadai kubuda chinhu nani pane kuramba achiuya foni unusable. Muridzi havana kumutenda. Ipapo Singer akatora $ 40 kubva shamwari uye akavaka mutsva wokusonesa. At basa zvakatora chaizvo 11 mazuva.

mudziyo Izvi zvinobvumira kuti uite chete yakarurama vazvo, uye zvaunoda. Panyaya iyi, chinokosha wakanamatira countertop ane "paw" chaiyo, uye mashandiro yakanga dzinofambiswa ne mukana rutsoka chitiviri kuti inosunungura maoko anosona zvipfeko uye akabvumira kuti ikwane uye kutungamirira jira. Zvisinei, Singer haana kugumira ipapo, kuramba kuvandudza kuvamba ake.

Marketing Singer

Tinogona kutaura kuti ndizvo chete Singer anotanga nhoroondo chaiye wokusonesa. Muchidimbu pamusoro zvemashoko murume uyu, zvakakodzera kutaura chokwadi kuti chikwereti kubudirira kwake kwete chete Engineering unyanzvi, asi yokutengesa sarudzo dzavo. Somuenzaniso, Singer akakurumidza akaziva kuti vakadzi vatengi yayo huru zvigadzirwa - vakadzi. Magazini haripo, asi zvose zvakanaka pabonde zvakanyatsorongwa kuchechi. Ipapo Singer akatanga kupa mabhurocha michina yavo vezvitendero.

History of wokusonesa, kuwedzera ose apa, atova zvinosanganisira mumwe chokwadi chinoshamisa. Rakanga wokutanga Singer wokusonesa mugadziri, izvo akafunga kutengesa aparadzane kubva zviumbu tsitsi pagondobwe igadziridzwe. Uyezve, chiitiko ichi anganzi muenzaniso wokutanga munhau "pashure-rokutengesa" basa.

zera 19-20

Panguva ino nhoroondo wokusonesa, ungati, runosvika pakakwirira. Chokwadi kuti zvakanga mukupera rechi19 uye rose remakore rechi20 yokusona vava kusimba dzakakurumbira. Ivo kutenga nokutengesa makuru zvakawanda.

Kune zvose makambani matsva uye zvitsva kuti pagadzirwe vezvikwata izvi, somuenzaniso: Verits, Pfaff, Kaizer nevamwe. Kunyange zvakadaro, boka "Singer" ndiyo nyika mutungamiri rokutengesa Michini.

Russia

Uye zvinosanganisira nechitarisiko pamusoro Russian musika nhoroondo wokusonesa. Grade 5, vadzidzi vari kutotanga tinyatsoziva nhoroondo, vanofanira kuziva kuti kana motokari yokutanga yakatanga kuonekwa munyika yedu.

Kokutanga muna 1866, imwe fekitari kuti kugadzirwa yokusona yakavhurwa Russia. Its muvambi aiva Robert Goetz, uye rakanga riri kuSt Petersburg. Gare gare kugadzirwa ichi rakawedzerwa Leon Kasteleyon, nokugadzirisa kugadzirwa-siyana michina.

Mumakore aya, yokusona kuva kusimba dzakakurumbira - ivo vanonzi zvipo zvakanakisisa uye roora.

"Singer" muna Russian

Kwete pasina kambani "Singer" uye nhoroondo Russian pamusoro wokusonesa. 5 kirasi vanofanira hazvo kuva kufarira mashoko akadaro.

Saka, muna 1902, yakanga yakavakwa muna Podolsk fekitari pamusoro zingerovskih michina. Nenzira, kunoshanda nhasi. Pakutanga, boka inoshandisa kuzvitoro zvakawanda duku, kuungana muchina. Zvisinei, gare gare, kuti fekitari akaita rakawedzerwa, saka kuti akanga 65 Mahofisi siyana dziri munyika. Panguva iyoyo pamwe "Singer", tanga collaborated Imperial Court, uye pashure vakuru veSoviet.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Pacharo nhoroondo wokusonesa zvinonakidza chaizvo. Udzai vana, zvisinei, zviri nani kuti zvinonakidza zvinhu chokuita nayo. Teerera kare richava zvakaoma, asi chakajeka munhau shoma vakarangarira zvakanaka.

Unofanira kutanga zvishoma zvinonakidza zvinhu pamusoro kambani "Singer" yayo chigadzirwa. Saka, motokari yokutanga muchiso ichi dzaidhura chaizvo - $ 125. Mumazuva iwayo kwaiva bhajeti mhuri zvake American inenge 3 months. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kazhinji chichiwanikwa kuburikidza nokusonera vakadzi kuroorwa kana chirikadzi, vane mari yaiva shoma zvikuru. Ipapo Singer akatora, ungati, imwe yenhamo kusarudza: kutengesa motokari Yakabudiswa. danho iri yakawedzera rokutengesa kusvika 1,000 makopi pagore. Uye 1875, ari turnover kambani yake vakasimuka zvakawanda 200 nguva. Kuwedzera uku yakabatsira kuderedza mutengo motokari pamwe 200 kusvika $ 10.

History of wokusonesa akapfuma mumwe dzinonakidza zvine chokuita nekambani "Singer". Haana zvakananga ukama kune chaiko wokusonesa, asi hunofanira nezvokuvaka. Muna 1908, dzesangano anovaka chivako rekutanga New York skyscraper - ine 47 uriri. Dzichengeterwe vachishamiswa Broadway House 149.

Mumazuva Mao Zedong muna China yave vachiti kuitwa zvinakire mhuri: ". Mumwe anotaura, vatatu Kukosa" Izvi zvaireva kuti mumhuri kune wachi, muchina wokusonesa, imwe redhiyo uye bhasikoro.

Kubva kuma 1990, 2000s kubudikidza runyerekupe kuti zvimwe chikamu yekare yokusona akagadzirwa anokosha nesimbi dzakasiyana, semuenzaniso, palladium uye Platinum. Izvi inotsanangura kuonekwa zhinji kutenga husiri nyore kuwana. Muna 2001, nemhaka ngano iyi paiva mhosva - kuyaruka vakauraya pamudyandigere uye kunze kwake furati yekare wokusonesa. Chokwadi, mashoko anokosha nesimbi havana ukama chokwadi.

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, nhasi anodzidzwa munhau yacho wokusonesa chikoro. Grade 5 (GEF - chirongwa chitsva kurovedzwa, izvo zvinosanganisira nyaya) Somuenzaniso, ari kudzidza nyaya iri rwokugadzira zvidzidzo.

Pakati dzinonakidza chokwadi kuti unogona kuudza vana nezvenhoroondo muchina, pane zvichangobva chaizvo chiitiko. Muna 2012, mutevedzeri kubva Rostov nharaunda Leonid Shafirov tega nzira aigona zvinowedzera basa vanaamai mhuri huru uye vanaamai vasina mune chimwe chezvinhu shure dziri miners - akagova pachena kuti vakadzi vanenge zana yokusona. The dziite rakaitirwa mumaguta maviri. Kuti motokari aifanira kutumira chikumbiro kuna mutevedzeri nokusimbisa hama nevavakidzani zvakanyorwa kuti mai vana vakawanda vanoziva sei kuti kusona.

History of wokusonesa uye simbi

Pamwe nhoroondo wokusonesa, zvinokwanisika kutaura nezvenyaya iyi nhasi irreplaceable, akadai simbi. mudziyo uyu ane nhoroondo chaizvo yekare. Maererano nouchapupu matongo, vakafanana simbi inoshandiswa kare 4th remakore BC. e. muGirisi yekare. Pakutanga zvakanga ibwe nenharo kuti smoothes mbatya. Yakanga chete muzana remakore rechi18 paiva chakakandirwa-simbi simbi, iyo chimiro rakanga rakafanana ano. Kana yemagetsi nedare, akazviratidza muna 1903, uye akamuita Earl Richardson.

Saka, nhoroondo mhuri midziyo yemagetsi rirege zvishoma kunakidza pane nhoroondo yebudiriro.