Nhoroondo Peterhof kubva pakutonga Peter I kusvikira nhasi

Imwe mizinda kupfuura zvinoshamisa uye yakanaka European riri pedyo St. Petersburg uye anozivikanwa pasi zita Peterhof. History anorondedzera muchidimbu pakasikwa nzvimbo iyi zvinoshamisa. Uye tinoedza nokukurumidza pindai inokosha nzendo eupenyu Peterhof.

nzvimbo yakanaka

Vanotaura vanoti nzvimbo guta rino akasarudza pachake Peter I. Muna 1705 rimwe igwa duku "Munker" Akaramba muGulf of Finland, 40 Km from kuvakwa muSt Petersburg. Nokudaro zviri nyore kuonekwa jengachenga Gungwa reBaltic uye chitsuwa guru, apo panguva iyoyo dzakavakwa muedzo nenhare - Kronshlot. Muna 1708 akauya kwe Manor yakavakirwa yemapuranga Popovski nomuzinda Peter I, uyo anonzi mambo "horomtsy" wokutanga. Saka vakatanga nhoroondo Peterhof.

The purojekiti mberi dzokugara

Muna 1710, yokutanga matanho kuchinja kuva hwomutambarakede horomtsev Peterhof mumuzinda yakaoma akatorwa. History anotiudza kuti Peter I pashure kukunda kwake pamusoro Sweden akaita rwendo kuFrance. Ikoko akadzidza marongerwo penya French youmambo dzokugara - Choisy, Trianon, Versailles. Cherechedzai rwakabhadharwa kuna siyana hwokugadzira rokugadzirisa uye muchina zvikamu mumapaka namatsime.

Muna 1716, Mambo akarayira kubva France wakakurumbira mapurani Aleksandra Leblona, akamugadza mukuru murongedzeri remangwana Peterhof. Pfungwa dzakawanda mudzidziso muupenyu Italian ezvivako - Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli, Nikolo Miketti, mwene zvitubu - the Venetians Giuliano uye Giovanni Barattini.

Wokutanga kuwanikidza

Basa iri rokuvaka Peterhof vaiva rinoshamisa nokukurumidza, uye muna August 1725, vakabata chikuru buri raro. Panguva iyi akaita zvitubu dzakawanda, yakanga akacherwa Sea Canal uye vakaisa kunze park, akavakawo maduku nhare - vazoedemz uye Monplaisir.

Rukudzo kuti marongerwo rokutanga vaiva Peterhof M. G. Zemtsovu - vakakurumbira Russian mapurani. Vasati kuti, pamusoro-panzvimbo pakanga pasina zvivako kuvarimi avo akavaka nazvo. Nemhaka pachena marongerwo pamusoro Peterhof mamwe nyaya mbiri - State vanhuwo zvavo yakavakwa Artisan dzimba dare - Cavaliers.

Lapidary Works, kuumbwa ra1725, rekutanga maindasitiri nzvimbo, iyo vakagamuchira Peterhof. Nhoroondo yacho mavambo hunonyatsobatana kuvaka ichi mapurani rounyanzvi. The chikuru basa womufekitari yave tichigadzirisa ibwe, yaishandiswa kuvaka nhare uye dzimba mapurani kweguta nezveramangwana. Panguva ino tiri Wakatotanga basa iri kuvakwa mvura Mapaipi, waiva chekugutsa Peterhof matsime. Nhoroondo iyi hydraulic mamiriro simba kwakatanga porwizi Ropsha. Yakanga mvura yake vaifanira kupa mvura yose namatsime uye paki Ensemble ainzi Peterhof.

Nhoroondo yamambo iri XVII-XVIII emakore.

Paitonga Catherine I uye Anny Ioannovny muna Peterhof kushandisa pfungwa uye mapurani kuvandudzika aPetro I. Apo paakangogara pachigaro Elizaveta Petrovna akakumbira mwanakomana yakakurumbira Carlo Rastrelli, uyo akanga atova akaratidza kwakajeka mapurani. Francesco Rastrelli akatungamirira basa rokuvakazve Peterhof. Kana akarega Upper Chamber, Upper yakashongedzwa bindu. Uyewo chivakwa chitsva Elizabethan yakavakwa, iyo organically kupinda kare landscaped Peterhof.

History yakanyarara pamusoro chero akachinja zvikuru yaitonga Catherine II. transformations All iyi vakanga achingopiwa nokuchinja yomukati kushongedzwa nhare renaming ari Elizabethan muviri Catherine.

Pakazosvika nguva accession choumambo pamusoro Paul I, mapurani Zvivako Peterhof kukurumidza mikuru kugadziridza, uye Cascades ose namatsime dzinenge maturo. Zvakatora makore rokuvakazve mukanyiwa yose yamambo zvakaoma. The kwakaita basa chaizvo zvokuti kwokupedzisira kudzorerwa Peterhof akanga ari pakutanga XIX remakore, kana chigaro akagara mwanakomana Paul I - Alexander I.

Peterhof muna XIX remakore

By pakutanga remakore ari Peterhof sabhabha vagari vakanga dzimba makumi mashanu uye zvakasiyana-siyana asiri dzinogarwa nezvivako - stables, rinoteura, uye zvakawanda. Alexander I akarayira kuti vakiridza kupfuura yakanyangara muzvivako. Projects nokuti zvivako zvitsva vakasikwa V. P. Stasovym nevamwe. Kushandurwa chivako vakashanda mumabharaki mashoma vamabhiza regiments.

Apo Nicholas I nharaunda Peterhof akanga rakatsaurirwa kuburikidza kutenga nyika kumabvazuva Lower Park. Sezvo 1826 Peterhof mamiriro kuzadzikiswa vaviri-storey koteji rweberere mudzimai Nicholas I - Alexandra Fyodorovna. Gare gare Farm yakavakwa muzinda uye nzvimbo paki.

The accession Alexander II pakataurwa hwomukova njanji, izvo kwakabatana Petersburg uye Peterhof. Nhoroondo yamambo zvakaoma kusvikira 1917 - kwakajeka upenyu penya Vanababa naanamai, nhengo dzemhuri youmambo uye vanokudzwa muSt Petersburg.

Peterhof muna XX remakore

Pashure pokuchinja, muzinda uye paka yose Ensemble yakanga nationalized. Muna 1918, yokutanga rwavakaita akatora nzvimbo nokushanda dzimba ake makuru. Asi kudzorerwa wakaparadzwa Ensemble yakakwana chaiitirwa kwemakore anenge 10 apfuura. Pakazosvika 1926, namatsime vakanga reconstructed yakaderera park, uye kubudikidza 1930 ari yaitsiva mapaipi uye kudzorerwa Tsime vashoma Upper Garden.

The Great Patriotic War haana wakarega Peterhof. Vazhinji Exhibits zvakaparadzwa kana zvakabiwa, uye mapurani nhengo vava murwi wamabwe. Pashure kusunungurwa Peterhof muna 1944, akabva angotanga basa rokugadzira urwo rwakatora makore anenge 30. Chete muna 1973, muzinda uye paki yakaoma akadzorerwa yaro yepakutanga chitarisiko, uye kubvira ipapo Peterhof ndisingaregi kukunda mwoyo vose vokuRussia uye vashanyi dzavatorwa.