Crimea kusunungurwa, 1944. Crimean Kurwisa

Crimean Kurwisa muna 1944 anonzi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mishandirapamwe muHondo Yenyika II. Zvakatangira musi 8 April. Funga zvakare sei kusunungurwa Crimea kubva nechisimba eNazi.

Mamiriro pamusoro Peninsula

September 26 - November 5, 1943 rakaitirwa Melitopol, uye musi waOctober 31 - November 11 iroro - the Kerch-Eltegenskaya Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika kushandiswa. Mauto Soviet vakakwanisa kupaza masvingo ari Perekop nekamukwavarara. bridgeheads vakabatwa pamusoro Kerch Peninsula uye kumaodzanyemba chikamu Sivash. Zvisinei, nokuti kusunungurwa kuCrimea yakakwana haana simba zvakakwana. Peninsula anotora huru simba muvengi, vanovimba okuchengetedza. Pazuva Perekop Isthmus uye Sivash pakatarisana bridgehead pamusoro nzvimbo muvengi kwaisanganisira matatu, uye pamusoro Kerch kweItari - mana zvisungo.

Zvinzvimbo mapato

Kudzinga muvengi Peninsula, yeGungwa Dema Fleet of USSR aizokwanisa kuvazve anokosha zvine urongwa nechimwe. Izvi kuvandudza zvinhu akkommodasie ngarava uye mufambiro ruvengo. Mukuwedzera, Peninsula pakati Crimea rakafukidza inokosha Balkan parutivi pakati vokuGermany, kukurukurirana kwavo chikuru ichipfuura pakamanikana kumavirira pamhenderekedzo. Mundima iyi, hurumende German, akavapindurawo, akaisa zvikuru kuti chengetedzo mundima. Vaidavira kuti icharega rutsigiro Turkey uye Balkan vakabatana. Utungamiriri rechi17 Army, yakavakirwa pana Peninsula, rave tasked kuchengeta zvapedzisira nzvimbo. Zvisinei, vakuru vehondo muvengi kutanga chirongwa hwakadzama, "Adler" pakuparwa dzokera shure.

The inogara Mauto

By pakutanga 1944 mauto eGermany yakatowedzera mapoka maviri. Panozopera January pamusoro Peninsula akauya rechi73 uye kutanga March - 111th Infantry Division. Muna April, mauto muvengi chaiva nemapoka 12. Pakati pavo paiva 7 Romanian uye 5 German. Mukuwedzera, murwiyo vehondo kupa mbiri kurova brigades, njodzi dzakasiyana dzokusatendeseka. Kazhinji, nhamba mauto ane vanopfuura zviuru 195. People. Division akanga vanenge 3.600 mumaturi uye pfuti, 215 dzehondo. With mhepo kutsigira Army akapa 148 ndege. A rinokosha mukurwa divi Soviet aifanira kuridza 4 Ukrainian Front. Command mauto vazvitambudze Gene. Tolbukhin. Senzira mauto vaivapo:

1. 51st uye 2nd Guards Army.
2. 78 ndipo uye 16 ndipo akavakirirwa nzvimbo.
3. 19 Panzer Corps.

4 Ukrainian Front aitsigirawo rechi8 Air Army. Senzira mauto aripo yoga bhurigedhi akarayira Eremenko. Zviito wake anotsigira kubva mumhepo. Pakurwa ngarava dzakanga nidzwa. Command navo akatapa Oktyabrskiy Kuvshinov Sergeevich. Mauto ake vaifanira kutsigira kurwisa uye kuvhiringidza muvengi kukurukurirana. Uyezve, sezvo chikamu mauto eSoviet varipo Azov Flotilla. Iye ndokuraira Rear Admiral Gorshkov. Mauto ake vakatsigira tsamwisa Independent Coastal Army.

Uwandu muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano eSoviet akanga 470 zviuru. People. At kurasa vanhu vanenge 6 zviuru. Mumaturi uye pfuti, 559 kuzvidzora propelled pfuti uye dzehondo. Kubva gungwa inifanduri zviito vaitsigira ngarawa 4, mutsetse 1 ne2 patrol magwa, 6 vaparadzi, 8 nechigadziko trawlers, murindi 80 uye 47 kubva Avangard magwa, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura 29, 34 warrior, 3 gunboats uye dzimwe ebetsero midziyo.

Active anotsigira Soviet Army akapa Crimean guerrillas mapoka izvo dzakaumbwa pakutanga 1944 nhamba yavo yose yakanga zvuru 4. People. Groups vakanga zvabatanidzwa muna East, North uye South akakura. Mauto Soviet aiva zvokutora ukuru pamusoro uto muvengi. Mauto eSoviet chikwata achaunganidza Vasilevsky uye Voroshilov.

Nezvinetso okuti

Kusunungurwa Crimea muna 1944 aifanira kutanga muna February, nhamba 18-19. Wechitanhatu February akaunzirwa achirwa urongwa. Naizvozvo, zvisinei, kutanga mushandirapamwe yakanga ichinonoka kanoverengeka. Panguva iyoyowo, vakanga vachirwa pamhenderekedzo Dnieper. Rate murayiro akatuma Vasilevsky chiratidzo kutanga kurwisa kusvikira kusunungurwa ndima kuna Kherson.

Zvadaro, yakapiwa akasiyana hurongwa. Zvikurukuru, Vasilevsky akarairwa kutanga kushanda hapana paya pane March 1, pasinei kuchava kusunungurwa pamhenderekedzo Dnieper. Zvisinei, musoro mauto akaudza GHQ kuti, akapiwa okunze, vanhu kurwa aizofanira kumirira kusvikira paMarch. Kubva iyi kumusoro Command akabvuma. Zvisinei, 16,03 Wasilewski akapiwa mirayiridzo itsva, maererano izvo raifanira yakatanga mushure kubatwa kunharaunda Nikolayev uye Odessa kuti kukwidziridzwa. Asi zvino, nokuti mamiriro okunze, kurwa aifanira kumbomira kusvikira April 8th.

Kurangarira murayiro yeSoviet

Kusunungurwa Crimea muna 1944, aifanira kutakura kubuda maari nechisimba muna kudzika 170? Km. Capture muvengi nezvetsika akanga akaronga kwemazuva 10-12. Panyaya iyi, avhareji mwero zuva nezuva chinotangira inifanduri aifanira kuva 12-15 km Tank Corps - 30-35? Km. Chinangwa chaiva kuraira mawa parinouya kuchamhembe - kubva Syvash uye Perekopa uye kumabvazuva - ne Kerch Peninsula. Kuburikidza kusunungurwa Sevastopol uye Simferopol, akaronga akatsemura boka uye achabvisa muvengi, kudzivisa kushaya wayo kubva kweItari. Huru furidza aifanira kuisa midzi kumaodzanyemba chikamu Sivash. Kana vakabudirira chiito chikuru mauto vakaenda Perekop matatu muvengi nzvimbo. Kuva vakabatisisa Jankoi Soviet mauto mukana mberi Simferopol uye Kerch Peninsula mu German shure. Secondary kurwisa aifanira Perekop nekamukwavarara. Pamberi Independent Coastal Army basa raiva kuputsa kwokudzivirira nechisimba kuchamhembe Kerch. Her chikamu chaiva kurwisa pamwe yokumaodzanyemba Peninsula. Mauto Key chete vakanga zvainanga kusunungurwa Sevastopol uye Simferopol.

Crimea vakabvumirwa 1944:. The kurwa

kurwisa pamberi mazuva mashanu yarova rinorema atirari, vakawanda kuvakwa-refu muvengi zvakaparadzwa. muchiuto njere wakaitwa April 7 manheru. Iye akasimbisa Enron Soviet murayiro ruzivo pamusoro muvengi. Rorusere April vatanga mhepo uye atirari kugadzirira. Kazhinji, zvaitora maawa 2,5. Kusunungurwa kuCrimea muna 1944 yakatanga kuvhunduka ehondo 51st Army pasi murayiro refutenendi-General Kreizer. The Kurwisa akanga akatakurwa kubva bridgehead kumaodzanyemba chikamu Sivash. Mazuva maviri hasha kurwa. Somugumisiro, mauto eSoviet akakwanisa kupaza German kuzvidzivirira. 51th Army vavamba parutivi Perekopskaya mapoka. Panguva imwe chete, asi 2nd Guards Division Zakharov akapinda Armenian. April 11 mangwanani, rechi19 Panzer Corps yakatorwa Dzhankoy.

Under murayiro kupesana Vasiliev zvinobudirira akaswedera kuna Simferopol. VokuGermany, kupukunyuka kwezvakatipoteredza, achisimbisa akasiya Perekop nekamukwavarara uye akatanga mumusiye kubva Kerch Peninsula. Pausiku kurwisa kutanga 11,04 Separate Maritime Army. By mangwanani mauto vakatora Kerch - akakombwa kuzvidzivirira dzaishandiswa nechokumabvazuva Peninsula. In zvose nzvimbo yokutambudzwa veGermany vakanga vakadzokera shure kuna Sevastopol. Pamwe yokumadokero kurwisa kumhuka 2nd Guards. Army vakananga Yalta. 51 Army, uchishandisa anobudirira zviito rechi19 Corps, kubudikidza inowanzorimwa mapazi pakutanga kukurudzira Simferopol. A anokosha mauto hondo akafamba kuburikidza Belogorsk (Karasubazar) uye Theodosia Sevastopol. 13 April mauto eSoviet akavasunungura Feodosia, Simferopol, Yevpatoriya, uye 14-15 nhamba - Yalta, Bakhchisarai, Alushta.

VokuGermany Zvichakadaro akaramba shure. Aviation 4 th uye 8 fung Army akarova matambudziko simba panguva mauto eGermany uye kutaurirana nodes. Oktyabrskiy Kuvshinov Sergeevich, akaraira zvikepe Soviet, akarayira kunyura ngarava pamwe evacuees nechisimba.

guerrillas

Crimean pasi pevhu vakaratidza chaizvo ushingi uye heroism pakurwa. partisan dzakabatana asati aiva basa rokuparadza nodes, kukurukurirana mitsetse undovakira muvengi vavandire nemarara mugomo kuyambuka, kuparadza njanji Makwara, kuvhiringidza chengarava muna Yalta, pasina kupa mauto eGermany-Romanian vatamire uye munzvimbo yaiva nengozi. Pachivande aifanirawo kudzivisa kuparadzwa muvengi chokufambisa uye maindasitiri emakambani, makanzuru.

Kurwisa Sevastopol: gadziriro

April 15-16, Soviet Army akatanga gadziriro kurwiswa. Huru furidza yakanga vaifungidzira kubva kumiganhu Balaclava. In Chikumbiro yayo kuva uye chikamu kubatana pfungwa wacho uye rworuboshwe parutivi pakati 51st Army. Mauto Soviet vaifanira kupaza muvengi dzakadzivirirwa munzvimbo Sapun Mountain uye nourefu wokuchamhembe-mabvazuva Karani. Nokudaro, boka muvengi angadai kubviswa apo panopinda, yaiva kumavirira Sebastopol. Command aidavira kuti kukundwa nomuvengi pamusoro Sapun Hill, pasinei nematambudziko kuti akaperekedza kurwisa, aibvumirwa kuputsa kurwisa muvengi kuzvidzivirira nzvimbo. Mubhendi 2nd Guards. Army akaronga kuti kurwiswa yechipiri. Kutora pfungwa nechisimba, iye aifanira 2 mazuva asati huru kurwisa. The murayiro Soviet anoisa mauto basa anoputsa zvitaviro kumabvazuva Belbek vezvikwata zviri 55th Infantry uye rechi13 Guards Corps. Mauto aifanira kuva chiito iri kumabvazuva chikamu North Bay uye Mekenzievy makomo kusunda muvengi muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano mvura uiparadze.

ruvengo

19 uye 23 April maviri kuedza kupaza huru yokuzvidzivirira of Sevastopol nharaunda yakakumikidzwa. Zvisinei, mauto eSoviet akakundikana. Command akasarudza vaironga kuunganazve, gadzirira muchiuto kumirira okutambirwa mafuta uye zvombo.

Kurwisa yakatanga musi waMay 5. Hondo 2nd Guards. hondo akaenda kurwisa, kumanikidza muvengi uchatamisa mapoka nedzimwe nzira. At 10:30 musi May 7, ne simba mhepo rutsigiro vakatanga zvavo kurwisa. Hondo huru mapoka veSoviet vakakwanisa kupaza muvengi dzakadzivirirwa pamusoro 9-kiromita Stretch. Panguva vanotyisa kurwa, mauto akakunda Sapun Mountain. On May 9, varwi Soviet akaputsa kupinda Sevastopol kubva kumaodzanyemba-mabvazuva, kumabvazuva nokumusoro, chichisunungura guta. Mauto vasara rechi17 hondo muvengi, vakadzinganiswa rechi19 Corps, vakadzokera shure kuna Cape Chersonese, dzakanga dzaparadzwa. Nhapwa akanga 21,000 vakuru uye varwi muvengi. Mauto eSoviet akabata zvokushandisa uye zvombo muvengi.

Battle Chirongwa

In 1941-1942. muvengi vakatora mazuva 250 kundozvitorera Sevastopol, ane vanhu heroically akadzivirira masvingo aro, Soviet mauto yake kusunungurwa vakatora mazuva 35 chete. Nechekare ne May 15 padzimbahwe vakatanga kugamuchira mashoko rakaitirwa idzodzo uye zviyero nemauto achimisa pamusoro anokumhan'arira kuti kudzingwa Peninsula.

mhedziso

Kusunungurwa Crimea muna 1944 akabvumira kudzoka inokosha zveupfumi uye inokosha nzvimbo muSoviet munyika. Ndivo chikuru zvebasa vaimbopota akanga asvika. Pakapera hondo Project mibayiro kwavo kusangana kudzingwa nomuvengi yave vakasikwa kweItari. Zvisinei, kuti menduru nokuda kuCrimea uye vasina dzakatangwa.