Arayire Aleksandra Nevskogo. Photo. Knights of Order Aleksandra Nevskogo

Pakati zhinji hurumende mibayiro Russia kare uye anokosha muzvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana nzvimbo ndiyo Order of Alexander Nevsky. Nyaya yake kujairika. Order akaonekwa nemasere remakore, muna 1917 nayo yakaguma, uye ipapo apiwa Ivepo munguva Guru Patriotic War. Muna 1991, akarega kuvapo Soviet Union, asi mukuru-mubayiro, vakapona Russian Empire uye Soviet Union, cherechedza zvaitwa magamba ose Russia idzva. Chamazuva izvi zvikuru yokufananidzira. Mukuru Order Aleksandra Nevskogo - vanhu kushumira nyika, vanhu uye kwete hurumende yezvematongerwo enyika. At izvi akamira, inomira uye achamira zvakasimba Holy Russia.

Ndiani aiva Alexander Nevsky

Akaberekwa muna 1420, muchinda atova nemakore 22 akazivikanwa penya kukunda Teutonic Knights. The kukundwa of Teutonic Knights haana asingashumbi nemhanza. Kubvira achiri muduku, Alexander aikudzwa nokururama uye kuzvipira kwake yechizvarigo. Kuwedzera utungamiri tarenda, muchinda haana kukosha unhu, pakati inova mukuru ungwaru, ushingi uye chisingarambiki chipo Wenyika. Fungisisa kurwisa Russia iye zvakaitika pashure Battle pamusoro Ice, asi zvakapembererwa zvombo, zvine urongwa pfungwa uye tactical zvisarudzo akataura nounyanzvi pamwe chete mhedziso zvakanaka kuti munyika yokumwe zvibvumirano uye nokubatana kuti kusimbisa Novgorod uremu political map Eurasia.

Kunamata uye kunamata Alexander akatanga anenge pakarepo pashure porufu rwake akarurama 1263. Pakarepo asati afa, akakwanisa kutora yemamongi murayiro uye akapa mweya wake kuna Jehovha, akapfeka yemamongi zita Alexius.

Chokwadi munhu uyu mutsvene akava chiratidzo noumhare wevanakomana Russia paitonga Catherine Mukuru, uye akaramba saka kusvikira 1917, hapana inoshamisa. On chii metamorphoses munguva yokupanduka, nyaya dzichakurukurwa pazasi. No dzinonakidza zvishoma ndiyo njodzi mibayiro uye mumazuva edu.

How uye naani agamuchirwa Order

Pfungwa kuti asimbise Order naAlexander Nevsky akazviratidza pakutanga Russian Emperor Petra Velikogo, asi pakuziva kwakanga iyeye aiva. Zvisinei, munguva yokutonga kwake zvaitwa kuitira kuti munyika akakurumbira pfungwa akagadza mufananidzo umhare muponesi yamadzibaba. Uye pashure porufu rwake, muchinda akaramba kufuridzira ake Feat mauto Russian. Pamberi pakatanga Hondo Kulikov (1380) Alexander incorrupt ipfungwa dzaiunzwa kutsigira zvizvarwa nyika. Muna 1721, chevaux Peter Mukuru akasarudza kumbosendeka kubva Vladimir guru idzva. Izvi zviri zvishoma kunonoka, uye zvakaitika nokuda soro mwero kunamata dzasara muchinda somununuri. Zvisaririra vaiva Klin, Tver, Vyshny Volochyok, uye ipapo akashanda nzira yake achitevedza gungwa Ilmen, zvachose kugara Novgorod. Mapilgrim aiva zhinji, asi, maererano Kesari wokuti, sirivha rutumba akachinjirwa Shlisselburg, apo iye akaramba kusvikira 1724. Pakupedzisira, Archbishop Theodosius akagamuchira mirairo Peter I kuronga chokuendesa zvisaririra St. Petersburg kusvikira pakupera August gore rino, uye kuti akanga aita. Mambo akafa asati chigaro Order of Alexander Nevsky. Russia yeuka gamba ravo.

Order kuti Catherine I

Catherine I, nechirikadzi mambo-muvandudzi, vachinyatsonzvera kubatwa vakawanda ake nepfungwa uye zvirongwa. Handisi kusiya izvozvo vasina akavatarisa uye vavariro mubairo mutsva. Vakava richangobva kugadzikana Aleksandra Nevskogo. List pakati awardees akazarurwa gumi vanhu - zvose muchiuto uye ndokuendeswa, panyaya iyi Empress yakati vakamonyanisa mukuru pfungwa wake mushakabvu, anodavira kuti naanamai inofanira vaya pachavo korona yokubwinya chete. The mhemberero yakanga yakarongwa kuti iitike rienderane kumuchato mwanasikana Petro Anna Duke Karl-Friedrich (muchato kwakaitika muna 1725), uye izvi zvakanga mukana kutambidza Order of Alexander Nevsky mana vatorwa-Holstein, iyo pachena akaitwa nedzenyu zvikonzero. Panguva iyoyowo yakaumbwa uye mutemo pasi iyo inonyanya rukudzo paakavapa nevamiririri chemurayiro remauto, kutanga makuru General. Izvi zvinoshandawo zviremera achizivawo tafura vezvinzvimbo. Saizvozvowo 1725 Catherine I ndawana zvinoita kuti mubayiro murayiro uyu uye zvawo. Kazhinji, kuti Empress nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kuti ave. In kwake ushe uwandu Cavaliers zvasvika vanhu 64 (kusanganisira akazvisvibisa).

Kubva Catherine kuna Catherine

Tisati pakutanga "yendarama zera" pakati Catherine II anenge matatu nemakumi aikudzwa inofananidza umambo Vakagamuchira Order of Alexander Nevsky. Pakati pavo pane sekuru A. S. Pushkina, General-mu-mukuru, Hannibal (kuzivikanwa naPetro arap), V. Suvorov, baba generalissimo vake, academician CG Razumovsky, ari curator of Moscow University wokutanga, uye vazhinji vamwe vanhu vakakurumbira. Foreign madzimambo (kusanganisira Mambo Prussia, Frederick II, Mambo Poland uye Elector pamusoro Saxony, August III, vokuGeorgia Mambo Kartli machinda George uye Balkar) kwainzi kukuru kupfeka menduru ichi. Rakanga paakavapa uye wokuUkraine hetman.

Paakavapa pasi Catherine Guru

Mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu paakavapa vaiva ushe Catherine Guru. Time pacharo, iro pezviitiko zvinovhiringidza zvakazoita kuti kukura kwesimba Russian uye kukura mundima yayo, uye anokunda hondo pave ichi. AV Suvorov, MI Kutuzov, FF Ushakov - mazita akawanda chehurukuro mwoyo ose Russian. Mberi tsika yakatangwa Catherine I, maererano iyo masayendisiti, vanyori venhau dzakaitika uye vanyori, zvakare, akava akakodzera mibayiro dzakadai Order of Alexander Nevsky. Russia agara yakapfuma matarenda vanhu, uye mupfungwa, avo vaita chakakonzera kuti nyika mbiri hapana isingasviki mabasa admirals uye vemauto. Pakati vanowana anogona kutaura kuchimbudzi wepachitsuwa AI Musin-Pushkin, yakawanikwa vomunguva nevazukuru, "Lay." Haiwa, pakati Knights uye aiva nomukurumbira wakaipa Moscow wemapurisa Arkharov umo Taka Wo zvemasanga Executive simba. Eya, nezvikanganiso zvichiitika.

Paul Order

Paul ndakatora kuchinja uye kubatanidza awarding ezvinhu nokupinda rimwe kurongeka, siyana mu "makirasi", asi utsanzi hakusi chavasina. Zvakangoitikawo kuti wemandorokwati yeRussian Empire akava Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, shure kwake - St. Catherine, yetatu - .. St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. Symbol akashanda somubayiro Ribbon yaipfekwa pamusoro pamafudzi. Color - red, pamwe gondo miviri misoro, kuti chenyika. The Order aiva sirivha nyeredzi aine korona kwomuchinda uye zita Alexander somunhu monogram, uyewo dzeraundi ari Mashoko "Nokuti Labor uye Yababa." Orange Yane no akavimba koshitomu chaiyo yaipfekwa pazviitiko panguva kushanyira kudare. Apo Pauro akaoneka masere chete dhazeni paakavapa, zvichiratidza yakakwirira mamiriro arayirwa.

Special ezvinhu Order

Zvinofadza kuti muitiro kuwana Order yeRussian Empire Akaperekedzwa dzibvise noukama dare naanamai. Awarding yakaitwa pasi muripo (200 uye 600 rubles), asi akapa kodzero mudyandigere kana mari wepagore zvinopfuura mari iyi. murayiro uyu akaramba kusvikira 1917, uye yacho vakaenda kwerunyararo mumisha vakaremara uye rudo zviitiko. Control kururamisira zvekushandisa kuitwa yokuisira ari achishandisa chaiyo Council, iyo iri kusarudzwa kupfuura vakakodzera.

Order yakanga chete dhigirii chete, asi kusiyana vachiri zvinogoneka. Mimwe mibayiro vaionekwa minondo, nedhaimani zviratidzo, uye kunyange nedhaimani minondo zvinopfekerwa aine nyeredzi huru. Special mamiriro mutsetse rakanga chaiyo, pamwe rakadini yunifomu kana koshitomu kwakakodzera akapfeka Order naAlexander Nevsky, navamwe mibayiro Oenda, uye vamwe havana.

Mushure October Revolution, zvose mibayiro vamambo akabvisa.

Stalin kuti "Alexander Nevsky"

1942. Mamiriro pamberi rinorema, uye pane imwe nguva iri dzinonetsa. A chinokosha chikamu European ndima Soviet Union yakapamba muvengi. Ndiyo nguva kuyeuchidza vanhu mbiri kare uye noumhare yemadzitateguru avo. Orders uye Medals the Second World War, Chakagamuchirwa mukuvamba yehondo, chinofananidzira uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika uye nhoroondo ndangariro. Rinotaura pamusoro internationalism uye ukama hwenyika yose vashandi vari yakaturikwa uye pachaunga, mune newsreels uye mabasa ounyanzvi. German proletariat pasi pomureza Nazi tsika munyika yedu. Vanofanira rokukunda uye kudzinga, uye chete ipapo, zvichida, kutaura pamusoro nyika chimurenga.

I. V. Stalin akapa kuti kuva yokunyora nokudhirowa pamusoro Medals, mazita veuto guru - Kutuzov, Suvorov uye Aleksandra Nevskogo. Technical Logistics Services Committee mberi chinokosha hurumende basa. Artistic chinhu nyaya hwakapiwa I. S. Telyatnikovu --maviri nezvitanhatu Artist (imwe akitekiti).

Movie nenyeredzi musi Order

Basa basa Telyatnikova, zvakanga zvisiri nyore, stylistically zvose Orders matatu inofanira kumira Saizvozvowo, zvinofungirwa mufananidzo nechepakati chikamu chimiro vaakadana award anonzi. Portraits pamusoro Suvorov uye Kutuzov vemifananidzo namadhimoni. Vane chiso kuti atakure Order of Alexander Nevsky? The USSR raiva guru simba cinematic. Muna 1938, Sergey Eyzenshteyn akaita firimu pamusoro Battle of Ice. Igor Sergeevich Telyatnikov akawana zvichiita kushandisa mufananidzo muchinda Heraldry isingachinji mutambi Nikolai Cherkasov. Nevaimuteerera vakajaira kuti Alexander Nevsky anotarisa kuti nzira, kunyange zvazvo pakuonekwa pevairwara gamba inoramba asingazivikanwi nhasi nokuda kwokushayiwa muna vivo kuri.

Quality uye uwandu

Order akatendeuka akabuda akanaka. Musi pfungwa yacho vamiririri Mint pamusoro anoitwa mukugadzira technology (Zvaiva nyore kuzviita tselnoshtampovannyh) Igor Sergeevich Telyatnikov kuomesa akapindura kuti award uitwe anoverengeka zvikamu vakaungana. I. V. Stalin, pashure pokunzwa mativi ose, akatora nzvimbo nemunyori. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza nokuda kuratidzwa vakawanda heroism nemauto ari Red Army, akanga asati kuenda anoitwa zvigadzirwa. Basic kugadzira zvinhu - sirivha (925 carat) uye enamel. Kupfuura makumi mana nezviviri pakati mibayiro izvi yakapiwa munguva yehondo. mibayiro yakawanda uye Medals WWII unobereka makopi mashoma, asi dzimwe nguva kuponesa zvakawanda. The ndechokuti anogamuchira kumusoro rukudzo kupfeka mufananidzo mudziviriri Russian munyika chete apererwa daredevils, inoremekedzwa yemberi Kukunda pachako upenyu hwako. Ghibli vatambi, mubairo wavo zvakanga zvisingaiti kuchengetedza nguva dzose ...

Ndivanaani vaiva Knights ari Order of Aleksandra Nevskogo? List akazarura 42nd vakashinga vatungamiri Red Army muna November, Captain SP Tsybulin uye refutenendi I. N. Ruban. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakutanga zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti murayiro zvichava zvechokwadi mubayiro vanhu vake uye vachagamuchira wake mudiki vehondo, kusanganisira vatungamiri regiments, asi gare gare akawedzera denderedzwa vakakodzera zvinosanganisira nokupesana vehondo uye bhurigedhi vehondo. Huru aifanira kuti zvisarudzo zvavo akaratidza unyanzvi, ushingi uye kutsunga, unhu Prince Alexander. It zvaikosha uye pakuenzanisa simba panguva imwe pokuparadzwa. Kana muvengi dzinopfuura yedu chikamu, vakamhanyira kwacho, uye akanga saka kuparadzwa kana akatiza, uye yaiva nguva kupa mubayiro kuna gamba. Zvadaro, maererano mureza mauto zvichiitwa akatevera Supreme Council zvinotaura. Kwete kazhinji paiva zviitiko apo paakavapa murayiro Aleksandra Nevskogo vakanga paakavapa mubayiro uyu zvakare (zvishoma kupfuura zana) uye saka vakaita dzakasiyana nyaya, kana mazamu yavo yakashongedzwa nhatu (aizivikanwa zvose zvitatu varwi vakashinga izvi).

Saka, pfuti kambani nomubati Ivan M. Gray pamwe unit yaakaronzeswa muna June 1944, asingatyi akarwisa pevane masimba romuvengi, vasingatyi akaswedera ake zvinzvimbo uye moto wakaparadza pamusoro mashanu German vaNazi. The vakatapa masvingo zana Soviet varwi midzi, akarwa kure matanhatu kurwiswa. Zuva rakatevera boka vayambuka rwizi uye akaenda rwemberi muvengi, pane kubvumira ndima huru ehondo mberi nemauto eSoviet. Saka Company Wehondo Gray akava knight of Order Aleksandra Nevskogo. Asi gamba haana kugumira ipapo. Chehondo raiva mberi, uye muna July boka IM Gray, achiratidza heroism rechiuto akaramba vaNazi, uye ipapo kuzochera muvengi kuva mumhirizhonga. Award wechipiri waiva mubayiro vakakodzera.

Munguva yehondo, pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo mapoka arayira mapurisa uye zviduku vatariri. Order Aleksandra Nevskogo - mubayiro navatariri, asi zvinhu izvi uye kushumira wechi vashandi kwakaratidza kukodzera kwayo. Zvikuru chaizvo zvakapembererwa uye vakadzi vashoma, uyo akarwa pamusoro fronts. Navatariri dzechikwata "Normandie-Niemen" French Leon Kafo, Pierre Joseph Risso Pouyade uye akagamuchira Medals nokuda heroism mudenga.

Mushure Kukunda Order of Aleksandra Nevskogo kwemakore anopfuura gumi, hapana paakavapa. Panguva Hungarian yokumukira shoma vakuru Soviet, kuita kusarudza uye noushingi, vaigona kubudirira tikararama chiduku simba. Ravakagadzwa pamwe award.

Vasati 2005, akaramba kupa mibayiro kune vaya vasingagoni kuwana navo munguva yehondo. Dzimwe nguva vatambi havasi kutomboziva mibayiro yavo.

The itsva yekare

Pashure pokuwa USSR Soviet mavanga vemauto uye rehurumende mubayiro ikadzikama. Vakatsiviwa Medals idzva Order of Russian Federation, mu achinyepera yake yokuratidza chamazuva yeRussian State. Kuwedzera Gold Star of Hero, mibayiro shoma zvichachengetwawo zita rayo. Chitarisiko insignia yakanga yekudyidzana akachinja zviratidzo reSoviet wehurumende akasvimha idzva (kana mutana), maoko maoko, gondo kaviri-vakananga. Muna 2010, wakateya Order of Aleksandra Nevskogo Russian Federation, kuramba yakakwirira pfungwa dzavo vamutangira.

Maererano mutemo Award akafanira vashandi uye vamwe vagari avo basa ravo kana noumhare vakabatsira kubudirira munyika uye kusimudza ayo profile. Hazvina basa kana nokuedza dzinoitwa mumunda zvehondo, sainzi, tsika, utano, dzidzo kana mamwe mabasa. Order Aleksandra Nevskogo Russian Federation vanogona paakavapa chete naanamai zvimwe pamusoro awards of yamadzibaba. Paakavapa kwavari kungava vagari vatorwa kana vanotongwa, kana ivo vakabatsira unobereka dzakawanda pamwe. Kuwedzera huru chiratidzo akabudisa zvigadziko uye makopi vakasiyana izvo zvinogona kupfekwa pamusoro yunifomu kana nguo rehurumende kurutivi pechipfuva rworuboshwe. Akanga akayeuka navatana nokubwinya Mashoko "Nokuti Labor uye Kumusha" ndiro ikozvino akanyorwa neizvi. Kana munhu kare paakavapa akanga paakavapa ari Order of St. Catherine, kuti Ribbon raifananidzira murayiro St. Aleksandra Nevskogo, zvinofanira kupfekwa yakaderera.

New Russian Order of Knights

Akararamazve kuti Order yeRussian Empire muchinjikwa kunze stylized, haina mufananidzo mutambi Cherkasov, asi mune dzeraundi makavharidzira medallion, chinokosha murwiyo, pane Equestrian mufananidzo, nowenyika Muchinda-murwi zvava mutsvene.

Zvishoma dzakachinja uye kuti iyo paakavapa ari Order of Alexander Nevsky. Photos Knights akapa nhau haisi nguva dzose pamwe racho kuMudzidzisi chirevo, kunyange chokwadi kuti awarding hapana chakavanzika haasi pamusoro mumwe wavo anozivikanwa kubva kuruzhinji zvinyorwa. Mumakore mana apfuura ivo vakayambuka makumi manomwe. Pakati paakavapa mukuru rukudzo uye vatambi (VS Lanovoi uye VA Etush), uye vapristi Orthodox, kusanganisira primate yeRussian uye Ukrainian Churches baba Cyril uye baba vake, Vladimir, uye inofananidza ehurumende, uye vamiririri zvebhizimisi (semuenzaniso, . V. Deripaska). Russian Order Aleksandra Nevskogo ikoko uye Belarusian President Lukashenko. Kukanganwa, uye vaya akasimbisa pakushingaira mitambo yavo rukudzo munyika yedu, pakati pavo Tatiana Pokrovskaya - murairidzi of nemasiraidhi akapendwa kushambira chikwata. State Duma wevatariri uye Gaviota Zyuganov Yakawanawo yakakwirira rukudzo akapfeka pachigaro bhokisi nemufananidzo St. Alexander.

Zvisinei awarding kuitika Kazhinji. kuti ichi zvinofanira atambira basa nesimba kubatsira Russia kwemakore akawanda, uye dzimwe nguva kwemakumi emakore.