Nhoroondo zvakasikwa uye mukuru unhu Sudebnik 1550

Of Mutemo Ivan IV ari Anotyisa akanga rakanyorwa 1550. Zvinonzi inobva yapfuura gumbo gwaro rakanyorwa makore matatu adarika Ivan III. A zvitsva mitemo rekutanga yepamutemo pamutemo chiito munhoroondo Russia yekare, iro rave kuzivikanwa sezvo oga anopa Mvumo enyaya. General unhu Sudebnik 1550, rinosanganisira tsananguro pfupi zvayo chikuru zvokudya zviri munyaya ino.

Prerequisites kusika gwaro idzva

In XV-XVI emakore, chirongwa inotungamirwa uye kubatana munyika Russian dzakaguma, uye paiva chete centralized mamiriro. Zvino, simba rose rave pfungwa muMoscow uye akanga ari mumaoko of Grand Duke. Kubva ipapo akakwanisa dzose dzavo.

Panguva iyoyo, paiva kuchinja kunyika gavhuna sezvo nguva feudalism. kuchinja izvi zvakakonzera kuti mitemo vakagamuchira kare vaisagona zvakazara waidzora noukama itsva kuti akazviratidza socio-upfumi bhora. Paiva kudiwa kuumba mamwe yoku- uye akakwana kunobva pamutemo ukama, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira sarudzo iri imwe nyaya. Naizvozvo, chinhu chinodiwa kuti chidzoke itsva shanduro vakava Sudebnik kuchinja pavaiita Ivanom Groznym, uye irrelevance pamusoro rapfuura mitemo. Uyezve, pane kudiwa kujekesa zvimwe nyaya yacho.

Chinangwa rakasikwa gwaro idzva, riri Mutemo muna 1550, pfupiso izvo kutsanangurwa pazasi, akanga kuvhara akawanda Makwanza yechinyakare mitemo. Izvi kwave nokuramba supplementing nayo zvikuru ano uye mashoko chairayirwa mutemo.

Kuunza MASHOKO EZVAKAITIKA Sudebnik

The pamutemo zera Ivana Groznogo rakaenderana nguva apo iye akanzi Mutemo 1550. Nhoroondo Gwaro iri sezvinotevera: pasi pokudzora muprista Sylvester, uyewo achibatsirwa mubati vakaungana imwe pedenderedzwa mazano, mambo akatanga kuita zvinhu. Kutanga Implementation avo chokuita yakatarwa Church, yakaitirwa muMoscow mumakore 1550-1551. Kuti rave rakapepetwa uye rapfuura Mutemo muna 1497. Pakati 100 aivapo itsva gwaro Articles 37 akazviratidza chete pakasvika Ivana Groznogo. The chikuru Rugwaro yekare Code kwave kuchiita kwemisha dzokororo.

pfupiso

In pakati XVI remakore kuRussia nyaya murayiro mutsva kudare iri hukama pakati vanhu, kwete chete nemumwe asiwo hurumende. Vose vakapinda Mutemo 1550. Pfupiso uye tsananguro zvainoshandiswa zvinokosha nyaya dzinoratidza unovandudzwa nzira kwayo zvisikwa, ichienzaniswa ambotaurwa Coll. Ivana Groznogo Curse inosanganisira dzemunharaunda dzevagari, muna rem, pakumanikidzwa, nhaka, mutemo mhosva, uyewo rwokutsvakurudza uye nezvakatongwa kwendangariro.

kunyatsogona

Ivan Grozny nehama dzake uye anofungidzirwa boyars akatora Mutemo muna 1550. The chikuru zvokudya gwaro achisimbisa tsika yaivapo umo dare, kuwedzera kune magavhuna akagadzwa namambo, wakapindwa meya uye vanonzi tselovalniks, t. E. The vatongi, kutsvoda muchinjikwa. Vaiva mukuru uye zvechigarire vechikamu zvokutonga zvekufamba. Kuwedzera magavhuna, ivo protocols vaifanira kuva vanamabharani uye nenyika. Paper vaiona seanoshanda chete kana chasainwa Pirato uye barmen. Vabati vavo vabatsiri - Tiunov kugona kusunga munhu pasina kutsanangura zvikonzero kuvharirwa kwavo.

Uyewo Sudebnik vainyatsotarisirwa rwakabhadharwa kuna omunharaunda uye nechepakati hurumende. Kushandurwa kukanganiswa kunyanya vicegeral utariri, asi anoramba hwakare zvokudya.

General Unhu Sudebnik 1550 rinosanganisira evanhu chikamu mutemo mutsva. Rinotaura mbiri pezvidzidzo - the zvaanoda vakawanda, ndoupi serfs uye vanhuwo zvavo, uye nyika. Gwaro idzva akaitirwa kuvandudza kururamisira rikurumidze uye kupa kukwanisa kudzora ayo vamiririri vomunzvimbo.

Muzana XVI remakore pakanga kwakapararira kwesimba pakati vanhu nominated kubudikidza Kesari, uyewo vatongi. ezvinhu akadaro aisagona kunooneka Sudebnik mambo. Gwaro rino rine nyaya, iyo inoti kuti vatongi haagoni kutora zvipikirwa, kutsiva, uye ushamwari nomumwe. Panyaya iyi, kurambidzwa haana rwevanhu uye kujeka, zvinofungirwa kuti kusateerera chaicho kurangwa: muunganidzwa yakaisvonaka, vasungwe kana quilting chamboko.

General Unhu Sudebnik 1550 raizova kukwana kana pasina panotaurwa mumwe chinzvimbo chinokosha chaizvo. Mutongi akanga asina kodzero kureva complainants kuzorwa pachako pamberi rwausingazonzwisisi musimboti kugunun'una kwavo. Kana mukuru haana kuita mabasa avo nemazvo uye zvinhu vanoshungurudzwa anosvika mambo, muranda mutemo pachayo yaigona kuisa vakapfigirwa.

Civil mitemo

Vaiva zvakakodzera basa uye pakuzadzisa kuwedzera kunzwisisa zveupfumi ukama. Vaaitonga vaigona kuva zvose zvikwata, zvinosanganisira maviri kana kupfuura vanhu, uye vanhu. All zvinhu mumunda ichi yaidzorwa Mutemo 1550. Property Law inogona kutengwa kuburikidza chibvumirano kuti andobata award, kuwanikwa kana mushonga.

Rakajairika panguva iyi nzira nguva kuwana kodzero chibvumirano. Of zviri pakati XVI remakore chete nomumukanwa chimiro. Pakupera kwezana remakore chibvumirano kwatova muchimiro kutengeserana rakanyorwa, akadana varanda. Gwaro iri rinofanira akasaina pachake mutoro bato. Kana vakanga vasingagoni kuverenga nokunyora, bepa yakasainwa kana hama dzavo kana vanababa.

Nokufamba kwenguva, paiva nyika kana notarial wechinhu kwema umo zvibvumirano chokuita foreclosure, vakapinda simba chete pashure ivo kunyoresa.

mutemo yokugara

The chikuru pokutungamirira kukura kwayo muna XIV-XVI emakore akanga asiri chete pakuwedzera denderedzwa venhaka, asiwo asunga kwavo pfuma kodzero. Uye izvi vakabatsira zvikuru itsva Code muMutemo muna 1550. Muchidimbu inokosha chinzvimbo mutemo nhaka zvinogona akagadzira sezvinotevera: zvinobvira kuita kuda chero nhengo yemhuri. Chikamu chiri kunyora, uye ipapo akati pamberi mumwe mabharani uye posluhov.

Denderedzwa venhaka panguva mutemo, kuti ipapo yaisanganisira vana uye yokupona vakaroorana. Asi mune zvimwe zviitiko, uye dzimwe hama dzakanga mariri. Somuenzaniso, kana akasvika nhaka Estates. chikamu chacho chepfuma aizowana chete vanakomana avo, uyo akararama panguva musoro wemhuri akafa mumba make. Hama dzaiva nhaka zvienzane mugove. Kana mhuri vakanga vasina vanakomana chete, asi vanasikana, yokupedzisira vasina kodzero yacho.

zuva St. George

Previous mitemo chokuita inonzi yakapedza vanhuwo zvavo kubva mumwe musha kuenda kune mumwe, uyewo kubva kare kusvika muridzi itsva, akauya Mutemo 1550. Varimi dzakabvumirwa kuti kutama chete zvachose kunorondedzerwa nguva nguva - ari kuwa vhiki pamberi St. George paZuva uye nokuda chete nguva pashure pake. Izvi akavapa kodzero kusarudza muridzi zvakanaka, uye zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, vazhinji akarishandisa, kutamira kure zvakaipa wehondo.

Nei kufamba kwakadaro kwakaitika mumatsutso? Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti kana kukohwa yakatotanga akapedza kuchinja kubva murimi mudiki yekare tenzi itsva akava zvachose nyarara kuti vaviri. The chaiye nyika ukama bilateral muganhu nachiremba izvozvo. Somuenzaniso, muridzi haana kodzero kudzinga murimi pamwe nenyika yataihaya kukohwa uye vanhuwo zvavo, akavapindurawo, vaisagona kutiza hondo, regai kugadzirisa naye pashure kukohwa kwapera. Saka, apererwa nenguva yakajeka yakatogadzirwa nemurairo, umo mativi maviri aifanira kugadzirisa pamwe nemumwe.

tsotsi mutemo

With gwaro idzva wokurera Ivanom Groznym, vamwe mitemo kunge inini kuchinja. Yakanga asingasiyi, uye Criminal Law. Code Curse muna 1550, kusiyana yaimbovapo, akasarudzwa mhosva kwete sekudarika, kureva. E. Kushandiswa tsika kana zvinhu kukuvadzwa boka revanhu kana munhu, uye akatanga kubata naye uye mabasa asina murairo nako mamiriro. Saka, munhu mhosva kune asiri zvaidiwa mirau, mitemo, uyewo kukundikana kuteerera kuda wamambo.

kupatsanura kwokudarika

New Sudebnik vakatanga kushandisa systematization yezvigumbuso. On yokumusoro pamwero paiva Mhosva pamusoro mamiriro. Zvikurukuru izvi zvinosanganisira kwokumukira - munhu nekunyengera nyika yavo kana muchinda, vakaruka rangano, kukumbirwa nokuda kwebope kana kupanduka.

A notch pazasi vaiva malfeasance uye mhosva kwamaitira runyararo uye dare pacharo. Zvingava fufuro, counterfeiting, venhema mashoko, embezzlement pamusoro paruzhinji mari, uye zvichingodaro. N.

Paivawo mhosva yezvakaitwa pamusoro munhu. Izvi zvaisanganisira dzepabonde uye kuponda kana shoko. Ekupedzisira vaiva pfuma mhosva: kupambwa muranda, kuba, kupamba uye ugororo.

Nzira kubhadharira mhosva

Code Curse muna 1550 kuoma zvikuru negadziriro vairangwa kugumbusa mhosva, uyewo akasuma itsva - voga kutyityidzirwa ane mhosva. Chirango zvikuru zvinotyisa zvakanga Chokwadi, chirango rufu. Inogona chete kubvisa mambo. Kwazvo chirango aiva anonzi kutengeserana vaiurayiwa kana mumusika yaiungana mhosva arohwe. Used nezvimwe koporo kurangwa uye chlenovreditelskie.

Paivawo mamwe zvirango zvakadai fines kana zvimwe mari mirango. Vari zvakananga novimba munzanga yose wacho kwokuomerwa kudarika.

Saka zvishoma anotarira mukuru maitiro Sudebnik 1550. Mugwaro racho XVI remakore rinotsanangura nemashoko akadzama dzinokosha management of centralized Russian mamiriro. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muviri mutemo Ivana Groznogo harisi chete nhoroondo Monument, asiwo hwaro pamusoro iyo mutemo ano.