The American asitironati yokutanga Alan Shepard. Basa "Mercury-Redstone 3" May 5, 1961

Nokuti vazhinji unhu yakakurumbira munyika yacho ubanguranyika nzvimbo vari, Yuri Gagarin uye Neil Armstrong. Mumiririri Soviet Union kutanga vachimbundira muchadenga uye vakadzokera mupenyu, uye United States - yave yakawira pamusoro mwedzi.

Zvisinei, Armstrong - kwete American asitironati wokutanga. Ivo vanoonekwa kuti akasiyana zvachose munhu. Biography yake, basa uye basa ichakurukurwa munyaya.

Kugadzirira kusarudzwa muchadenga kunoongorora

Hapana chakavanzika kuti masimba maviri aiva chikuru vakwikwidzi panyaya nzvimbo kudziongorora. Mune US, dambudziko muzvirongwa Research centre Langley (Virginia). Zvisinei, kuwedzera pane mazano uye vachiisa kupinda nokushanda chitundumusere-musere, zvakanga zvakafanira kuti aumbe Boka muchadenga kunoongorora.

Kugadzirira ichi yakatanga November 1958. The boka US muchadenga kunoongorora rokutanga vaifanira kusarudzwa mumatanho dzakawanda. Pakutanga taida kusarudza chimwe namakumi mashanu musarudzo dziri zvishoma inonzwika apo kubva boka iri revanhu pamusana zvokurapa uye mupfungwa miedzo, uyewo kudzidzisa mwedzi mipfumbamwe. Somugumisiro wokusarudza kwaiva kuramba muchadenga kunoongorora matanhatu.

Chinokosha dzevamhan'ari kutsvaka musarudzo kwaiva chisarudzo President Dwight Eisenhower, uyo akaona chete akanakisisa musarudzo pakati bvunzo vezvikepe. Ava vakasarudzwa uye simbi.

kusarudza muchadenga kunoongorora

By pakutanga 1959 vakatanga kusarudzwa. Kutungamirirwa vanamazvikokota anotevera nzira:

• kukwirira - 180 cm;
• mumuviri ezvinhu akakwana;
• zera - kusvika makore makumi mana;
• dzidzo - hwokugadzira (Bachelor);
• dzidzo chaiyo - muedzo mutyairi wendege;
• kubhururuka ruzivo - kwete maawa asingasviki mazana gumi nemashanu.

Maererano izvi zvinodiwa, vamiririri vaibva NASA akasarudza 110 musarudzo, kwakazvarwa aisarudza boka iri uwandu vanhu 36 kuti aite mimwe miedzo. On kwemutemo nokungwarira zvokurapa uye mupfungwa kuongororwa vakabvumirana 32 musarudzo. Mumwe wavo deselected, saka Research Centre akasvika 31 mutyairi wendege. Uyezve vakasarudzwa zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo. Pakupedzisira, kuti vanachiremba akasarudza haana zvitanhatu, asi nomwe vanhu kuti kutiza.

Vezvikepe akadana muchadenga kunoongorora, uye mazita avo rinoziviswa 09.04.1959 gore. Pakati pavo aivawo American asitironati wokutanga.

nomwe yokutanga pamwe Alan Shepard

Vose muchadenga kunoongorora varume mhuri nedzidzo engineering, hwakanakisisa chaiko chimiro. mazera avo ranged kubva 32 kusvika 37 okuberekwa.

Mazita nomwe wokutanga aine uto chinzvimbo:

• Dzhon Glenn - Colonel.
• Gordon Cooper, Virgil Grissom, Donald Slayton - vakuru.
• Alan Shepard, Walter Schirra - mukuru namachinda makuru.
• Scott Carpenter - refutenendi.

Pakati pavo paiva nomumwe akanga paakavapa rechiratidzo rokuti "American asitironati wokutanga." Men vakatanga kugadzirira kutiza kutanga musi achishandisa Research Center iri Virginia, uye ipapo - muHouston (Texas). Mumwe mumiririri Group of Seven ine yayo specialization. The protagonist yacho akadzidza basa ruponeso uye Tracking enyika.

Education Shepard

Alan akaberekwa musi 18.11.1923 muguta Derry. Pazera 36, akava mumwe muchadenga kunoongorora nomwe vakasarudzwa NASA kuti aigarira nzvimbo kutiza. Munzira dzakawanda, ichi vakabatsira kuti dzidzo chaakapiwa.

Future asitironati Alan Shepard panguva yake kudzidza kubva Academy College of Admiral Farragut, Naval Academy aine mwero Bachelor of Science, Naval College.

Career flyer

Mushure kuwana tsvimborume wacho dhigirii, Alan Shepard akava mukuru muna Navy. Panguva ino, achiri nayo mberi Second World War, saka iye akanzi muparadzi, uye akatuma kupinda Pacific Ocean.

Muna 1947 iye kwaitsigirwa kuti mutyairi akanzi kuti dzechikwata pamapani-kuvaparadzi. Muna 1950 akapinda mutyairi bvunzo kuchikoro. Apedza kurovedzwa, aiitawo ndege nemiedzo, kusanganisira kuedza kuti kukura refueling wemuTesitamende mumhepo. Mumwedzi mishanu, yemberi cosmonaut yaiva murayiridzi kuti bvunzo vezvikepe.

Asati ava munhu asitironati, Shepard nendege kwemaawa anopfuura 8.000, iro 3700 rakaitwa pamusoro kwendege.

Career asitironati

The asitironati wokutanga American riri pakati nomwe musarudzo vari vakasarudzwa NASA muna 1959. Vakanga vachigadzirira chirongwa "Mercury". professionalism ake uye unhu akwanise kutanga vamiririri United States kusvika nzvimbo achibhururuka kumwedzi.

ndege yake yokutanga akaita muna 1961. Rwendo rwacho rwakanga pfupi, asi saka zvakakodzera kuti United States of America. Ship Kamudzira akanzi "Rusununguko 7".

Gare gare, muchadenga kunoongorora rakagadzirwa ive understudy G. Cooper pautumwa "Atlas 9". Muna 1963, iye aifanira kuenda "Atlas 10". Flight aifanira kupedza mazuva matatu, asi rakanga rarambidzwa. Pashure paizvozvo, tinosarudza wokutanga mutyairi wendege asitironati mungarava "Gemini". Kuva kudzidziswa, iye huchibva kuongororwa zvokurapa, somugumisiro kwaakanyaradzwa chirwere ane nzeve chirwere, kwakakanganiswa mabasa vestibular midziyo. Nokuda Meniere nehosha akanga ambomiswa kubhururuka kwemakore mashoma.

Kuti kudzokera kugadzirira kutiza, Shepard aifanira kuvhiyiwa pamusoro nzeve mhango. Zvakanga vakabudirira, uye muchadenga kunoongorora vakadzokera basa basa.

Sezvo sorokasemiletnim mutyairi, mukuru panguva iyoyo, NASA asitironati Alan akaita upenyu hwake wechipiri muchadenga kutiza. Akagadzwa mutungamiri "Apollo 14". Akaita chetatu ibudirire US basa kumwedzi. Zvino nguva kubva January 31 kusvika February 9, 1971.

"Mercury-Redstone" Alan Shepard

Maererano chirongwa "Mercury" kutiza Alan Shepard akava wokutanga abudirire pakuparurwa ane aigarira chitundumusere-musere. Akanga akatunhidzwa keriya chitundumuseremusere "Redstone-3." Kamudzira aigona dzinokwira kuti kukwira pamusoro 186? Km uye yakawira mvura United States Atlantic landfill. Iyi nzvimbo rakava ari chinhambwe 486? Km kubva pakutanga pokutangira.

Kusiyana ndege Yuriya Gagarina, uyo akakwanisa of circumnavigate Nyika iri muchadenga kwayo, May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard yakasvika nzvimbo chete pashure pokupedza zvishoma kupfuura gumi maminitsi kutizirako. Akava munhu wechipiri munyika anenge asvika dzakakwirira akadaro.

ndege zvinangwa

Huru US Chinangwa chaiva kuti mberi muchadenga ubanguranyika kune dzimwe nyika, kunyanya Soviet Union. "Mercury" chirongwa hunosanganisira Implementation imwe chinangwa. Kunobudirira aiva pakuparurwa wegadziriro, "Mercury-Redstone 3", umo Shepard aiva.

Chinangwa chikuru ndege:

• ruzivo Preparation aigarira chitundumusere-musere panguva kanda, dzinofambiswa kutiza, hauremi ezvinhu, uye kupinda mhepo uye kumhara.
• Kunyatsoongorora mutyairi mikana chitundumusere-musere kuzvidzora, izwi kukurukurirana panguva kutiza.
• Kudzidza kwevanhu Kupindura muchadenga kutiza anonyanya vasiri.
• Tinogona achiwana ane asitironati uye chitundumusere-musere.

Noupenyu asitironati basa pashure chikoro

Pamugumo ake zvinobhururuka basa, Alan Shepard, ane Biography ichaongororwa munyaya, vaiita nevamwe. Muna 1971 akava nhumwa kuti UN General Assembly. Panguva iyoyowo, Akagamuchira doctorate mu sayenzi dzinongoitika uye nevanhu.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, pamwechete venhau vaviri, yakakurumbira asitironati akabudisa bhuku "Flight kuna Moon." In wake tsananguro pakarepo akasika wepaterevhizheni.

Shepard akafa musi 21.07.1998 pazera-manomwe nemashanu. Chinokonzera rufu mazhinji chirwere - neleukemia. vhiki shanu gare gare akafa, uye mukadzi wake Louise. mitumbi yavo cremated uye madota vakapararira mugungwa.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro asitironati uye ndege

Basa, iyo wakapindwa Alan, ainzi "Mercury". The zita akasarudzwa mukukudza eRoma rengano chisikwa, ndiye nhume vanamwari uye vaichengetedza wezvokutengeserana. In Washington, basa racho zita kushandisa 12.10.1958 gore.

Vakasarudzwa vaida muchadenga ndege kunzi muchadenga kunoongorora. The zita akasarudzwa Ringanidzo pamwe Argonauts mungano yechiGiriki uyo nechikepe kuti "Golden Fleece" uye aeronaut, kureva balloonists.

Pamberi kutiza, Alan akagadzwa kuzviomesera zvokudya. Iye akagadzira pachake Chef. Somuenzaniso, kwamangwanani yaisanganisira orenji muto, semolina, mazai, Strawberry jamhu uye kofi pamwe shuga. The mazita ndiro zvakasiyana. Chef kugadzirira mumwe kushumira nokuda asitironati, uye pazuva rechipiri akaramba mufiriji kana matambudziko ari kuwedzera zvomudumbu turakiti.

Rimwe zuva asati kutiza kofi kubva Muterere chabviswa nokuda kwayo diuretic uye kunobatsira.

ari asitironati Asati atanga ndakati: "Regai sikuruwa nayo, Shepard." Vezvenhau vakawedzera zvishoma izvozvo, kutaura shoko raMwari. se "munamato" hwakataurwa vezvikepe zhinji kubva ikozvino.

Mutyairi iri mune motokari Kamudzira maawa 5 uye maminitsi 15, asi ndege yaiva maawa chete maviri nehafu. Zvikonzero kunonoka vakanga hwokugadzira hitches uye akaonekwa ramakore, nokuda izvo vangasawana mifananidzo Pasi zvakanaka kubva muchadenga. Ship zvakatanga panguva maawa 9 uye maminitsi 34. Iye akatarisa vanoiona mamiriyoni 45 muUnited States.

Yokutanga kuedza kusvika pezvakasikwa harina yagara vabudirira. Zvinopa zvose zvakaoma chaizvo. Saka, NASA, kusarudza zvikuru yakakodzera vaida kutiza, haana kufunga kwavo muupenyu vasiri zvavanoda. Kureva muna chitundumusere-musere kukwanisa kuvasunungura pachavo. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, Shepard aitofanira kuzviita sutu panguva kutiza.