Cannibalization - chii ichi? Policy collectivization muna USSR: zvinokonzera, muitiro nemigumisiro

Kana tikataura nyore uye muchidimbu, dispossession - vakawanda kutorerwa pfuma pakati vanhuwo zvavo vari 30s remakore rapfuura, izvo pane mamiriyoni evanhu uye yemberi. Zvino izvi zviri kuwanikwa kuti zvisiri pamutemo, zvakakodzera kuti vanonetswa kukuvadza.

Tanga dispossession

Cannibalization, kureva yezve kulak murimi mudiki anogona kushandisa nyika, kuti kutorerwa zvokurarama kugadzirwa, "yemuraudzo" management, kwakaitika mumakore collectivization.

Kuvamba aigona kunzi musi nokusaina (30/01/1930) Politburo Chisarudzo (b). Inosimbisa Maitiro uye mazita matanho kubvisa kulak mapurazi munzvimbo umo collectivization.

Zvisinei, chaiko dispossession rakatanga ipapa. Lenin akaita mitsara nezvokudiwa kurwisa vapfumi varimi sezvo mangwanani sezvo 1918. Panguva iyoyo mumatare anokosha dzakatangwa, raisanganisira mashoko kutorerwa midziyo, nyika uye zvokudya.

"Zvibhakera"

collectivization Gwaro zvokuti unhu kuti kuwa pasi payo uye yakabudirira vanhuwo zvavo, uye zviri kure kubudirira kwevanhu.

Chinokosha negurumwandira vanhuwo zvavo vakatambura kubva vakamanikidzwa collectivization. Cannibalization - iri nokumunyima youpfumi yayo kwete chete. Pashure pokuparadzwa vanhuwo zvavo vakadzingwa, vaidzvinyirirwa tine mhuri yose, pasinei nezera. Vacheche uye vakwegura dziri aitaura nokusingaperi kuSiberia, ari Urals, Kazakhstan. All "kulaks" vaimirira rokumanikidzirwa. Kazhinji, dispossession muSoviet Union akanga akaita mutambo apo mitemo vari dzichichinja. Special vatama akanga asina kodzero - mamwe mabasa.

Ndiani semunhu "kulaks" akasarudza kuti hurumende yeSoviet pasina kutongwa. Unogona kubvisa munhu akanga asiri sezvo noushamwari kana kuuya apesane nezviremera zvomunzvimbo.

The kutombonaka zvinoshanda vanhu zvisingadiwi uyo aita "kwakanyanyisa" zvavakashandira zvakaoma pasina kufarirwa vashandi. Pakutanga vakadaidzwa "vanhuwo zvavo pakati" uye vamwe nguva havana kubata. Gare gare ivo vakanga pana muvengi pamwe nemigumisiro vanhu.

Zviratidzo kulak mapurazi

Zviratidzo ayo dzakanga dzakanyorwa kuti kuziva miedzo kulak kurima (SNK 1929). Pakati pavo paiva zvinotevera:

• Kushandiswa unokubatira basa mumabasa zvokurima uye mamwewo.
• Kuvapo ari muridzi wenyika chigayo murimi mudiki mafuta zvigayo, muchero yakaoma uye miriwo, zvimwe zvokuimba midziyo kuti injini.
• Kuita pamusoro zvose zvigadziriswe yacho.
• Lease dzinoita kuti pekugara.
• Chidzidzo zvokutengeserana mabasa, Mediation, kutambira unearned mari.

The zvinokonzera dispossession

Zvikonzero zvakadaro yakaoma wokuti zviremera iri nyore chaizvo. Agriculture kwagara kuchiunza zvokudya nyika. Kuwedzera basa iri rinokosha, rinogona kubatsira mari kwemaindasitiri rikurumidze. Zvakanyanya kuoma kutsungirira kuwanda diki, yakazvimirira mapurazi. Zviri nyore zvikuru kuti kushandisa vakawanda guru. Saka, munyika collectivization rakatanga. The chinangwa ichi - kuti aite mugovanisi Kushandurwa musha. kunyange chaizvo mazuva dzakatangwa ayo vabudirire Implementation. The kunonyanyisa izwi rayo Implementation - 5 makore (vasiri zviyo nzvimbo).

Zvisinei, iye asingagoni zvaitika pasina dispossession. Kuti akapa hwaro pakusika seboka uye ehurumende kumapurazi.

Cannibalization - ndiyo kubviswa vanopfuura 350 000 mapurazi, yaparadzwa pakati 1930. Pamwero wenyika 5-7% pakati uwandu nomumwe mapurazi Nhamba chaiyo yakanga 15-20%.

Maitiro musha collectivization

Collectivization yakagamuchirwa vanogara mumisha yakasiyana. Vanhu vakawanda havanzwisisi kuti chii chinogona kuunza, uye kwete chaizvoizvo kuti cannibalization ichi. Kana vanhuwo zvavo vakasvika mhirizhonga iyi uye vanodzvinyirirwa, vaironga okutsutsumwa.

Vamwe wakaora vanhu achiparadza pachavo purazi rake uye vakauraya kurovedzera achimiririra hurumende yeSoviet. Kudzvinyirira vanomumukira chaibatanidzwa Red Army.

Stalin akaziva kuti muitiro aigona kukuvadza mukurumbira wayo uye kuva enyika dambudziko, akanyora imwe nyaya "Pravda". Mairi, akashora zvakasimba chisimba uye mhosva vatambi veko. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti nyaya haina zvainanga kuchaitwa kusaruramisira, uye zvakanyorwa nokuda kwake vapore. Nechekare ne 1934, pasinei kurwisa kuti vanhuwo zvavo kupinda mumapurazi kunge kutendeuka 75% of wacho mapurazi.

zvabuda

Dispossession - Maitikiro acho anenge zvirema zvaitika mamiriyoni evanhu. Zvapupu zvakaona kuyeuka sei kutumira mune chihombe mhuri Link kuti vaigara pamwe chete kwezvizvarwa. Dzimwe nguva vaiva kusvika vanhu 40 uye yaisanganisa vanakomana, navanasikana, vazukuru uye vazukuru chibvi. All nhengo dzemhuri vakashanda zvakaoma kuti vave upfumi hwavo. Akatora zvitadzo zvose simba akauya pasina zvikasawanirwa. VomuSouth yadzikira kwemakore 11 vanhu mamiriyoni 10 ne. Izvi imhaka zvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Muna 1932-1933 vakanga vari kuziya kuti vanhu vanoda kusvika mamiriyoni 30. Umo chinokura gorosi (Kuban, Ukraine), vaiva mukuru vakaurayiwa. Nzara yakauraya-siyana zvinofungidzirwa mashanu mamiriyoni manomwe. Vazhinji vakafa nhapwa kubva rakaoma basa, zvokudya zvinovaka muviri uye kuchitonhora.

Nemashoko kwoupfumi, izvi hazvirevi kuva riwedzere kuti kukura zvokurima. Mukupesana, migumisiro zvairwadza collectivization. Pakave rakapinza kuderera kwenhamba mombe ne 30%, uwandu nguruve uye makwai akanga kuderedzwa 2 nguva. Grain firimu, dzinozivikanwa munyaya inokosha kunze kwenyika reRussia, vakaurawa 10%.

Varimi evoruzhinji pfuma, se "munhu SWEDERA". vashandi New yaishanda slipshod nenzira, rikabudirira kuba uye kusagona.

To musi, zvose kukanganiswa dispossession aiziva sezvo vanonetswa enyika udzvanyiriri. Zviremera Local zvitaure kufunga uye kuita zvisarudzo pamusoro kukuvadza rehabilitated vagari. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira mashoko. Under mutemo Russian, unogona kushandisa kwete rehabilitated vagari, asiwo dzavo, masangano munharaunda uye anovimbwa munhu.