The Great Patriotic War: nhanho hondo

The Great Patriotic War, matanho kuti chatichakurukura munyaya ino - chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma miedzo dzakaitika kuti rawira Ukrainians, vokuRussia, Belarusians uye navamwe vanhu vanogara Soviet Union. Izvi mazuva 1,418 uye nousiku nokusingaperi kuramba munhau sendarama ropa uye utsinye nguva.

The chikuru zvokukura Guru Patriotic War

Periodization of Second World War zviitiko zvinogona kuitwa kwakavakirwa hunhu kuitika panguva mberi. In siyana nguva yehondo, tanga vaiva mauto siyana.
Zvokukura Hondo Yenyika II, vakawanda kare mashoko sezvinotevera:

• kubva June 22 kusvika November 18, 1941 (Pasika 1 Mukuru Patriotic War);
• kubva 19 November 1941 kusvikira pakupera 1943 (Pasika 2 Great Patriotic War);
• kubva January 1944 kusvika May 1945 (3rd pavaipfuura Great Patriotic War).

The Great Patriotic War: kwekutevera

Mumwe nomumwe Guru Patriotic War ine maitiro ayo, izvo chokuita nzvimbo kurwa, kushandisa mifananidzo itsva zvombo uye zvakanakira mumwe wemauto. Ndinoda kutanga kutaura nzendo Great Patriotic War zvishoma.

• Paunotanga kurwa rakanga dzinoratidzwa zvizere chirongwa yeNazi mauto. Panguva ino, mauto aHitler zvizere kubatikana Belarus, Ukraine, uye akapotsa yakasvika Moscow. Mauto Soviet Chokwadi, kusvika nepanogumira mano avo akatambura, asi nguva dzose ichidzokera. Huge kubudirira Red Army panguva iyoyo yaiva akunda Moscow. Asi vose, kurwisa German mberi. Vakakwanisa kutora mazhinji Caucasus, ndaburuka zvinenge kune ano kumiganhu muBosnia, muChechnya, Grozny asi akatadza kutora vaNazi. Hondo pakati 1942 zvinokosha akatora nzvimbo pamusoro Crimean mberi. Stage 1 akagumisa Hondo Stalingrad.
• Danho rechipiri Great Patriotic War, Red Army vakauya nani. Pashure pokukunda pana Stalingrad, hondo Paurosi mauto eSoviet akamuka ezvinhu zvakanaka nokuda rusununguko inogumbura. Pakumedura Kukombwa pakati Leningrad, Hondo Kursk mukuru kurwisa fronts zvose panguva akajekesa kuti mauto aHitler kuchaita tichikufunga kurasikirwa hondo.
• Mumazuva okupedzisira nguva yehondo Red Army munguva tsamwisa mberi. Kurwa kwakaitika kare pasi muna Ukraine uye Belarus. Iyi yakanga dzinoratidzwa kunofambira mberi chinotangira of Red Army kusvikira kumavirira uye kunotyisa kurwisa muvengi. Iri ndiro yokupedzisira Danho iri Second World War yakaguma mukukunda pamusoro muvengi.

Zvinokonzera Hondo Yenyika II vane periodization

Zvokukura Guru Patriotic War, kana nani kutanga kwayo uye pakupedzisira, kwakaratidzwa zvimwe zviitiko anokosha, hondo, izvo akapinda nhoroondo yenyika. Chakarebesa yaiva nguva hondo yokutanga. Zvikonzero ichi ndeinotevera:

• kushamiswa kurwisa romuvengi;
• Kurwisa aungana mauto nechemberi yekudyidzana akatambanudza nendima;
• kusavapo ruzivo yehondo muuto reSoviet;
• youkuru uto reGermany iri rwokugadzira michina.

Kumisa kufambira mberi muvengi zvakazara vakakwanisa chete pakazopera 1942. Chikonzero chikuru kuti kubudirira Red Army munguva yehondo yechipiri inogona kunzi:

• ari heroism nemasoja Soviet;
• ukuru uwandu Red Army pamusoro muvengi;
• Zvinokosha mberi mauto eSoviet mukugadzirwa mazwi (the kwaita Matangi itsva uye zvivako Anti ndege, etc.).

Chechitatu pavaipfuura hondo yakanga yakareba chaizvo. The huru mutsauko pakati 2nd uye 3rd zvokukura vemauto remapazi kuzorwa nemauto yechiFascist German anomirirwa pakuti muna 1944, ari kwacho rehondo rakapararira kubva Russia kuUkraine uye Belarus, kuti kurondwa kufambira mberi kusvikira kumavirira. The yokupedzisira pavaipfuura Great Patriotic War yakatora kupfuura gore, nokuti chitundumusere-musere chaiva chokusunungura yose muUkraine uye Belarus, uyewo kunyika Eastern Europe.

Battle 1941

Muna 1941, nzvimbo Soviet Union, sezvo kare akasimbisa, zvakanga zvakaoma. Kurwisa inifanduri uye motorized zvikamu nevaNazi mauto tatambura Belarus uye Lithuania. June 22, akatanga kwokudzivirira Brest Fortress. VaNazi aitarisira zvakaitika revarwi vairinda uyu zvikuru nokukurumidza kupfuura vakabudirira. mazuva anoverengeka hasha kurwisana, uye yokupedzisira Kuregwa Brest akatora chete 20 July 1941. Uyewo mumazuva iwayo vokuGermany vakanga mberi yakananga Siauliai uye Grodno. Ndokusaka June 23-25, USSR hondo vakatamira nemirayiridzo izvi kuti inogumbura.

Nzendo Great Patriotic War muna 1941 yokutanga yakaratidza kuti kukurira muvengi pasina kuenda Red Army asingagoni. Saka mukuru aiva yakakuwandira kwevaNazi! Sei waiva shure mumwedzi iri hondo yokutanga? It akapfuura pamwe kurwa. Uyewo, mauto chikwata uye vaKomonisiti, kuti maximize aomerwe noupenyu muvengi kuchera kwezvivako nzvimbo kuti hazvigoni akatizira outiziro. Strong Army nemishonga aishamwaridzana kudikanwa tizai neshure zvinokosha kugadzirwa munyika.

Pakati hondo pakukura 1941 zvinokosha kuziva kuti Kiev kuzvidzivirira oparesheni, kubvira July 7 September 26, uye hondo nokuda Moscow (30 September 1941 - April 1942). Uyewo basa rinokosha munhoroondo Hondo Yenyika II basa kudzivirira Odessa uye heroism vengarava Soviet.

1942 muHondo Yenyika II munhoroondo

The kutanga kwekupwanyiwa Guru Patriotic War akaratidza Hitler kuti mauto eSoviet kukurira izvozvo chete haazobudiriri. Not mudzidziso muupenyu yayo inokosha chinangwa kubata Moscow pamberi chando 1941. Asati May 1942 akaenda wemauto tsamwisa mauto eSoviet, iro rakatanga aine December 1941 pedyo Moscow. Asi kurwisa uku yakamiswa nevaNazi panguva Kharkov bridgehead, apo guru boka revarwi akanga akakomba uye vakarasikirwa hondo.

Pashure paizvozvo, mauto eGermany yakatanga inogumbura, saka akadzokera varwi veSoviet vaifanira kuyeuka kuzvidzivirira zviito. Hitler aiziva kuti zvaizova zvakaoma vabate Moscow, saka brunt weguta akatuma rokufananidzira zita Stalingrad.

Uyewo kushingaira tsamwisa nevaFascist vakatora nzvimbo pamusoro Crimean bridgehead. Kutsigira Sevastopol kusvikira July 4, 1942. Kubva July kuna November zvinoshingaira kuzvidzivirira zviito akatungamirira Red Army pana Stalingrad uye Caucasus. Kutsigira Stalingrad akapinda yenhau nhoroondo muenzaniso heroism uye invincibility nemasoja Soviet. guta rakaparadzwa zvachose pachake, akapona dzimba shoma, asi vaNazi havana kukwanisa kuitora. 1 pavaipfuura Great Patriotic War yakanga akahwina nokuda SC pana Stalingrad uye kutanga tsamwisa yeSoviet. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe sectors vachiri kuenda azvidzivirire, asi pakachinja muhondo yatosvika.

Danho rechipiri Great Patriotic War

Iyi yakatora kwerinenge gore. Chokwadi, zvakare, paiva nematambudziko akawanda muna 1943, asi muna mukuru chinotangira mauto edu asingachagoni kurega. Nguva nenguva, vaNazi yakatamira kurwiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo, asi Mukuru Patriotic War, matanho, hondo yatiri kukurukura, vakatamira hurumende kana zvaiva pachena kuti Germany aizopedzisira kurasikirwa muhondo.

"Ring" mashandiro yakapedzwa musi February 2, 1943. Hondo General Paurosi airarama. January 18 gore rino, aikwanisa pakupedzisira kupaza blockade kuti Leningrad. Mazuva ano, vari Red Army yakatanga inogumbura yakananga Voronezh uye Kaluga. Voronezh akanga retaken kubva muvengi musi 25 January. The tsamwisa yakaramba. Muna February 1943, achisimudzira Voroshilovgrad inogumbura. Zvishoma nezvishoma, Red Army anoenda kusunungurwa Ukraine, kunyange zvazvo vose veguta vakanga vamutye nevaNazi. March 1943 kusunungurwa akarangarira Vyazma neuto pakaunda-tsamwisa kuna Hitler muna Donbas. Mauto edu pakupedzisira kurarama kurwisa uku, asi vaNazi vakakwanisa yakati kudzora kufambira mberi revarwi Soviet vanyura Ukraine. Kurwisa pamusoro bridgehead ichi rwakatora kupfuura mwedzi. Pashure paizvozvo, chikuru muupenyu kurwa iri kuchinjirwa Kuban nokuti vakabudirira kusimudzirwa pamusoro West tinoda kusunungurwa kubva muvengi nzvimbo Krasnodar uye Stavropol kumatunhu. Active hondo munzvimbo iyi vaiva inenge mwedzi mitatu. The tsamwisa yakanga rakaoma nokuda napedyo pamakomo uye chakaitwa nendege muvengi.

Chechipiri hafu 1943

In nhoroondo Second World War muna July 1943 nezvarinomiririra. Panguva iyi, kwaiva 2 zviitiko zvinokosha chaizvo. njere German inzwiwe raiva nechokuita chikuru tsamwisa mauto eSoviet. Asi hazvina kuzivikanwa chaizvo apo acharwisa. Chokwadi, Soviet mukuru vemauto vakuru vaiziva kuti vasori German uchishanda vazhinji chitundumusere-musere zvivako (pamwe Soviet muGermany), saka vaifanira kubvumirwa mukufamba tisare. July 5 kurwisana Kursk. VaNazi aitarisira kuti kuhwina hondo iyi, ivo zvakare achaenda pamusoro inogumbura. Hongu, vaigona vakaomerwa kufamba, asi kazhinji, hondo isina akahwina, saka mumazuva 20 July 1943 Danho rechipiri Great Patriotic War zvasvika yepamusoro unhu kwayo. Uye chii chakanga chinokosha chiitiko chechipiri? Usakanganwa imwe hondo pa Prokhorovka? On munda pedyo nomusha iyi maiva ari tamboita panguva tangi kurwa kuti vakasiya nokuda Soviet Union.

Kutangira August 1943 kusvikira wechando muna 1943/1944 wacho. The Red Army anosunungura guta kunyanya kuUkraine. Zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo kukunda muvengi munharaunda Kharkov, asi mangwanani August 23, 1943 Soviet hondo akakwanisa kupinda muguta. Zvino ndakaenda akatevedzana vasabatanidzwe maguta kuUkraine. Muna September 1943, chitundumusere-musere vakapinda Donetsk, Poltava, Kremenchug, Sumy. Muna October mauto edu akasunungura Dnipropetrovsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Melitopol uye dzimwe yakapoteredza maguta.

Battle nokuti Kyiv

Kiev aiva mumwe maguta anoverengeka sokuronga zvinokosha USSR. yevanhu veguta isati hondo akauya 1 miriyoni. Man. Mumakore ose Second World War, yava yakaderera nezvikamu kashanu. Asi zvino chinhu chikuru. Red Army nguva vachigadzirira kubatwa pamusoro Kiev, nekuti guta rino yakanga zvikuru nokuda nevaNazi. Nokuti kubatwa pamusoro Kiev vaifanira kuyambuka Dnieper. Battle nokuti rwizi, chiratidzo Ukraine, zvakatanga musi 22 September. Kumanikidza pemipata chaizvo chaizvo, vazhinji masoja edu akafa. Muna October, murayiro akaronga kuedza kutora Kiev. Chinonyanya dzinokodzera ichi raiva Bukrinsky bridgehead. Asi urongwa izvi zvakazivikanwa vokuGermany, saka vakakanda rebei simba pano. Kiev tora Bukrin bridgehead vakava zvisingabviri. ruzivo yedu akave nokugamuchira basa kuwana imwe nzvimbo kuzorwisa muvengi. Zvakazoonekwa kuti zvikuru Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri Lyutezhsky midzi, asi kuti kukanda mauto akanga zvazviri zvakaoma chaizvo. Nekuti Kiev aifanira kutora pamberi chinotevera gore yaNovember 7, murayiro Hondo Kiev asarudza kukanda mauto ayo kubva Bukrin musi Lyutezhsky bridgehead. In chokwadi kuronga ichi zvechokwadi havana kutenda chinhu nekuti ndaiva zvisingazivikanwi muvengi, pasi usiku, kaviri kuyambuka Dnieper uye kutyaira refu panyika. Chokwadi, zvakawanda Nokurasikirwa akatambura chitundumusere-musere, asi nenzira yakasiyana kutora Kiev zvakanga zvisingaiti. kosi iyi vatungamiriri vemauto Soviet vabudirire. Red Army akakwanisa kusvika Kiev mangwanani November 6, 1943. Kurwa nokuda Dnieper dzimwe sectors nechemberi dzakapfuura rinenge kusvikira pakupera kwegore. With KA kukunda muhondo iyi kwechikuva wokutanga Great Patriotic War.

Hondo iri 1944- 1945 biennium.

The yokupedzisira pavaipfuura Great Patriotic War yakatanga Kirovograd inogumbura. On January 8, guta Kirovohrad akanga vasunungurwa. Uyewo January, mauto eSoviet vakabudirira kuitwa chinhu inogumbura muna Korsun-Dzhafarova District (Cherkasy mudunhu muUkraine), uyewo anoda chose vasunungurwa Kiev uye Zhitomir nharaunda.

The mukunopera Hondo Yenyika II yakanga yakaitwa kuti heroism mauto edu zvinogoneka chete kuonga. In yokutanga yezana 1944 zvakanga akasunungurwa anenge ose Right-Bank Ukraine uye Crimea. The mukunopera Hondo Yenyika II aizivikanwa rimwe pakukura zvose makore kurwisa Pazvinotanga of Red Army. Tiri kutaura Proskurov-Bukovina uye uman-botoşani tsamwisa, izvo kwakaguma pakuguma April 1944. Zvinenge nharaunda yose kuUkraine chete kupera remapazi izvi kwave akasunungurwa, kudzorerwa Republic pashure inonetesa kurwa.

Red Army mu hondo nokuda miganhu USSR

The Great Patriotic War, pamatanho tiri kufunga nhasi, ari kuuya ayo vatiwo. Sezvo April 1944, mauto eSoviet zvishoma nezvishoma vanotanga bvikinyidza vaNazi munharaunda kuti kutanga hondo dzaiva vatsigiri vavo (eg Romania). Uyewo vanoshingaira vaimbopota vakatora nzvimbo iri munharaunda Polish. Muna 1944, vakawanda zviitiko vaiva rechipiri mberi. Apo Germany yevaivamanikidza vakava chisingadzivisiki, hondo maziso zvinobatanidzwa vatsigiri USSR Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa. Kurwisana Greece, Sisiri, pedyo Mariana Islands, muna Asia - vose nezvezvandaifanira mukuwana Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa pakurwisa Fascism.

3 zvokukura Guru Patriotic War yakapera May 9, 1945. Zuva iroro, marudzi ose yaimbova Soviet Union vanopemberera zvikuru zororo - Victory Day.

Migumisiro Guru Patriotic War

The Great Patriotic War, izvo nzendo Kurwa vaiva zvachose nomusoro, kwakaguma anenge makore 4 pashure pakutanga. Akanga zvikuru utsinye uye ropa kupfuura First World War, izvo yakaguma muna 1918.

Migumisiro unogona kukamurwa 3 mapoka Economic, enyika uye ethnographic. Ari mundima rakazvipira, akaparadza yakawanda makambani. Chikamu zvinomera uye mafekitari akabviswa uye zvose akadzoka. Maererano nemaitiro zvakachinja chaizvoizvo gadziriro yose upenyu munyika, yakanga yakaumbwa zvitsva kumiganhu. Zvishoma nezvishoma akavaka mutsva kuchengeteka wemuTesitamende Europe uye pasi rose. New UN rava rubatso kuchengeteka. Munguva yehondo, vanhu vakawanda vakafa, saka zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vadzorere yevagari.

The chikuru zvokukura Mukuru Patriotic War, uye paiva matatu, akaratidza kuti kuhwina nyika guru zvakadaro neSoviet Union, hazvibviri. Hurumende iri zvishoma nezvishoma zvichiitika kubva dambudziko, kuvakazve. Munzira dzakawanda, kukurumidza kupora hwenyika yose USSR nokuda umhare kuedza vanhu.