Stinks - chinhu akasununguka murume ari muvanhu yekare

Old Russian mamiriro rakaumbwa muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe, muitiro waro inotungamirwa yakanga zvinosiyana shangu ukama bhizimisi, mberi kuomesa kwemarongerwe evanhu mamiriro, uye tsvina murimi mudiki - zviri chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvechadenga yaitonga.

Feudalisation nzanga yekare

Saka, kukura mavambo IX remakore kuRussia zveupfumi akaenda pachiruvi chayo. Nascent feudal ukama, chikuru kukosha raiva nyika uye vanhu kushanda pairi. The vemunharaunda dzedzinza apo wokushingaira rinotsemuka zvino mhuri zvikuru inokwanisa kugadzirisa nomunda, kunotsiviwa ne nharaunda vemunharaunda. pezvakaitwa kwakadaro kwakaitika pamusoro zvaiita munyika gavhuna uye nyika kodzero, zviri ikozvino vaiva nemhuri imwe chete. On co-muridzi kodzero vanhu kunakidzwa Mafuro, masango uye mafuro. Zvisinei, vakawanda pane tsika kutsausa izvi kuve yavo. Saka anotanga kuumba yagara pfuma private. Panyaya iyi, kumusoro evanhu manera vaikwira mhuri iwayo kwaiva guru varume, kugona kuwedzera zvavo mhuri munyika uridzi yekudyidzana. mhuri Same ine varume vashoma dzakamanikidzwa chisiri. Kunyanya vatungamiriri munyika-ichitora vakabudirira varwi.

The kuwedzera kuoma kwemarongerwe evanhu mamiriro

kuparadzirwa iyi nyika mari vanotozvikuvadza kwakatungamirira munzanga stratification pakati akasununguka kwevanhu pakutanga. Mhuri yakabudirira zvikuru akakurumidza kujairana itsva zveupfumi uye mabhizimisi nemamiriro uye aigona kuramba varimi vakasununguka, saka pane smerdy. Tsanangudzo iyi izwi kungaratidzwa ari okuti kuti vanhu, kuchengeteka pachavo uye zvoupfumi kuzvimirira munguva nokukurumidza kukura feudal ukama. Mukutanga feudal nguva vanhu ava vakanga vakawanda vanogaramo vanhu yekare. Zvisinei, pamwe mberi shanduka ari feudal ezvinhu, vakawanda vavo kurasikirwa mamiriro ichi, akatendeuka kuva rwakasiyana nemataundi kwevanhu mhando. Panguva imwe tsvina murimi mudiki - harisi chikamu homogenous munzanga, pakati pavo shoroma, akadana varume, uyewo "varwi" vaiva kuzoshanda uye vaifanira kupinda muhondo (a sine wave quá asiri yaiva kudiwa kushongedzera zvakazara pachavo weuto chiito).

varanda freemen

With nokusimbaradza ehurumende kwakawedzera uye ropafadzo strata. Sezvo feudal pfungwa kunoda kuramba kuvandudzika kubva anodzvinyirirwa vakawanda, nyika hombe varidzi vanova kuvaremedza vakawanda freemen. Naizvozvo, tsvina murimi mudiki - kwaiva rudzi kutyisidzira ramangwana zvakanaka pamusoro feudal Ishe, uye kare vakaedza nzira dzakawanda kutanga kuna vanhu hunotsigirwa pavo. Uye zvakaitika kakawanda Ichibatsirwa uye okunze. Kusakura, mafashamo, kusanaya kwemvura - mananara ose izvi zvakazoita kuti chokwadi chokuti kamwe ndakajeka upfumi serfs vakanga kuderera. Zvokudya zvekupa mhuri dzavo, vakamanikidzwa kutsvaka kubatsirwa feudal madzishe, uye saka akawira muusungwa mupfumi vomunyika. Nokuti akakwereta mari, mbeu nematurusi vaitofanira kubhadhara.

Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Chimwe chikamu chikwereti akapinda chibvumirano ane akakweretesa ( "nhamba" iri Old Russian transcription) uye vakashanda pariri dzimwe nguva yavo kuita kudaro chikwereti. Vanhu ava vainzi "ryadovichi". Chimwe chikamu chiri kuterawo kuti chikwereti ( "Coop" iri transcription yekare), asi aisagona kutiza akakweretesa kusvikira waita zvakazara dzosera pasi vakakwereta pfuma. vanhu vakadaro vanonzi "Zákupy."

Redefining

Kunyange zvakadaro, pashure achiziva murume akava vakasununguka zvakare. Tsvina murimi mudiki muRussia yekare - evanhu ichi chidimbu vaine chinzvimbo yaro feudal muvanhu. chinzvimbo ichi vaigona kurasika zvachose kana murume haana kukwanisa kuzadzisa ayo nemhiko, zvino inova muranda, ini disfranchised munhu, chete notch pamusoro muranda. Zvadaro, pamwechete nhoroondo kukura, shoko hachisisina pakutanga zvichinje. In Russia XVI-XIX emakore serf - a yokusaremekedza pakunzi vanhu Vakaderera, wakashandiswa madenderedzwa ari kwamachinda wokuRussia munzanga yacho.