Zhan Pol Vanya: pfupi Biography

Wenhau nhengo Convention Zhan Pol Vanya aiva mumwe kupfuura rakakurumbira uye anokwezva inofananidza rechiFrench Revolution. pepanhau ake "Shamwari the People" chinonyanya kukosha bhuku munguva yayo. Vanya, hapana mubvunzo, mubati pfungwa uye akaita vavengi vakawanda. Stormy nguva ikavamedza anozivikanwa publicist - akanga vakabayiwa rufu kubudikidza hwokunyanyisa mutsigiri webato muvengi.

zvokurapa basa

The ramangwana echimurenga Zhan Pol Vanya akaberekwa May 24, 1743 mutaundi Swiss pamusoro Boudry. baba vake aiva chiremba akakurumbira kuti achasarudza yemberi basa ari mukomana. Zhan Pol akasiyiwa runako mangwanani pasina vabereki, uye iye aiva jaya aifanira kutakura zvakazara akazvimirira upenyu. Akaramba kuchinja nzvimbo yake yaanogara uye nzira zvakaoma.

Makore gumi Zhan Pol Vanya chakabvaruka pakati Holland uye England. Akanga ari kuita chiremba uye munyori. Muna 1775 akava chiremba wemishonga nyanzvi pa University of Edinburgh. Uyezve, Vanya kwemakore masere aishanda ari chiremba ari muruvazhe Comte d'Artois - remangwana Mambo France, Charles X.

Kuvamba journalistic mabasa

Kwemakore 30 munyori yava kwazvo-anozivikanwa mumunda uzivi uye nharo pachena Voltaire. Akabudisa kwete mapepa kwesayenzi chete pamusoro physiology uye mishonga, asi akafarirawo mumagariro nyaya. Muna 1774, kunyorwa Vanya vaiva "nengetani youranda" - chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira uye dzakakurumbira netumabhuku nguva yake. Munyori hwaienzanirana mweya nguva - muWestern Europe, uye kunyanya muFrance, akakura antimonarchist manzwiro. Against ichi nechekumashure, mumwe publicist hwake guru zvakaziviswa kakawanda yarova etsinga murwere uye vanhu zvishoma pakuzivikanwa.

Zhan Pol Vanya akagadza pacharo sezvo unokosha nekuongorora kuti absolutism. Bone neChikomonisiti European akasarangarira kudzvinyirira uye mukuvhiringidza kukura kwenzanga. Vanya kwete chete kukanganisirwa poumambo, izvozvo munyaya muudzame nhoroondo Kushanduka absolutism yayo nezvimiro. Mu "Kunwa muuranda" ive nzira kune yechinyakare muoti anopa itsva maumbirwo vanhu zvakaenzana zveupfumi uye enyika kodzero. Pfungwa yake egalitarianism muverengwe chakatarisana nevakawanda zvino elitism.

A mutsoropodzi yekare

In maonero ake Zhan Pol Vanya vazhinji vakareurura wepachokwadi mutsigiri Rousseau. Panguva iyo mudzidzi akakwanisa kuva vamwe zvinofungwa mudzidzisi wake. Zvikuru basa nevafungi mubasa tsvakurudzo hondo pakati rekare feudal vakakwirira uye bourgeoisie, ari mutsigiri worupo pfungwa. Achiona kukosha makwikwi ichi, Vanya akasimbisa kuti nengozi kuti rugare rwepfungwa mu Europe ndiyo daka pakati pevapfumi nevarombo. Zviri munzanga kusaruramisira kunokonzera munyori akaona kukura dambudziko.

Vanya akanga kazhinji kupindirana murevereri aifarira-varombo, vanhuwo zvavo uye nevashandi. Zvinonzi nemhaka iyi yava saka iconic mufananidzo pakati leftist mapati. Makore akawanda gare gare echimurenga ichi achakudzwa muna USSR - zita rake richanzi migwagwa, uye Biography ake achava nyaya monographs zhinji.

"Shamwari of People"

Muna 1789, apo hurumende yakatanga muFrance, Vanya akatora pepanhau yake "Shamwari the People." Publicist pamberi akakurumbira, uye kugadzikana mumazuva ehurumende basa, akava dimikira zvikuru zvechokwadi kukura. Vanya akatanga kudana pachake "shamwari vanhu". In bepa ake, akashora hurumende dzose kuri kutsauka dzavo uye mhosva. Bhuku aigara pasi hurumende kufurirwa. Asi pose zvakaitika kudare, Vanya (kuroora processor) vanokwanisa kutiza nayo. pepanhau yake yakanga zvoupengo yakakurumbira pakati vashandi uye zviduku bourgeoisie muParis.

By bhuku zvakafanana achirohwa sechinhu umambo nemhuri youmambo, uye zvemarudzi ose vashumiri nenhengo National Assembly. "Shamwari Vanhu" akava mumwe anokosha zvikonzero akasiyana kupararira kukuru echimurenga pfungwa iri guru French. The pepanhau raiva zvokuti yakakurumbira kuti paiva kunyange mabhuku nyepera kuti akaedza kusvibisa naye kana kushandisa voruzhinji kutarisirwa.

Kuenda kumwe, uye kudzorerwa

Mumwe mwedzi vanoshingaira venhau vachiwedzera vavengi kuwana munhu Zhan Pol Vanya. Brief Biography of echimurenga muenzaniso kugara akavanda uye akavanda murume. Haana kwete chete zviremera asiwo vanonyanyisa siyana vanoedza pamusoro hwake. At kukwirira pokuchinja, sezvo chidzitiro akawira muna 1791, Vanya kunyange vakatama kuEngland.

Zvisinei, muLondon, wenhau aiva kusagadzikana - akashandisa kuva mukati merima zvinhu. Pashure penguva pfupi kusavapo akakurumbira publicist vakadzokera Paris. Maiva muna April 1792. Chinovira rwakatora asi makore mashoma yevagari nenyonganyonga nokuchinja vakakundikana kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu nevari vemo.

Kushanduka nemaonero

Vatori Vazhinji Great French Revolution, nguva vakachinja maonero avo. Ndaiva asingasiyi, uye Zhan Pol Vanya. tsanangudzo pfupi pamusoro Kushanduka zvaanotenda iri. In padariro rokutanga chimurenga Vanya waitsigira pakuchengetedza umambo munzira duku uye dispersal of National Assembly. Uyezve, zviri anozvidza pfungwa Republican hurongwa. Muna July 1791, mambo akaedza kutiza, pakutanga mumwe manyawi, uye mumwe kuratidzira, kunyange akapfurwa. Pashure pechiitiko ichi, mupepeti "Shamwari of People" zvasungwa vatsigiri pekuparadzwa ikoko pamusoro Bourbons.

Apo Louis akasungirwa mumwe kuedza kutiza nyika, Vanya vaishora chido vakawanda kubata namambo pasina kutongwa. dhureni mutongi paakaedza pfungwa kudiwa kutevedza mumatare chokungoitawo kuongorora mhosva mambo. Vanya akakwanisa kupesvedzera Convention uye kuti kumutsa mubvunzo chirango pamusoro rwakapetwa-chikumbiro vhoti. 387 kubva 721 vevatariri vakanga vachida kuurayiwa Louis.

Pakurwisana Girondins

Kubvira pakutanga kwayo, Chibvumirano yaida zvakadaro kunoshamisa vakurukuri vakaita Zhan Pol Vanya. Photos mumazuva iwayo haapo, asi mumwe chete mifananidzo uye pepanhau clippings pachena sei akakwanisa kubvuta pfungwa paruzhinji. Simba rerunziro rinozvarwa Gwaro akaratidza imwe nyaya. Vose echimurenga vemapato Vanya akasarudza uye vakatsigira Montagnards, uyo kubva kusarudzwa kuti Convention. vavengi vavo Girondins vakanga pasi zuva kutsoropodzwa wenhau.

Vanya muvengi kunyange vakakwanisa akamuisa pamusoro muedzo vachiti Convention rava ugaro pakati yemabhuku-chimurenga. Zvisinei, mutevedzeri akakwanisa kushandisa kutongwa paruzhinji sezvo chikuva uye akaratidza pachavo umhandara hwavo. Girondins aidavira kuti nyeredzi Vanya kuda pakupedzisira kuvira kwezuva. Zvisinei, muna April 1793, pashure kuhwinha dare, kuti, nekusiyana, akaita kudzoka kukunda kuti chechi. Unsinkable uye pose pose kuti vaairarama raiva Zhan Pol Vanya. Muchidimbu, kana asina kukurumidza kufa, mugumo wake rakanga kwaizova zvakasiyana.

Mutungamiri Jacobins

Muna June 1793, akumbirwa akatsamwa vokuParis vevatariri Convention adzingwa Girondins. Power dzimwe nguva yakapfuura kuna Jacobins, kana pane vatatu vatungamiriri vavo - Danton, Vanya uye Robespierre. Ivo vakaenda enyika tsvimbo, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva kwayo kukuru kuzvipira nokutyora mutana feudal uye monarchical kurongeka.

The Jacobins vaiva vatsigiri chinotyisa, zvavakanga aionekwa rinofanirawo nzira kubudirira pazvinangwa zvavo zvematongerwe. In Paris, vakanga anonziwo "Society Shamwari reMitemo". At yepamusoro ayo vakawanda panguva Jacobin kunosanganisira kusvika 500,000 vatsigiri mhiri France. Vanya akanga asiri muvambi kufamba ichi, zvisinei, vakanamatira rakakurumidza akava mumwe vatungamiriri ayo.

wokuurayira

Pashure pokukunda kukunda pamusoro Girondins Vanya simba zvikuru utano. Iye yakarohwa zvikuru chamaperembudzi. Mishonga haana kubatsira, uye kuti zvimwe kuderedza kutambura kwavo, wenhau akatora kugeza nguva. Haana chete akanyora panzvimbo ino, asi kunyange akagamuchira vashanyi.

Zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, July 13, 1793 akauya Vanya Sharlotta Korde. Zvinosuruvarisa akuvara ake, iye aiva anotyisa mutsigiri Girondists. Mukadzi vakabayiwa kusimba uye asingabatsiri echimurenga. Bath, paakange akaurayiwa Zhan Pol Vanya, vanoratidzwa muMharidzo yake kupenda kubudikidza Jacques Lui David (mufananidzo wake "Kufa Vanya" yava imwe yakakurumbira mabasa ounyanzvi kuna kugadzikana yaitonga). muviri First anorasira mu wenhau. Pashure imwe nokuchinja simba muna 1795 zvakanzi vakatamira akangofananawo kumakuva. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi kupondwa Zhan Pol Vanya aiva mumwe guru yose Great French Revolution.