The Bronze Age: Parinotaura nguva kuumbwa. Human zvinhu yemhangura zera

Historical periodization rinozivisa nzendo dzakawanda kukura murume uye nzanga yevanhu. Munguva ichangopfuura, vanyori venhau dzakaitika, masayendisiti vaifungidzira kuti ibwe zera nokusingaperi yendarira akauya mumwe pashure perimwe. Asi kwete saka kare zvakanzi vakawana kuti pakanga nguva mukaha pakati pavo, rave semhosva yakakura "ndarira zera". Chii chaiva kuchinja maonero kare pamusoro zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja vavanhu kubva Stone Age kusvika Bronze? Chii akasiyanisa nguva iyi kubva vamwe uye ndezvipi zviri kuri mumashoko iyi emunhu? izvi zvose, verenga mberi.

The nguva furemu pamusoro Copper Age

Copper-ibwe zera, anozivikanwawo sokuti Chalcolithic, anobvawo munyika VI remakore BC uye kwakatora anenge 2000 apfuura. Nguva chakafanana iyi aiva yakasiyana zvichienderana nharaunda: uye muUnited States kumabvazuva, akatanga zvishoma apfuura kupfuura Europe. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kuziva wokutanga nendarira chinyakare murume akatanga anenge 3000 makore asati pakutanga nguva mubvunzo. Zvino pamusoro munharaunda East yekare. Pakutanga vatora zvinokosha amabwe nyoro, amenable kuti dombo iri kupfuura nesimba, kureva, kutonhora nokuchengetedza. Yakanga chete pashure zhinji emakore murume akadzidza itye emhangura uye vakakanda kubva yake zhinji hunoshatisa zvinhu: tsono, zvishongo, spearheads uye arrowheads.

Pakuzadzisa simbi kwakaratidza kutanga yakadaro nguva sezvo zera mhangura-ndarira kana munhu ngakuzivikanwe kugadzira nzira uye mabikirwo alloys, vane unhu zvaiva nani pane yakaisvonaka mhangura. Muchidimbu, iyi ndiyo zvikuru munhoroondo kukura vanhu uye budiriro yose.

Sei "mhangura"?

The Bronze Age iri matongo uye nhoroondo periodization kunoratidzwa kutanga kushandiswa chinyakare murume akaita zvezvishandiso simbi, kureva mhangura. Izvi zvakazoita kuti zvishoma nezvishoma yaitsiva ibwe uye mapfupa zvokushandisa pamusoro manyoro, asi panguva imwe chete nyore kushandisa namatemo, mapanga, scrapers pairi. Uyezve, kukura nzira simbi kubudiswa kubvumira murume kuti kunyange nyore, asi panguva imwe chete yakawanda yepakutanga uye ndarama nezvishongo uye zvivezwa. The Bronze Age kwakaratidza kutanga matsva ose stratification ari chinyakare muvanhu pachishandiswa zvakanaka: zvikuru mhangura yaiva munhu, hwepamusorosoro chinzvimbo ari muvanhu akanga.

The zvoupfumi basa munhu ari yemhangura zera

Kuziva tsika mhangura senzira zvokutsinhanisa pakati pamarudzi uye sezvo zvinokosha zvokuvakisa kugadzirwa mano mazhinji vanobishairira kutsigira Kugadzirwa mangwanani handicraft kugadzirwa. It Copper Age kwakaratidza kutanga kubuda rwokugadzira akadai migodhi, simbi kubudiswa uye simbi. Panguva iyoyo pakanyenga Chiitiko kuti unyanzvi zvokurima uye zvipfuwo. Yevhu Kugadzirwa iyi zvakare vakatodzidza zvitsva zvinhu.

Achishingaira yakatanga panguva iyi uye kutengeserana. Panguva iyoyo mhangura uye zvibereko pauri siyana zvinhu marudzi aigona kuitisa wekurukurirano nemunhu kure nemisha yavo. Izvi runoratidzwa ndechokuti muna Europe akawana zvigadzirwa mhangura, anogadzirwa mudunhu Pedyo uye Middle East.

Archaeological anowana kubva Bronze Age

Kupfuura mamirire uye unoshamisa zvakabudiswa kuti chokuita Copper Age, - a statuette mukadzi. Izvi imhaka zvikurukuru nemaonero vanhu vaigara Copper Age. Kunokosha zvikuru kwavari aimirira kukohwa uye wokubereka, izvo chete kunofananidzirwa zvigadzirwa zvakafanana. In huru iri kuwanda Wakaitwa nevhu, pachinzvimbo simbi.

Painting pamusoro zvehari uyewo chinofananidzira mukadzi uye nyika. Maererano nezvinodavirwa nevanhu vaigara mhangura zera, nyika yakakamurwa kuva nhatu zvinoriumba: nyika zvinomera, mhuka uye vanhu, Average denga, emitting kupenya kwezuva, uye yokumusoro denga, vakazadzwa mvura, achizadza nzizi uye kudyisa pasi.

Kuwedzera zvigadzirwa rusununguko sacral kuva mumatongo mapanga dzinoitwa yakaisvonaka mhangura kana pfupa mazano, tsono, uye zvakawanda.