Uchatamisa yemo dhipatimendi kubva Vladimir kuMoscow (musi)

Uchatamisa yemo dhipatimendi kubva Vladimir kuMoscow - danho rinokosha kukura wokuRussia ehurumende uye kuwedzera Moscow. The yakasiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo kuwedzera simba, ari Moscow weutungamiriri iri kuchamhembe-dzekumabvazuva unobva mutemo kuMoscow namachinda akakurumidza Moscow muzinda idzva simba Russian.

MARARAMIRO kukwidza

Chronicles akanyorwa afa Andreya Bogolyubskogo, kutaurwa Moscow, sezvo guta yavanogara Muscovites - vagere Moscow. zita reguta racho hunowanikwa zvemadzimambo emauto zviitiko nguva zhinji. Moscow rava pfungwa pamepu apo shamwari kusangana uye hunoratidza yakakuwandira vavengi. Guta duku riri kukurumidza kuva guta rinokosha pachavo ushe achangopfuura. Uchatamisa yemo dhipatimendi kubva Vladimir kuMoscow haana kutora nzvimbo kana pakati pezana remakore hwegumi, yokupedzisira haana kuva zvakafanira ukuru uye simba.

Kuumbwa idzva Orthodox centre

Ivan Kalita akaita inozivikanwa muzinda Moscow, kwete zvematongerwo enyika asiwo zvechitendero chete upenyu. Vasati kuti, nzvimbo yokunamata uye nzvimbo yechigarire yakagara Metropolitan Vladimir raiva Klyazma. Nokufamba kwenguva uye kugara achifambisa pakati pavakakumukiraiwo machinda wechiTatar puppets nezvavakambosangana lyudom vakapanduka kwakaderedza kukosha Vladimir. Hondo nokuti mamiriro yeRussian Orthodox centre kwakatanga pakati Moscow yaro husingaperi aikwikwidza - Tibheriyasi.

Kutamburira Metropolitan

Tama kubva Department of Metropolitan Vladimir Akaperekedzwa zvinovava hondo pakati muMoscow uye Tver. Machinda munyika vied akatsvaka kufadza Tatar Khan, achiedza kugombedzera eMongolia-simba zvose kudivi ravo. Zvichakadaro, mumwe mumongi pakati Tver dzemamongi muna Constantinople akanyorera kunyunyuta kuti Metropolitan Peter. zvinhu usimoni (kugovera vechechi mahofisi) vakanga vakanyorwa uye mabasa hanya chechi.

Nokuti ishe Russia zvose pane ngozi chaiyo deposition. Asi izvozvo chiitiko zvaisazova zvinobvira pasina kufarirwa nevafundisi vakawanda Russian, uye munyaya kereke wechiTatar khans nevaichinja dzavo havadi kupindira. Kukosha kwavari vaiva nemitero uye mutero, aigara vakauya nemachinda Russian. Uye kurutivi upenyu Khans womudzimu vaifarira kwete kuti titaurirane zvamatongerwe uye Chechi haina maturo.

pamukwidzwa Petro choushe Metropolitan haana pasina pokudzora kwomudzimu Moscow machinda. Kuwana zvokunamata simba pamusoro Orthodox, Peter haana kukanganwa akuitira uye rinonyatsotsigirawo Muscovite vatongi. Akanga ararama muMoscow, panzvimbo uye akafa, akavigwa. Pane zvakawanda zvipiriso uye nokunyengetera Moscow machinda vakaita basa ravo - mushakabvu Metropolitan Petro somusande pasi zita wokutanga Moscow uye Wonderworker Hwose Russia. Tama kubva Department of Metropolitan Vladimir musi Klyazma muMoscow akanga kare hafu kuitwa zvakawanda.

The mutsivi wezvishamiso

Petro Anotsiviwa richangobva kunzi Greek Fiognost. Pakapera 1327 ari Patriarch weConstantinople Isaiah akamugadza ave Metropolitan pamusoro Kiev noushumiri zvachose muMoscow.

Muna 1328 Fiognost akashanyira kuchamhembe-okumabvazuva nyika Russian, izvo, akumbirwa iri Galician uye Omani machinda, kwave dzinounzwa munechimwewo archdiocese. Asi Fiognosta haana aenderane nzvimbo atateguru rokuitira dzematunhu guta. Chinangwa chake chaiva wokubatanidza kuchamhembe uye kumabvazuva kweRussia pasi chete Orthodox muchinjikwa. Ndipo apo Wakazova zvinogoneka uchatamisa yemo dhipatimendi kubva Vladimir kuMoscow. Musi kuuya chiitiko yave akabvumirana Constantinople. Fiognost akaronga ipfuure anozivikanwa maguta zvose Russian uye kuti Moscow rwakafanana muzinda cheOrthodox.

Kuitwa guta

Zvichida kuchinjwa weDhipatimendi of Metropolitan Vladimir kuMoscow kubudikidza Prince Kalita uye havana kutora nzvimbo kana asina rubatsiro iyi Metropolitan idzva achishingaira. Under kuvakwa yake nokufungidzira Church rakapera, uye muna 1328, chechi mbiri ibwe dzakavakwa - imwe kumbonzwiwa utsanzi nokuda guru. Church of St. Peter muapositori St. Ivana Lestvichnika akava rimwe danho mukusimbisa kukosha Moscow.

The pakuzvichenesa chinja

Pakati pezana remakore 30s pakati remakore rechi14 Theognost kushingaira basa iri Metropolitan hofisi akauya wokutanga zvinokosha zvabuda. The canonization wezvishamiso anokwezvwa Peter kuMoscow yakawanda vechinamato uye nevafundisi. Permanent chisimba echitendero havana kupfuura kucherechedzwa pasi Patriarchate weConstantinople - matambudziko ari Metropolitan idzva kungapfuurira dzose Russian.

Panguva soro nhanho vakatanga kukurukura kuchinjwa weDhipatimendi of Metropolitan Vladimir kuMoscow. 1326 aiva munguva chisarudzo chokupedzisira. Full Nokubvumira Moscow machinda, atova kumbopfeka musoro "All Russia", tsigiro nokuda Patriarch weConstantinople uye mutemo asiri chipingaidzo Yechinwiwa Horde kupedza basa. Uchatamisa yemo dhipatimendi kubva Vladimir kuMoscow rakapera.

Zvakaipira vaitamira

chiitiko ichi muJinja kuti Muchinda Moscow. It Anowanza nezvenzvimbo rokunyika simba, equating pamwe mumudzimu. Fiognost akanga zvachose kudivi Ivana Kality, achibatsira yokupedzisira ari accession pamusoro dzakapoteredza kuMoscow hugota. Somuenzaniso, zvikuru Fiognost ropafadzo vanapapa kumanikidza uye kubvisa kutukwa kwete chete pane vanhu, asi kunyange muguta uye nyika. Saka akaisa kutuka vanhu muPskov nemisha yakapoteredza kuti chokwadi kuti vakaramba kupa muchinda Tver Khan Ulugbek, nokudaro Nokumukira muridzi Golden Horde ari kupamba itsva uye kuparadza. Rushambwa akapa zvaioneka migumisiro - muchinda Tverskoy Aleksandr Mihaylovich akabva muPskov akaenda Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania. Shure kwaizvozvo, kutuka wakazvikudza.

Nokuumbwa Moscow sezvo pakati Orthodox nyika

Zvakaoma kupa zvizere kunyatsoongorora zvose kubatsira zvakaunzwa guru idzva wedhipatimendi pakufamba of Metropolitan Vladimir kuMoscow. Musi chiitiko ichi (1326) zvinoratidzwa zhinji yaMakoronike uye yaMakoronike sezvo kuchinja upenyu Moscow weutungamiriri.

Maererano yekare pamuviri wezvose zviri mudziyo, uye kwenyika uye pakunamata simba vakaenzana uye vakabatana. Saka, chokwadi kuti umambo guta panguva akararama uye Kesari, uye Metropolitan, aiva dzinongoitika uye kwakanaka.

Politics uye Church

Tichishandisa zvinotaurwa izvi, uye zvenyika uye simba mune zvokunamata yakanga zvakaenzana zvinobatsira kuchinjwa weDhipatimendi of Metropolitan Vladimir kuMoscow. Year 1328 yaiva isingakanganwiki mitambo venhoroondo chechi kuti vanozvisanangurira kunyanya zvakanaka panguva iyi.

Yaiva nguva dzorugare coexistence of Moscow weutungamiriri uye Golden Horde - Moscow akakura akapfuma uye yakabudirira. dare muchinda uye mudare Metropolitan yaiva pedyo, uye kushongedzwa kwadzo uye pfuma kwete muduku mumwe. Akasvibirira mudungwe uye kunamata pachiitiko zvekuratidza kuti mabhishopi vakaungana muguta guru dzemauto kereke vakuru pamwe nechinzvimbo chepamusoro vaenzi kubva kumabvazuva kunyika Russian uye weConstantinople pacharo. All zvemaoresa mitambo yaiitwa muMoscow pamwe huru vanhu. Yokupikisa Moscow ave echokwadi kuti dzakapoteredza nyika, asi simba zvechitendero chisingarambiki: vachifungawo Metropolitan of Moscow akatyisidzirwa pamwe nezvekubudiswa.

Nei zvichiitika

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha, nokuti izvo kuchinjwa weDhipatimendi of Metropolitan Vladimir kuMoscow achiri wakaitwa, kwaiva kugovera dzakasiyana-siyana zvinobatsira zvinokosha uye nomugove. Tichienzanisa akagamuchira nevamiririri dzeChechi simba vari pedyo ukuru, kubatsira vaiva kumbonzwiwa, uye mipiro - hombe. Moscow machinda mungozi chinhu - nzvimbo yavo akanga ane simba zvokuti vanogona kusarudza nechivimbo pakati mabhishopi vakavimbika zvikuru. Rinokosha reDare yakasiyana nenzvimbo nezvenzvimbo Moscow, uye pedyo ukama naye weConstantinople. An nharo chinokosha ndechokuti ari Metropolitan Vose Russia asingadi kanganisa pamusoro munhu zvinofarirwa pakati vechechi, saka, akanga dzakavimbikawo kune mabhishopi zvose. Metropolitan Peter akatanga achiva ukuru Moscow Patriarchate, uye mutsivi wake chakafanira rapera Kushandurwa Moscow kusvikira guru Faith Orthodox.