1991 kubvuta masimba: Zvinokonzera uye Consequences

Pane nhoroondo Russian mamiriro kwerimwe gore, izvo zvinogona kunzi echimurenga. Kana dambudziko mamiriro ezvinhu munyika kwakawedzera kusvika pokupedzisira, apo Mikhail Gorbachev akanga asingachakwanisizve kushanda, kunyange zvayo nokukurumidza ezvinhu, uye akaita zvose zvaanogona kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu munyika nechisimba, uye vanhu vaakasarudza uyo kupa tsitsi avo, kwakange nevapanduki muna 1991.

The Old vakuru vehurumende

Vatungamiriri vazhinji CPSU, zvakasara vaita kuti kuchinja basa, vachiziva kuti kugadzirisa kukura zvishoma nezvishoma kunoita kuti kurasikirwa nesimba ravo, asi ivo vachiri simba zvakakwana kudzivisa musika kuchinja yeRussian upfumi. Nenzira iyi vakaedza kudzivisa zvoupfumi.

Asi, vatungamiriri ava zvaiva zvisizvo chiremera, kuti nzira rokunyengetedza kuvhiringidze democratic kufamba. Naizvozvo chete nzira kunze izvi, izvo kwavari aiita Ungangove - a akazivisa mamiriro dzenjodzi. Hapana aisatarisira kuti, maererano nezviitiko izvi kutanga 1991 kubvuta masimba.

The zvakawanda chinzvimbo Mihaila Sergeevicha Gorbacheva, kana kubviswa kubva utungamiri

Vamwe vatungamiriri kuchinja akatoedza vomanikidza Mikhail Gorbachev, vaifanira kuita pakati yakare utungamiriri uye vamiririri democratic ehondo vaiva ake pakarepo ezvinhu. It Yakovlev uye Shevardnadze. Izvi kusagadzikana chinzvimbo Mihaila Sergeevicha Gorbacheva kwakatungamirira kuti akanga zvishoma nezvishoma kurasikirwa rutsigiro yavose vaviri. Uye nokukurumidza nhau vakatanga kupinda ruzivo pamusoro kubvuta masimba kuuya.

Kubva April kusvika July, Mikhail Gorbachev akanga achigadzirira chibvumirano, rinonzi "Novo-Ogarevo", iyo yakanga kuenda kudzivisa kuparara Soviet Union. Aida kuti uchatamisa unorema namasimba enyika Federal Republic. July 29 paiva musangano Gorbachev Nursultan Nazarbayev uye Borisom Eltsinym. It akakurukura chikuru chikamu chibvumirano, uyewo kuuya misha kubva munzvimbo dzavo vatungamiriri vakawanda kuchinja zvizere. Zvino zvikazikamwa kune KGB. Saka, chiitiko chacho ari kuswedera kuti nguva iyo nhoroondo Russian wehurumende pakuzivikanwa se "yaAugust kubvuta masimba 1991".

Unoranganawo vavo zvinodiwa

Sezvinotarisirwa, Communist Party utungamiri aiva nehanya chisarudzo Mikhail Sergeyevich. Uye munguva pazororo rake asarudza kushandisa mamiriro ezvinhu nokushandiswa simba. In rudzi rangano unhu zhinji yakakurumbira muchirongwa. This Vladimir Kryuchkov, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva sachigaro KGB, Gennadiy Ivanovich Yanaev, Dmitriy Timofeevich Yazov, Valentin Sergeevich Pavlov, Boris Karlovich Pugo, uye vamwe vazhinji, ivo akaronga 1991 kubvuta masimba.

Putsch August 18 akatuma Mikhail Sergeyevich, akanga ari pazororo kuCrimea, rimwe boka rinomiririra zvido revapanduki. Vakauya naye zvinodiwa avo kuzivisa mamiriro dzenjodzi. Asi apo Mikhail Gorbachev akaramba, vakakomba yaaigara uye akagura mhando dzose dzokukurukurirana.

Hurumende zvokungoitawo kana netarisiro hadzina akasangana

Mangwanani musi waAugust 19 muguta guru Russia, motokari dzinenge 800 warrior, aine varwi zviuru zvina wakatangwa. In vezvenhau zvose akazivisa vezvenhau kuti akasika State Emergency Committee, uye kuti zvakatora pamusoro masimba ose kuti chibate nyika. On nhasi, vanhu vari uchimuka, rukazvidzora kwavo TV rinovira, aigona chete kuona zvisingaperi mishumo yakakurumbira kutamba rinonzi "Swan Lake." Izvi kwaiva mangwanani yaAugust 1991 kubvuta masimba.

Vanhu anokonzera nokumukira, vakati kuti Mihail Sergeevich Gorbachev akanga achirwara zvakakomba uye kwechinguva asingakwanisi kumhanya hurumende, uye naizvozvo masimba aro akapfuura Yanayev, uyo aiva mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Vaitarira kuti vanhu vari kare waneta kugadzirisa richava kurutivi hurumende itsva, asi venhau yakarongwa navo, apo akaita Gennady Yanayev, haana kuitwa zvakakodzera pfungwa.

Yeltsin nevatsigiri vake

Yakatanga 1991 kubvuta masimba rakakundikana putsch varongi. Vanhu havana kutora divi ravo. Vazhinji vakatenda zviito zvavo zvisiri pamutemo. Kunyanya kuti musi August 19 pamusangano, yaiitwa kunze White House, Yeltsin akataura rudzi. Akazivisa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu munyika uye zvakaguma nevapanduki-1991 - nevapanduki.

Photo pamusoro Boris Yeltsin, akaita panguva kutaura pamberi pevanhu, zvakabudiswa mumapepanhau zhinji, kunyange kumadokero nyika. Boris Yeltsin aiva maonero maererano vakuru vakawanda vaitsigira zvakazara nzvimbo yake.

Putsch 1991. muchidimbu pamusoro yezvakaitika musi August 20 muMoscow

A kuwanda Muscovites mumigwagwa waAugust rechi20. Vose vanofanira wokuparadza kubvuta masimba. The White House, apo akanga Boris nevatsigiri vake vakakomba nevanozvitsigira (kana, sezvo ivo vanouti, kuramba kubvuta masimba). Vakavaka kwezvinovharidzira vakakomba imba, kwete kuda kudzokera yekare.

Pakati pavo paiva Muscovites dzakawanda, uye anongoda ruvara yose intelligentsia. Kunyange yakakurumbira Mstislav Rostropovich zvikuru nendege achibva kuUnited States kuti atsigire vomunyika dzavo. The putsch yaAugust, 1991, zvinokonzera iyo - kusada kwenyika kuchinja utungamiri nokuzvidira kurega simba ravo, vakaungana vazhinji vanhu. nyika dzakawanda kutsigira vaya akadzivirira White House. Uye zviitiko kutepfenyura kunze vose vaitungamirira mushamarari.

Kukundikana nokumukira, uye kudzoka President

Kuratidzwa kusateerera vakawanda kwakadaro zvakonzera kubvuta masimba kusarudza taramba pakuvaka White House, vakanzi matatu mangwanani. Izvi chiitiko inotyisa kwakaita kuti vanopfuura mumwe chepaseka. Asi ruzhinji kubvuta masimba rakakundikana. Vehondo, masoja, uye kunyange vakawanda varwi "Arifa" vakaramba moto vanhuwo vagari. Unoranganawo vakasungwa, uye mutungamiri akadzoka akachengetedzeka guru kuburikidza hwekubvisa zvose mirairo kubvuta masimba iri zvachose. Saka 1991 yapera August kubvuta masimba, kuti

Asi mazuva iwayo zvakachinja zvikuru kwete chete guru asiwo yose nyika. Zviitiko izvi zvakaitika nokuchinja kukuru munhoroondo yenyika dzakawanda. The Soviet Union yakaguma kuvapo, uye simba rezvematongerwo enyika pamusoro mamiriro vaironga kuunganazve. Pangosvika 1991 kubvuta masimba, musi 22 Nyamavhuvhu muna Moscow Misangano mikuru yaiitwa zvakare, rinomiririra democratic kufamba munyika. Ndivo vanhu vakatakura mucheka itsva saith-Ruvara mureza. Boris akabvunza hama vose vakaurayiwa panguva yokukomba of White House regerera, sezvo vakakundikana kudzivirira njodzi izvi. Asi yose yakaramba mutambo mhepo.

Zvikonzero kukundikana kubvuta masimba, uye yokupedzisira pokuwa yeutongi hurumende

It akagumisa 1991 kubvuta masimba. Zvikonzero dzakatungamirira kukundikana kwayo, chaizvo pachena. Chokutanga, vanhu vakawanda vanogara Russian mamiriro, ndisisadi kudzokera munguva kurega kunotanga. Kwazvo wakaratidzwa kusavimba of Communist Party. Other zvikonzero - ichi hafu vanomoyo chiito revapanduki pachavo. Uye nekusiyana, zvikuru zvechisimba pamusoro chikamu gutsaruzhinji ravarwi, vanomirirwa Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin, chaakapiwa rubatsiro kwete chete kubva dzakawanda guru vanhu Russian, asiwo munyika dzokuMadokero.

1991 kubvuta masimba haana chete inosuruvarisa, asi ndaunza nyika zvikuru kuchinja. Akaita izvozvo hazviiti kuramba Soviet Union, uye kudzivisa zvimwe kuparadzirwa simba CPSU. Nemhaka Boris Nikolayevich akasaina chirevo kuti misa remapazi ayo papera nguva akanga ichiputswa zvose Koshanda uye Communist masangano ose ehurumende. Uye musi November 6, mumwe mutongo zvakajeka kurambidzwa Communist Party mabasa.

Inosuruvarisa of August kubvuta masimba

Unoranganawo, kana vamiririri Emergency Committee, uyewo vaya vanoshingaira vaitsigira zvinzvimbo zvavo, vakanga pakarepo vakasungwawo. Vamwe vavo nhamba panguva kuferefeta vakazviuraya. 1991 putsch aiti upenyu anoverengeka zvavo vomunyika vakauya kwokudzivirira chivakwa White House. vanhu ava vakapiwa musoro Hero of Soviet Union. Uye mazita avo nokusingaperi nhoroondo Russian wehurumende. It Dmitry Komar, Ilya Krichevsky uye Vladimir Usov - vamiririri Moscow youth, waimira munzira kutamira warrior motokari.

Zvakaitika kuti nguva nokusingaperi mayambuka nguva poutongi munyika. Kuparara Soviet Union akava pachena, uye huru dzinowanika vakawanda ainyatsotsigira nzvimbo democratic mauto. Kwakadaro kwave nezvainoita hurumende kubvuta masimba zvakaitika. August 1991 anogona zvakachengeteka kunzi zvokuti zvikuru akatendeuka Russian mamiriro nhoroondo yacho iri zvakasiyana zvachose mirayiridzo. Zvaive munguva iyi udzvinyiriri akanga stvergnuta vazhinji, uye kusarudza voruzhinji rakanga kudivi hweruzhinji uye rusununguko. Russia wakapinda idzva munguva kukura.