The kuchinja Petro 1: zvinokonzera, zvabuda, zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, kukosha zvaitika. Zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa migumisiro kuchinja Peter 1 zvishoma

Results of kuchinja Peter 1 - ndiwo mumwe kwazvo uye vanokakavara nyaya iri National nhoroondo nesayenzi. Tinogona kutaura kuti historiography hwakagadzwa panguva pakatarisana kunyatsoongorora Russian mambo wokutanga. Vamwe vakamuona somunhu muvandudzi weRussia uye vaidavira kuti iye ndiye ane kwebasa rinofanira mamiriro ari masimba European (saka polgali, zvikurukuru, vamiririri nechokugedhi dzokumadokero), vamwe, nekusiyana, akasimbisa kuti kuchinja ake vakatyora tsika nheyo upenyu Russian kwenzanga uye kwakaita kuti kukwana kurasikirwa kwavo zvitupa (maonero iyi yakaitwa, kunyanya, nevanyori dzenzvimbo ouzivi pakati Slavophiles).

Zvakaita Board

Zviwanikwa zviri kuchinja Peter 1, vanofanira munyaya akapoteredza zvainyanya rokutonga kwake. Makore iwayo akanga akaoma zvikuru munhoroondo Russia, sezvo yaiva nguva iitike. Emperor dzakarwiwa hondo nekuda nyika kuwana muGungwa reBaltic uye panguva imwecheteyo kunze kuchinja yose munzanga uye enyika munyika. Zvisinei, zvakaipira kwayakaita ndechokuti akaratidza kutendeuka yake netarisiro kuti izvi zvaiva zvenguva pfupi matanho kudzora nyika munguva yehondo. Zvisinei, gare gare zvikazooneka kuti matanho aya zvokungoitawo vaiva, sezvo nokusingaperi, wechigarire. Asi gavhuna aita, saka kutaura, kukurumidza, saka migumisiro kuchinja Peter 1 kuva chaizvo pamakakatanwa mupfungwa kuti kazhinji raitongwa kukurumidza uye okutarisira nzira, pasina kufungisisa specificity nzvimbo dziri pasi kuchinja.

Musimboti pakati transformations

All akaenzaniswa mutongi mutsva akagadzirirwa nechokwadi mukukunda Russia muna Northern War pamwe Sweden kuti kuwana Sea reBaltic. Saka, matanho ose zvainanga huite nani yaitonga uye utungamiriri. Asi mambo akanga kuziva ndechokuti nyika rakaiswawo munyika dzeEurope, sezvo ndinonzwisisa kuti kuwana gungwa vaizongoguma kukonzera kuchinja geopolitical mamiriro ehurumende. Saka, akatsvaka nechokwadi kuti zvimwe equalize padanho kukura munyika pamwe Western Europe. Uye migumisiro Peter 1 munharaunda iyi zvinhu zvinogona kunzi pamakakatanwa, kanenge, vanyori venhau dzakaitika uye vatsvakurudzi zvisingapindirani dzavo waivako Mutengo. Kudivi rimwe, nokukwereta mu basa, vaitarira uye tsika nemagariro anganzi nhano inokosha kurutivi Europeanization wenyika, asi panguva imwecheteyo kurumidzai kunyange vamwe nenyonganyonga kwakatungamirira kuti dzemunharaunda Western vakadzidza chete rakamanikana chaizvo stratum pakati kwamachinda. Nzvimbo ruzhinji chavagari haana kuchinja.

Kukosha kuchinja enyika

Results of kuchinja Peter 1 ipfupiso inofanira sezvinotevera: Russia kuwana kuGungwa reBaltic, akava umambo uye mutongi wayo - mambo, yakava chikamu nyika dzokuEurope uye aitungamirira basa iri dzakawanda munhandare. The chikuru mugumisiro zvakafanana, Chokwadi, kuti nyika akagashira neitsva chinzvimbo, hazvishamisi kuti mambo akaenda kuchinja zvakanyanya uye yakadzama zvakadaro, vachiziva kuti hurumende inofanira kuva zvainoda, asi akaomerera nemitemo European. Mubvunzo wokutanga, Chokwadi, akanga nezvokusikwa kwechinhu chitsva muboka revatungamiriri uye mutemo.

Munharaunda iyi, migumisiro yacho kuchinja Peter 1 zvishoma zvinofanira kucherechedzwa sezvinotevera: zvavo, Kesari akatambanudza ake. Iye akasika utariri hurongwa kuti pasina dzinokosha kuchinja chakavapo kusvikira February Revolution. Zvinonzi mutongi matanho kuchinja hurumende muchina munzvimbo uye rwaiitwa panguva yakakodzera. Chokwadi, Russian chokwadi unounza kuchinja nezvemamiriro uye kunzwisisa mambo, kana iye akatanga zvakagadzirwa ake utariri uye kutarisira.

Zvakabuda kwezvoupfumi kunoparirwa

The akaipa migumisiro kuchinja Peter 1 wo hazvigoni discounted. Pashure kutendeuka kunoitwa tichiregeredza yakawedzera kudzvinyirirwa kwevanhu, uye iyi zvazvinoita pamusoro zvose munzanga, kutanga nokuguma pakati serfs nechavakuru, varwi. Hapana mubvunzo kuti guru havashandisi mari uto zvakakonzera dzakakomba zveupfumi nemagariro matambudziko. Zvisinei, gavhuna atora dzakawanda matanho kusimudzira kukura National upfumi. Somuenzaniso, akakurudzira kukura indasitiri, vakabatsira pave miti, kukura chicherwa deposits. Akakurudzira zvokutengeserana uye madhorobha upenyu, achiziva kuti izvi zvaizoita zvikuru kuvimba aina uye zvainoreva nhumbi.

Zvisinei, nezviyero zvose izvi aiva marapirwo. Chokwadi ndechokuti, nokukurudzira kukura kutengeserana, mambo panguva iyoyowo vatengesi kuzviuru dzakakwirira mitero. Manufactory uye miti kwakavakirwa serf basa: aya anonzi mumisha yose, vagari zvakanga zvakabatanidzwa kuti kugadzirwa.

zvemagariro

The kuchinja Peter 1, migumisiro, zvinokonzerwa izvo zvakachinja chaizvoizvo pakuonekwa nyika, zvakakanganisa evanhu maumbirwo Russian munzanga rechipiri kota ramakore rechi18. kare Most vanodavira kuti kana pakupedzisira akatora chimiro akaturikidzana zvikurukuru nokuti yakakurumbira "Zviri vezvinzvimbo", iro enshrined ari grading vakuru uye servicemen. Uyezve, kana waiva finalization kuti serfdom muRussia. Zvisinei, kuchinja izvi, vaongorori vakawanda havana vanowanzotevedzera kufunga musimboti, vachifunga kuti vakanga chaiwo mugumisiro yapfuura Danho okukura. Vamwe katsamba kuti kuchinja sei chete vepamusoro kwenzanga uye navamwe vanhu haana kuchinja.

tsika nemagariro

The kuchinja Peter 1, zvikonzero, migumisiro izvo zvinofanira munyaya yacho mukuru wenhau ezvinhu munyika chechipiri kota XVIII remakore, zvichida kupfuura chinozikamwa kukanganisa tsika hunhu ehurumende. Zvichida ichi ndicho nokuti kuti kuchinja uku kwave kupfuura zvinooneka. Mukuwedzera, pakatanga tsika dzokuMadokero uye dzemunharaunda mune zvetsika Russian mararamiro akanyanya kusiyana nemararamiro, iyo zvakajairwa kutungamirira vanhu pamusoro nezvizvarwa. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha tsika wokuti mambo aiva chido kunyange kuchinja hembe, mitemo nezvinoitwa kwamachinda, sei kuti vabudirire European tsika ne kuti Russian upenyu uye chokwadi.

Asi chikuru zvaitika pakati kuchinja Peter 1 munharaunda iyi murombo, dzinenge yokutanga emakore waro zvinhu zvinoitwa. The chikuru migumisiro matambudziko kare munguva yaitonga vatsivi vake, kunyanya pasi Catherine II. Pasi mambo uyewo akatanga kuti masangano uye masangano havana sezvo chinobudirira kunge sezvo aizova aifarira. Aida vakuru vakadzidza, dzidzo yakanaka, nokuti nyika aida mudonzvo nyanzvi kukudziridza panzvimbo bhizimisi uye upfumi wokutanga. Zvisinei, vakawanda kwamachinda vaifarira kutungamira zvakajairika upenyu, uye vashoma chaizvo akatora vamambo kuchinja mune mirayiridzo iyi. Asi anonzi nhiyo dendere Petrova airidza hombe basa kuchinja mabasa mutongi, uye zvikurukuru nokuti pazera ravo vakakura, avo vakabva kuzivikanwa tsika uye rokudzidzisa mitemo mutongi wacho vatsivi.

The muchiuto bhora

The zvabuda, kukosha kuchinja Peter 1 kushandurwa weuto hazvigoni dzakanaka. Ndiye akasika dzose Russian hondo, iyo yakahwina penya Kukunda vakawanda XVIII remakore. Rakanga hondo iri European womuenzaniso, izvo zvinogona kukwikwidzana mauto nedzimwe nyika. Panzvimbo hwakare mambo akavarambidza vanopinza hurongwa muchiuto kuhondo. Izvi zvaireva kuti wandei kumatare kwaiva kusunungura kuhondo imwe nhamba varwi. itsva iyi yave iripo kwenguva refu, kusvikira yechipiri yezana XIX remakore, kana panguva yaitonga Alexander II chikatsiviwa kwegadziriro zvakasikwa kuhondo. The kutsungirira kweuto kuchinja mambo kunoratidza kuti nezviyero izvi panguva ino chenhau kukura kunoenderana nyika zvinodiwa.

Fleet kuvaka ukoshi

Results of kuchinja Peter 1, zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira izvo, zvichida, inogona kupatsanurwa zvakafanana, kunyanya pachena muchiuto bhora. Kuwedzera pakusikwa hondo, mambo rwunoverengerwa nesangano zvechigarire dzose Navy, uyo sowakajeka akazvisiyanisa ari makore Northern War pamwe Sweden, kana akawana dungwerungwe mikuru Kukunda gungwa. Nokuda wamambo kuchinja mabasa ari mirayiridzo iyi, Russia akava nyika mugungwa simba. Pasinei chokwadi kuti yepakarepo vatsivi vamambo kuvakwa zvikepe yakanga Zvisinei yakaturikwa,, yechipiri yezana XVIII remakore, kunyanya kana Ekaterina II, kuRussia rengarava zvakare sowakajeka akazvisiyanisa ari nhamba yehondo. wamambo munorumbidzirweiko iri kuti akatotora vatarisire pakusikwa zvikepe pamwe ramangwana. Haana chete kuvaka ngarava nokukurumidza zvinodiwa, asi Mwari akaronga kuti Russia ine nepagungwa simba, akabudirira.

Basa nezvibvumirano

Positive migumisiro kuchinja Peter 1 iri chokwadi kuti kwakanga panguva Russia ake kwasvika pachiyero dzakawanda nezvibvumirano, t. E. auya kuridza aitungamirira basa iri dzakawanda munhandare. Nemhaka kutonga, nyika yakava nhengo kupfuura uye chinokosha dzomunyika zviitiko, pasina ayo kupindura haina kupfuura chirongwa kuroorwa Congress. Pasi Emperor akaumba denderedzwa vanhu, uyo nheyo renyeredzi ane vamiriri Russian uyo vakabudirira aimiririra nyika yedu iri dzakawanda munhandare. Zvakanga zvose zvikuru zvakakodzera, nokuti panguva akakodzera nguva, uye gumi anotevera, Russia muchirongwa ose makuru hondo muEurope, uye anenge ose kukakavara yacho mune imwe nzira kana mumwe chinobata ayo zvarwo. In Muchiitiko ichi, chiitiko akasika kudiwa vamiriri unyanzvi uye vakadzidza European. Uye tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti nedzenyu Corps wakasikwa chete mumakore rokutonga Mambo.

Dambudziko yokugara

Zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa migumisiro kuchinja Peter 1 zvatinogona, zvichida, kugoverwa zvakaenzana. On zvayakanakira nayo ataurwa pamusoro apa, asi pano zvakafanira kutaura chimwe drawback chinokosha, riri zvikuru chinochemedza kukanganisa haizopereri enyika kukura munyika. Chokwadi kuti, maererano wakashata nyaya yevarume Tsarevich Alexei mambo chirevo maererano iyo mutongi pachake akanga kugadza aizomutsiva. Zvisinei, Kesari raiva kufa, uye akanga asina akaita kuda, uye kuti zvadaro zvakatungamirira vanonzi mumuzinda kubvuta masimba, yakanga inokanganisa kwete chete pane zvematongerwo enyika womukati kukura munyika, asiwo nzvimbo yaro dzakawanda munhandare. The Kugara Kuchinja vatongi kumuka nokuwa kumapati, vatsigiri ichi kana kuti kubhabhatidzwa nguva imwe neimwe zvakaita kuti vachinje yokumwe mutemo uye munyika kukura enyika kosi. Paul chete I pakupera ari XVIII remakore akapidigura chirevo yokugara, saka kuti ikozvino mwanakomana mukuru anotonga Emperor akava mugari wenhaka kune Russian choushe.

General mhedziso

In mhedziso zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti yakanaka, zvichida, zvakanga zvichiri kupfuura kunaka. Chokwadi chokuti vazhinji ake kuchinja vakasara inotevera maviri emakore, uye vatsivi akawana zvakakodzera kutevera nzira kwake, akati kuchinja mabasa Kesari hwaienzanirana zvinodiwa nyika. Results of kuchinja Peter 1, iyo anomiririrwa tafura pazasi, dzinoratidza kuti matanho vamambo modernize nyika dzakanga yakadzama, kunyange zvinosiyana zvinodiwa zvechiuto.

Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti rokuchinja basa yokutanga Russian pamambo kazhinji maererano zvinodiwa nguva yake, sezvinoratidzwa chokwadi kuchengetedzwa kwayo zvinhu zvinotevera emakore.