Avo pamusoro - Count kana Duke? Chii chinosiyanisa muchinda kubva Count?

Kufambira Mberi michina pamusoro pfupi chaizvo nguva yakachinja nyika yedu. Vakawanda pfungwa zana apfuura yakakurumbira, nhasi muri chinhu chekare. Somuenzaniso, pamusoro mubvunzo: "Ndiani mukuru - Count kana Duke," Madzibaba edu angadai akapindura pasina kumbozengurira.

Kunyange zvakadaro, vazhinji vedu, iye anogona kuisa imwe bofu mukoto. Zvechokwadi, vagere XXI remakore hazvishamisi kuti vakarasika vari musoro kwamachinda, uye zvakatonyanya kudaro kutsanangura musiyano muchinda kubva Count.

Chimiro Estates kwamachinda

The Social mamiriro Ages vanhu yakanga zvachose inodzorwa. Munhu wese kubva pakuberekwa vakarikunda mumwe dhigirii, uye kuchinja kubva kirasi mumwe zvakanga zvisingatomboiti. Panguva iyoyowo, kuMiddle Ages, paiva evanhu akanyatsorongwa, izvo yacho. mararamiro uye ukama mukati makirasi.

Kwamachinda akazviratidza muEurope muna nedanho paumbwe feudalism, kana pane chikonzero streamline kuti hukama pakati pamadzimambo avo vatongi vari pasi. Mumakore basa iri kudzivirira zvido uye upenyu feudal ishe kubva wavakanga apinda nhaka neshinda. Saka, romuMiddle jendurumani - murwi, vagadzirire yokudanwa suzerain kujoina uto rake.

Nokufamba kwenguva, kuchinja mamiriro ezveupfumi munyika munzanga, uye nawo basa kwamachinda. Somuenzaniso, imwe girafu - zita iro raireva kuMiddle Ages mutongi guru mangwanani feudal, riri simba zvizere County yake. Zvisinei, pashure paumbwe centralized inoti kwayo ive yakaratidza munhuwo chishongedzo kuna yepamusorosoro kwamachinda - kwamachinda.

Vanoda vakuru Ages Europe

Sezvambotaurwa, kirasi nomumwe aiva yakaoma hierarchical marongerwo. Saka, kwamachinda yakakamurwa kupinda yemadzitateguru uye kunyunyuta, uyewo vanoda vasina okuremekedza. Wokupedzisira boka munyika dzose dzaiva kupfuura vazhinji.

Social chavanopinda dzedzinza kwamachinda akafunga ndechokuti pakuzvarwa mumhuri anokudzwa, ukuwo patents yokuva chikamu ropafadzo kirasi nokuda pachedu munorumbidzirweiko kana kuremara rinoitirwa.

Vanoda avakuru vari kumusoro hierarchical chepiramidhi, wechipiri chete kune gentility madzimambo uye nhengo dzemhuri youmambo. Machinda, machinda, Counts, marquises, NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi, viscounts vakanga feudal vakakwirira mu Ages Western Europe.

Asi muchinda - zita iri kunyanya kushandiswa anokudzwa kuchamuka ari necheSalvic inoti. Rinokosha mutambo Western muchinda European kana Duke.

Mabviro vanokudzwa mazita

Pashure pemakore akawanda kudaro zvino hazvibviri kutaura chokwadi apo uye sei vaiva honorary musoro kwamachinda. Ngatitii girafu - zita vaongorori akabatanidza kune Latin shoko anouya. Saka mukunopera Roman Empire rainzi chemhando mamiriro vanokudzwa. Nhasi, ari Romance mumitauro, zita iri rakanyorwa sezvo Conte (Italian), Conde (Spanish) uye comte (French).

Amarudzi Franks kumavambo yeMiddle Ages The counts akadana vakuru vomumusha munharaunda. emakore anoverengeka gare gare, munguva yokutonga Charles Bald, avo muridzi uye rokuremekedza, pamwechete kodzero management rakatanga nhaka.

machinda necheSalvic dzaimbova vakuru vamarudzi, uye chete pashure emakore izvi honorary rokuremekedza yakava achirwadziwa aishamwaridzana, kushandisa imwe ndima, wakange kodzero yokutonga, nhaka.

Saka, ungacherechedza zvimwe ari musoro "Muchinda" uye "Count". The musiyano waiva pakutanga kupfuura nenzvimbo. In Western Europe, kushandisa shoko count, apo muEastern Central - Prince. Chete chete nguva okuremekedza aya akawana mumwe zvaanoreva.

Petrine Table vezvinzvimbo

Russian kwamachinda rakaumbwa muna XII remakore pachishandiswa serfs iri basa boyars namachinda. Vakaita siyana rokutonga uye okutarisira mashandiro, pamwe musengwa muchiuto wehondo yomuchinda.

Peter I mukurwisa Generic Boyar vakakwirira akaumba mashoko okuti okuremekedza mutsva kwamachinda, yaainge Western Europe. Saka, muna XVIII remakore kuRussia, pamwe chete nemachinda yakaonekwa Counts uye NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi. Izvi uye zvimwe zvakagadzirwa kunge akanyorwa Zviri mumapoka - pamazita dzevagari, dare uye vakuru vemauto.

Zvakatitorera nguva, kusvikira nyaya Russian autocrat kunzwisisa itsva hierarchical marongerwo uye kukwanisa kunzwisisa ndiani yakakwirira - Count kana Duke. Last rokuremekedza iripo muRussia nguva refu, uye panguva rokutonga Peter Ndaiva mhuri 47 kwomuchinda muRussia.

ngaamuitire ezita nokukudzwa

kuchinja Petro kugumisa kuti revatongi akanyatsorongwa, iyo yakavakirwa gentility. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, machinda aigona asangova zvizvarwa Rurik uye Gediminas. Elevation kumuchinda kana count yokuzviremekedza zvino zvaitsamira kuda mambo.

Wokutanga Russia, pamberi kuitwa Zviri nemapoka akagamuchira musoro Count Boris Sheremetyev - Field Marshal uye kushamwaridzana Petra Velikogo. Zvisinei, kwete zvose vatsivi vamambo muvandudzi norupo kuzoripira madunhurirwa itsva. Catherine II pakukwana chiremera pamusoro Count wacho ainyanya dzavo vaaida.

Nokuti basa idzva rakaiswa uye marapiro: Changamire Your, Your Honor. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vatongi XVIII remakore. Hatina vakanakidzwa ropafadzo yakadaro. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kuti mubvunzo: "Ndiani mukuru - Count kana Duke" wamambo Russian panguva, Ungangove, vangadai vakati: "The Count". Muchikamu chinotevera remakore zita iri rakagadzirirwa kunyanya vashumiri kana vaya vakambotadza vakanga paakavapa ari Order Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Chii chakasiyana Muchinda Count

Muzana XIX remakore, madzimambo haana stint pamusoro mubairo mutsva. Saka, pakazosvika zana remakore kuRussia maiva 310 kwomuchinda kuberekwa uye machinda 250. Pane dzimwe nguva, mumwe jendurumani aibvumirwa kuva mazhinji okuremekedza. Somuenzaniso, Suvorov V. kunokosha nokuda Service kuna Yababa rakadzikwa ari Count, uye machinda chiremera.

Saka, ndiani kumusoro - Count kana Duke? Muchidimbu, wokupedzisira anaro zita rokuti akamira vakuru vakuru mu danho kumusoro. Prince aigona kuva oga kare akanga akakwidziridzwa kuti Count yokuzviremekedza.

mamiriro ezvinhu aya aiita kwete chete nokuda Russian kwamachinda. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, muWestern Europe machinda chinzvimbo hwaienzanirana musoro Duke kana muchinda, rwaigara soro Samanai iri pamanera revatongi.