Temberi Ancient Egyptian: tsananguro, nhoroondo uye mifananidzo

Rakaisvonaka mapiramidhi pamusoro Giza, kuvanzwa yokunzvera maziso guva Valley reMadzimambo havasi chete Zvivako ane nebudiriro kuti kamwe kaiva vose pemahombekombe rwaNire. Pamwe guru necropolis mubereko uye temberi vekare vokuIjipiti. Names uye mapikicha zvikuru yokufananidzira hurongwa tikaisa munyaya ino.

Asi kutanga unofanira kunzwisisa pfungwa temberi muIjipiti yekare. Yakanga isiri Kereke iri ano pfungwa shoko - kamuri kuti anoshumira muungano vakatendeka, uye nokuda kwoUmambo kubatana kwemweya Mwari. Kwete, musha temberi yaiva panzvimbo yamambo. Pano vamwe Mwari akararama somunhu mupfumi anogara muimba yake. Akanga varanda vake - vapristi. Zuva vakapfuura wokunatswa tsika, akapfeka pechifananidzo Mwari, vasati yakavhenekerwa zvomoto uye rusenzi, vakabayira chibayiro maererano nekarenda. Temberi aigona kupinda chete vapristi - uye hapana mumwe munhu. Dzimwe nguva Mwari kubva mumuzinda kushanyira chero kuhama dzake. Iye akafamba nechikepe (areka), akanga towed ngarava kwakajairika. Ndipo badzi vanhuwo vanhu vaigona kufunga mwari wake.

Kugadzirwa sacral mapurani

Sezvaunoziva, nhoroondo yeIjipiti yekare ane wandei nguva refu - umambo. Church akitekicha yakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma. It wainyanya pamusoro zvechitendero, izvo ndiwo emakore hweuprofita kuchinja. Zvinosuruvarisa, temberi yakavakwazve maererano itsva pfungwa, uye isu vanzwa chete pakuvaka chokuita noUmambo New. Uyewo zvakanaka vakachengetedzwa chirangaridzo mutemberi dzekare. Asi ivo vakazvipira kuna posthumous kunamatwa vanaFarao uye makuva avo yakabatana chepiramidhi. Pano tinotarisa pazvavovo reIjipiti yekare oUmambo New. Ndicho yokugara waMwari wekusingaperi. Mutemberi iyi ine yayo pfungwa uye, naizvozvovo, yayo mapurani. "Palace" Mwari aida nzvimbo officialdom uye pasiri paruzhinji, oga nepedyo. The yokupedzisira anogona chete kupinda mupristi rakasarudzwa, akapfuura Kuchenesa kwazvo (achigeza, bvudzi depilation, kuitwa pasoda). Mwari akagara muimba yomukati pasina mahwindo. Kureva, yakavanzwa kubva pameso avanhu.

muzinda waMwari mugore 3000 BC. e.

zviuru zvishanu makore mutemberi vekare vekuIjipiti (mufananidzo uri chirangaridzo yainamatirwa Chephren) akatora chimiro yakakura parallelepiped pamwe vachida zvimwewo masvingo uye eaves yokupedzisira navo. Raiva chaiko yamambo pamwe yakakura mukati, dziri pamwe huru akabatana. Yaiva dzokuzvinatsa dzimba uye kugamuchirwa nzvimbo, apo Mwari akateerera zvikumbiro. Uyezve, necheshure vaenzi uye makamuri okuchengetera zvinopiswa zvakanga makamuri "tenzi weimba." Direct tsvene yaMwari mumoyo. Akanga akapoteredzwa huru makamuri mana kana matanhatu. Pedyo vaiva sacristy nezvimwe makamuri yemariro. Huru neeimba yakakamurwa muzvikamu makuru maviri mberi nokudzoka shure matatu. Denga pacharo haana. Kutaura zvazviri, kwaiva chivanze pamwe porticoes.

temberi Ancient kuMiddle Kingdom

Kutanga Thutmose I uye kunyanya vechikadzi Farao Hatshepsut (1505-1484 BC.) Marongerwo inoshanduka tsvene. A maitiro chinoratidza temberi kuMiddle Kingdom anova akakura dzimba inoenda sanctum sanctorum. Siyanisa duku kabati chete dzinokatyamadza. Muimba iyi yaiva pezvinhu areka. The nemasvingo akakura temberi yekare yakatsiva sacristies zhinji uye makamuri. Asi chikuru utsanzi yaiva kunoshamisa kupfuma emifananidzo. Vakafukidza mbiru, sirin'i, masvingo, uriri. Sezvo Muenzaniso kwechitendero mapurani nguva inogona kunzi temberi vekare vekuIjipiti kuKarnak (Amoni Ra) uye Angashinga eri Bahri (tsvene Hatshepsut). Interior kupenda uye kusimbisa mashandiro muimba imwe neimwe. Uye temberi pachayo anooneka somunhu kwetunhu pezvakasikwa uye Mwari. Sex - inyika kupendwa sirin'i kwenyeredzi - dzokudenga, mbiru misoro - nemaruva architrave kuona nakisisa shiri.

Temple muna 1500 BC. e.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, ari yezvechitendero dzakaisirwa pasi vakatendeka. Sezvingatarisirwa, vaisabvumirwa mu "tsvene-tsvene" uye kunyange mukereke. Asi yaidzorwa sacral zvivako kudanana kubva 1500 BC, pane utsanzi - mumwe kana kupfuura nezvivanze, takapoteredzwa muvharanda. Pane aibvumirwa vanhuwo mitambo yechitendero. Saka chii vaiva New Kingdom netemberi muIjipiti yekare? Apo vakanga vari munzvimbo? Ivo ruoko pamwe Nile - kubva Abu Simbel ari nechokumusoro kwerwizi kuna Abydos (kuchamhembe Luxor ano). Mumwe Prefecture (nharaunda) aiva mwari waro anorichengeta (kana Person waAmoni-Ra). Naizvozvo, vekare vokuIjipiti netemberi mazita akanga rakakodzera: Osiris, Hathor, Isis, Khnum, Thoth, Nehbet, Horus, Sobek. Tinofanira kutaura Sanctuary waFarao, iyo vari vaiona vamwari: Ramesses II, Network I, III uye Thutmoses vamwe.

Plan mutemberi yekare Egyptian Kingdom New

Funga zviri chaiwo muenzaniso Karnak tsvene yaAmun. Temberi aifanira kuwana kurwizi. Kuti aite izvi, kubva murwizi Akaputsa achishandisa chiteshi. Painoguma pedyo Temple duku rectangular pachiteshi, paiva chikepe chakasungirirwa dzemaoresa. vanamwari muIjipita akanga akawanda hama vaipinda "mudzimba" yavo okuberekwa. Kubva building aiva "muitiro enzira." Her sphinxes azviveza kana mifananidzo mwari, rinowanika basa mhuka dzvene. Pylons pamadziro akanga agadzirwa netemberi vekare vokuIjipiti. Photo inoratidza hombe maumbirwo ibwe zvishoma raiiswa masvingo. It inodzokorora hunhu kuti "jengachenga". Mambakwedza, zuva akazviratidza zvakanaka pakati shongwe yacho pylon. masvingo aro akanga zvikuru yakashongedzwa. Achiri vakachengetedzwa buri mureza danda. Nokuti pylon yaiva rectangular chivanze, takapoteredzwa rusvingo. Around ayo mukomberedzo mbiru vachitsigira rakamanikana discontinuous denga, iro anoshumira kudzivirira kwete nemvura uye zuva. Kupfuura muchivanze, mumwe murume ndokuwira pillared horo. Round mbiru kutsigira padenga vakanga stylized enhokwe mudenhere rayo. Panguva kure kumagumo nzvimbo yaiva tsvene. In cubic kumira kamuri duku ine pasi sirin'i akazorora inotakurika rook of. Pano uye Mwari akagara.

kumativi temberi

Dzakapoteredza mukati dzokunze masvingo (temenos) riri vaiona musande. Pane ebetsero makamuri. Zvingava nzvimbo vaenzi 'kuramba' vamwari vavo arks. Dzokuchengetera nokuti zvipiriso, chitendero zvinhu regai kugara mukamuri rimwe chete. Pakupedzisira, makamuri duku zvakagoverwa vapristi apo vakapfuura nzira yokuchenesa muviri wako vasati vapinda tsvene. Temberi of New Kingdom weIjipiti yagara kwaro munharaunda dzvene mudhamu. Zvakabatsira kuchenesa vapristi. Maererano nezvinodavirwa, mwari zuva Khepera kukwira vakazorodza mangwanani ose kubva mugungwa kutevera mhiri denga. Mukuwedzera, dura uye matsime akanga. temberi Ancient, zita uye Photo kuti isu vakauya pano, vakanga chengarava chaiyo mumba - a berth kuti chikepe. Apo areka yaMwari pamafudzi ake vapristi tsvene, vakaita rurege uyu chapero duku pamasuo maviri.

Obelisk uye colossi

temberi muIjipita vaiwanzonzi mamwe masangano dziri kuseri fenzi temenos. Dzimwe nguva, asati tsvene akaisa colossi. Izvi chifananidzo chihombe pamusoro peya vanaFarao akavaka ichi kana kuti temberi. Chinozikamwa pano ndiye Colossi kuna Memnon. Hazvibetseri tsvene hwaponeswa - maviri chete mifananidzo Amenhotep III vanomutswa nanhasi. Temberi yakatsaurirwa kuna zuva zvisati kunopinda akagadzwa shongwe - sezvo kazhinji vari vaviri vaviri.

Ptolemaic uye Roman nguva

Sei rekare Egyptian netemberi: sei makore akawanda vakashanda sezvo musha wavanamwari, uye haana kupindura chinhu kuchinja, kana kunyange kukunda. Apo Umambo hweRoma rakafukidza nyika tichitarisa kapoka kane yechitendero, zvishoma zvachinja. Kwete. eRoma akatanga akapfeka cartouches pamwe hieroglyphs, kunamatwa Osiris, achiva mumwe hurumende muumambo hwacho. Zvisinei, interpenetration kunoitika tsika. Mafungiro Religious vari Evolving, uye vanhu zvishoma nezvishoma anouya kunamata Mwari mumwe.