Bandera - vari iwe? Bandera munguva yehondo. mureza Bandera

In chiedza kuitika muUkraine vazhinji vanofarira Bandera. Ndivanaani vanhu ava, kwarakanga kufamba? Munyaya ino tichaedza kupindura izvi uye nemimwe mibvunzo richikoshawo chaizvo. To musi, kune vakawanda chinokatyamadza nyaya yakapfuura kufamba ichi, vamwe vanhu akarurama izvozvo, vamwe mhosva kana kunyange kuvenga.

Historical ruzivo pamusoro chitarisiko Bandera

Saka, Bandera - vanoita? A yakawanda kunaka tsanangudzo rwokufamba ichi. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II yakanga vanhu vaitsigira dzidziso Stepana Bandery, mutungamiriri kuUkraine nyika. Ipapo vakaita mugove paumhondi vasiri Ukrainians, mururamisire pamwe nechido rusununguko uye rusununguko rwenyika yavo.

To musi, pane zvakawanda uchapupu mhosva vateveri Bandera, kwakaitika munguva Great Patriotic War. Vakauraya avo vakanga isiri wokuUkraine rudzi, uyo aiva hama mune vanhu vemamwe marudzi. Vamwe umhondi zvinoratidzika Bandera (yaifananidzira pazasi), kashoma zvikasadaro sei kunzi utsinye. Zvakatanga nepfungwa kusunungurwa Western Ukraine pasimba vokuPoland nechisimba.

Stepan Bandera. kwakarongwa vitae

Zvino pamusoro mutungamiri racho akati. Stepan Bandera akaberekwa muna 1909 mumhuri mupristi Greek-Catholic. Kuwedzera mhuri yake vakanga vana vatanhatu. Zviri pachena, pfungwa urudzi Stepan imbibed nedzidziso baba vake, akanga achiedza kubudisa uzivi kwake kuvana. Izvi zvakabatsira kuti First World War, kwakaitika pamberi zvakawanda kuororwa mwana.

Bandera akagara mumba mababa vake kusvikira 1919, akabva atamira kuguta Stryi uye chikoro. Mairi, akadzidza kwemakore masere. Maiva chesekondari uye akatanga mabasa ake nationalist vakazochinja zvakatungamirira chii akazviratidza muna Ukraine Bandera. Akava pwere mutungamiri muna Western Ukraine, tichidzivirira ayo rusununguko nenzira ipi, kwete nokusema kunyange chokwadi kuti ikozvino, munyika yanhasi, anonzi ugandanga.

Zvematongerwo enyika Stepana Bandery

Ndapedza chikoro chesekondari, Stepan, kunze evanhu mabasa, mubasa raakanga naye wokuUkraine nemauto sangano. Bandera aivapo kubva mukuru kosi girama chikoro. An pamutemo nhengo dzesangano iri, akava muna 1927. Basa rakatanga muna ungwaru dhipatimendi, uye shure anoparadzirwa. Shure kwake kwakanga wechiduku vanoomerera kwayo kukuru nationalist maonero.

Munguva basa sangano, iye kubudirira zvikuru miti uye mukurumbira, kunyanya muguta reLviv, iro Bandera (sezvavaitungamirirwa iyoyo) chaizvoizvo ndakafunga aiva chifananidzo. Akava mutungamiriri OUN pachivande sangano.

Zvino zvishoma pamusoro enyika basa Stepan. To chikwereti chake akawanda akaronga vakaurayirwa chigaro akakurumbira enyika, pamusoro pake nenguva iyo vezvourudzi vakarwa. Nokuti mumwe wavo muna '34 akanga nemhosva uye akatongerwa rufu, izvo, zvisinei, pashure penguva, wakachinjwa kwehupenyu. Mujeri, akapedza makore 39 apo, nokuda basa kwePoland, vasungwa vose (uye pamwechete navo, Stepan) vakasunungurwa.

Mutungamiri vezvourudzi vakaramba mabasa avo. Uye kana isu funga mubvunzo "Bandera - vari" mhinduro ndeyokuti akanga vateveri vake kamwe chaimutsigira.

Bandera Activities munguva Second World War

Panguva ino Stepan chete kusunungurwa. Ndakabatana vatsigiri vake, akashanyira Lviv, apo vakafunga mamiriro ezvinhu uye vakasarudza kuti zvino muvengi mukuru pamusoro rusununguko rweUkraine ndiye Soviet Union.

Tinogona kufunga kuti wokuUkraine Bandera pamutemo yakabuda mushure aparadzane pakati OUN, kana pambiru musoro sangano vakatanga vanoti vanhu vaviri vane zvachose pakatarisana maonero. It Bandera uye A. Miller. Wekutanga kufunga kuti Germany haazorambi kubatsira Ukrainians kuwana zvandinenge rusununguko, saka unofanira kuvimba chete pamusoro pachavo. Kubatana vokuGermany vaigona voprinimat chete kwekanguva kushanda. Chechipiri pfungwa yakati siyanei. Pakupedzisira, vose vakaenda kumisasa yavo. Vatsigiri dzepedyo Bandera simbi Lenkavsky S., J. Stetsko, Lebedev, V. Ohrimovich, R. Shukhevich.

Muna June 1941, chiito rakaparidzirwa Kutangwazve Kwemitambo Ukrainian wehurumende, mugumisiro raiva kwemamiriro Bandera muchitokisi muGermany. VokuGermany havadi dzoro ichi zvinhu. Sokutaurwa kwazvakaitwa Stepan, vakanga yakasiyana chaizvo urongwa Ukraine.

Mujeri German Bandera akaramba kusvikira September 44. Yakanga isiri yakaipisisa nzvimbo yaive nematsotsi enyika chete kwakadaro. VokuGermany pachavo makore matatu uye akavasunungurira Stepan vakasununguka. Zviri nani chiito kutsutsumwa pamusoro wake kuzivisa yakazvimirira kuUkraine mamiriro.

Izvi kwemakore matatu Bandera vaisagona kuita zvematongerwo enyika, kunyange zvazvo vakaramba kuonana navo ake kuburikidza wake. Zvisinei, nguva yose iyi, Western Ukraine, apo Bandera haasi kukanda mabasa ayo akaramba kurwa zvisingaiti nenharaunda.

Stepana Bandery upenyu pashure pokusunungurwa

Asunungurwa muna September 1944 Bandera anosarudza kuramba kugara kuGermany. Kusakwanisa kudzokera mundima Soviet Union haana kudzivisa kuronga mhiri kwemakungwa bazi OUN (B).

Panguva ino, maererano zvimwe zvinyorwa, akanga basa uye akashanda ungwaru uye counterintelligence muGermany. Asi maererano kumwewo, iye angoramba.

Kutozosvikira vamakumi mashanu, murume akatungamirira upenyu conspirator, sezvazvakaita vakazivisa anovhima asi pashure akatamira Munich nemhuri yake. Kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva ake, akafamba varindi, kuti vazvidzivirire kubva kurwisa, izvo, panzira, aivapo akawanda. Pano kumuziva pasi zita Popel.

Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kumuponesa kubva parufu. Muna 1959, akanga aurayiwa mumiriri weKGB B. Stashinsky. Bandera ari bara kumeso aine pfuti-sirinji (kugutsikana - potassium cyanide). Akanga asingakwanisi kuponesa, munzira kuenda kuchipatara akafa Stepan. Mushure mhondi akasungwa kujeri kwemakore masere. Pashure exiting kwazviri Stashinsky mugumo harizivikanwi.

Pakafa Bandera akaramba mhuri - wake Oparovskaya Yaroslav, mwanakomana Andrew, mwanasikana Natalia uye Les. Pasinei kwavo nezviito zvose, kwakabva mhuri aida uye zvakasimba kurindwa.

yakapera saka upenyu murume aiva neshasha seri nationalist sangano iri Western Ukraine, uyewo murongi dzakawanda enyika vakaurayirwa chigaro. Vateveri vake vakaita kuurayiwa zhinji, akavanda seri pfungwa muUkraine kuti rusununguko, ayo kusunungurwa kubva Polish, uye gare gare vakuru veSoviet.

Muna 2010, Bandera akanga paakavapa musoro Hero rweUkraine, pasinei nokuti vanhu vazhinji mhosva izvozvo. Zvisinei, muna 2011 Dare Administrative Court rweUkraine, kwakasarudzwa kuti munhu uyu hazvigoni kunzi gamba.

Vateveri Bandera munguva Second World

Saka, kupfuurira mabasa ayo panguva Second World War, Bandera (mapikicha utsinye nhasi zvikuru kuwanikwa) vachishingaira vakatanga kurwa kutanga vaPolish rinotambudza, uye ipapo vokuGermany mukuwana Red Army. Ukrainian wakazara vapanduki Army (UPA), izvo vaitsigira pfungwa kuzvimirira rweUkraine Stepan yakatangwa. Vavengi vose - vaJudha, Poles nezvimwe vemarudzi. Uye vose kuparadzwa.

Kuchitsigira muteveri uye shamwari Bandera aiva muRoma Shukhevych, uyo asipo anenge akatungamirira OUN. Muna '41 Iye akateerera rechiuto "Nachtigall", iro rakaparadzwa vakawanda vaigara Polish rupi muguta. Kubvira uye akatanga kuderedza rugare nevanhu Ukraine.

Kana isu kutaura zvimwe nezvemabasa ake, ndiwo rechiuto kukonzera rufu vagari Belarusian musha Khatyn vanongotevera aparadzwe.

Kuwedzera nyaya dzavo uye nedzimwe utsinye, kureva kupondwa vemumusha Korbelisy muna Volyn. Vazhinji vakapiswa vari vapenyu. All apo kuuraya vanenge 2,800 vanhu.

Zvakaipisisa utsinye makasika musha Lozovaya, apo anopfuura zana vagari vakaurayiwa, uye zvakasiyana-siyana chokudheerera.

Pane humwe uchapupu hwokuti rinotyisa zvichaitirwa zvavo. Vanenge vana vose vasiri Ukrainian rudzi vakambobatwawo rufu, uye kwaStefani. Saka vazhinji yakabvaruka kana otrubyvali dzakasiyana-siyana dzomuviri, vakabayiwa. Vamwe vapenyu, yakasungirirwa padanda nemiseve waya. Ichokwadi kunge chaityisa nguva.

Nhasi, kune vanyori venhau vanodavira kuti vamiririri OUN-UPA rinozondinakidza barbarities kuitwa navo. Kunyange German vaNazi havana kufara zvakadaro. date Izvi inounganidzwa kubva mishumo akasungwa uye akabvunzurudza Bandera. It Pakataurwawo vamwe vokuGermany vakanga collaborated navo.

Bandera sezvo chikamu UPA

Bandera UPA - Yakaumbwa mauto ane zvombo, inova omurume vatungamiri OUN (B). Zvino akatanga kupinda mariri vamiririri siyana vaitsigira bato iri yavo nepfungwa.

Chinangwa chacho chikuru chaiva partisans Soviet, uyewo kuparadzwa zvose uye vose vakanga vasina ukama kuUkraine. Vanhu vazhinji vachiri kuyeuka neutsinye hwavo, kana misha yose vakabayiwa chete zvaiva vorumwe rudzi.

Panguva kusunungurwa Red Army muna UPA, paiva zvuru makumi mashanu zvinoshingaira varwi. Mumwe nomumwe wavo aiva pfungwa nzvimbo yavo zvakajeka, tsika dzakaoma uye kuvenga kurutivi "Board", izvo zvakaita kuti makore akapfuura kuti Stalin kuti repressions.

Zvisinei, paiva kusimba pahondo. Izvi, Chokwadi, zvombo, uye pfuti uridzi.

Kuti zvokuita Bandera munguva yehondo

Paanokurukura mhosva Bandera sezvo chikamu UPA, ipapo nhasi, maererano netsika dzekare, vava vazhinji. Somuenzaniso, pasi pakufa vanhu vanenge 200 vomumusha Kuta (vokuArmenia uye Poles). Vose excised panguva madzinza yacho.

The inozivikanwa Volyn Urayai kwakakanganisa misha yakawanda. Yaiva nguva yaityisa. Vamwe vatungamiri inofamba pamberi pedu vanoomerera pfungwa iyi: regai nharaunda achava shoma vanhu, asi zvichaita kuchenesa Ukrainians.

Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, apo rufu kubvira maviri ane zana chiuru vanhu (uye yaiva vanhuwo zvavo!) Panguva maoko avanhu vaitsigira pfungwa nyika achitungamirirwa Stepan Bandera. Chero, kunyange anokudzwa zvikuru vavariro, haagoni kupembedza rufu nechisimba vanhu vakawanda kudaro.

yokurwisana Bandera

Bandera kwemhosva akaita kupikiswa zvikuru kwavari partisans eSoviet munguva yehondo. Sokusunungurwa kuUkraine kubva vokuGermany pedyo Red Army yakatowedzera nechiito chavo uye paumbwe UPA. Vakaedza kudzivisa pakagadzwa "ake" nyika nehurumende yeSoviet. Kunze mabasa akasiyana-siyana sabhoteji Somuenzaniso, kupiswa zvitoro, achiparadza teregirafu mitsetse, uyewo kuuraya vanhu vaiva Red Army. Dzimwe nguva mhuri yose vakabayiwa chete nokuti chokwadi kuti vakanga vakavimbika kuna partisans Russian.

Mauto Soviet, sokusunungurwa nzvimbo, akaita akatsvaira German-Ukrainian vezvourudzi. Vakaparadzwa zvinenge zvose mapoka makuru UPA. Zvisinei, paiva anokwana zviyero diki, dziri kuva dzakaoma kubata.

Yaiva nguva yakaoma kuti Western Ukrainians. Kudivi rimwe - Soviet Army, iyo akaita kuunganidza ngakuite vakura vemo. Kune vamwe - paumbwe UPA, izvo kudzimwa wose akanga kanenge neimwe nzira kwakabatana neSoviet.

Panopera Hondo Yenyika II yacho kuti dzisashande nationalist mapoka aitumirwa vashandi ari NKGB uye NKVD. Uyezve, anoita tsananguro basa pakati yevagari, zvokuti akasika vanonzi "Kushata". Vakabatsira ari kubviswa emakoronyera.

Bandera Fighting chakavapo kusvikira vamakumi mashanu, pavakanga pakupedzisira vakundwa mapoka pevhu OUN-UPA.

Vateveri Bandera nguva yanhasi

Kusvika panguva Ukrainian ndima zvinobvira kuchengeta rumutsiriro vateveri Stepana Bandery. Zvisinei, Ukrainians Vakawanda vava pfungwa urudzi, takakanganwa nezvevaya zvinotyisa nguva, akanga zvachose. Pamwe kunyange kudziwana sechikonzero. Stepan Bandera akava chidhori nevechiduku vakawanda, sezvo zvakanga kamwe. Vamwe vakuru tenda (uye kuzvidemba) kuti kwete Bandera zvose vakaparadza kamwe navanasekuru vavo. Maonero akasiyana, uye simba kwazvo.

Vatsigiri uye vateveri mutungamiri OUN vanopemberera zuva rokuberekwa kwake chifananidzo torchlight mudungwe, red-uye-dema mireza. Vafukidza zviso zvavo, uye armbands vari vakabata Portraits naye. Mudungwe anotora nzvimbo anenge ose guta, asi haina kuitika kwose kwose. Vamwe vanhu vari zvikuru kunaka atinoitwa rakajeka kuratidzwa yokukudza Stepana Bandery.

Kana dzematongerwe, ari Bandera ano muUkraine angahutora ayo vamutangira. Kunyange sirogani "Kubwinya kuUkraine - Magamba Wokubwinya" yakatorwa kubva kwavari.

Chirevo vateveri Stepana Bandery

A chiratidzo vezvourudzi ano, uyewo Kare, munhu dzvuku-uye-dema jira. mureza uyu Bandera akabvumirwa kudzoka muna 1941. It chinofananidzira echimurenga kufamba, kurwisana pamusoro payakatora Ukrainian nyika. Zvisinei, muHondo Yenyika II hazvina inowanzoshandiswa, sezvo panguva ino.

Kana isu kutaura zvakananga pamusoro mureza, mavara aya anowanikwa munyika dzakawanda echimurenga zviitiko zvakadaro. Somuenzaniso, rave richishandiswa kazhinji kwazvo muLatin America.

Saka, kana tichifunga: "Bandera - vari vanhu ava?" Ndinofanira kutaura mureza kwavo pashure Independence rweUkraine uye zvakazoitika wava kucherechedzwa chaizvo.

Modern Zvivako kuna Bandera vake vakatambudzwa

Nhasi, kune zvivako zvakawanda nowenyika utsinye akenda zvibairo uye vakanga vasara shure Bandera munguva yehondo. Ivo dziri mumaguta akawanda nemisha. Nhamba huru vavo dziri muLviv nemisha yakapoteredza. Uyewo, pane zvakafanana nzvimbo Lugansk, Svatovo, Shalygin muna Simferopol, muna Volyn uye Ternopil kumatunhu.

In Poland, muguta Legnica, pane yose kumashopu kuna vakaurayiwa UIA. Wroclaw ndiyo shongwe-mausoleum pakuyeuka vakawirwa nenjodzi, uyo vakaurawa OUN-UIA mumakore 39-47 okupedzisira remakore.

Zvisinei, panewo shongwe Bandera uye muPoland. Zviri pedyo Radymno. Zvisiri pamutemo akagadzawo, pane kunyange kuti kwayo kuparadzwa, asi chokurangaridza ichiri zviripo.

Uyezve, pane zvakawanda Zvivako kuna Stepan Bandera. Western Ukraine ivo aiparadzira yakakwana mari - kubva huru Zvivako kune busts diki. Kunewo kunze, semuenzaniso muGermany, kwaakanga akavigwa mutungamiri Ukrainian nationalist kufamba.