Imba Yusupov muMoscow: kero, mufananidzo

I Yusupov Palace muMoscow ndechimwe chezvivakwa zvekare zvekare. Kuvakwa kwechivako kunonzi kune zana remakore XVII kana kutanga kweChishanu, kunyange chiremba ichiri kubvunzwa. Imwe kamuri yekare yeYusupovs ichokwadi chishamiso chokugadzira, chakakurumbira nokuda kweGreat Charitonyevsky mhiri pedyo neChrisye Prudy, iyo inowanzozivikanwa nevanhu vose muscovites. Nokukwirira kwayo uye nhamba yezvivako zvinoshamisa, gwara rinogona kupa zvinopesana nemigwagwa yakawanda.

Iyi Yusupov Palace muMoscow (Mufananidzo muichirungu inomiririra kuvakwa kwechivako) inzvimbo chaiye yepamusoro. Chimiro chacho chinoonekwa sechimwe chezvinhu zvakakura zvetsika yemararamiro.

Kune avo vanofarira kunzvimbo yeimba yamambo Yusupov iri muMoscow - kero: Central Central District District, Bondan Basmanny, B. Kharitonievsky per., 21, peji 4.

Kuguma kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana kunofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo nguva yekuvaka. Panguva iyoyo, chivako chezvivako zvemazati maviri chakavakwa, chakashongedzwa muMoscow Baroque style. Zvichida, pakanga paine pasi rechitatu rehuni, iro raigara. Chimiro chacho chaiva chivako chechivako chiri pasi. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana. Kusvikira kumakona ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweimba yamambo yakawedzerwa izvo zvinonzi imba yekudyira ine chimiro chakakura. Pasi paPetro Ini yose yeMesasnitskaya mumigwagwa yakashandurwa ikava mugwagwa mukuru wekuenda kwamambo. Munharaunda yakatanga kugara munzvimbo.

Palace Volkov-Yusupov muMoscow: yekutanga vatenzi

Wokutanga, uyo anozivikanwa sehudzidzi weimba yamambo muB. Kharitonievsky, akanga ari mumwe weshamwari dzaPeter I, vice-chancellor, chevalier weDare reSt. Andrew the First-Called, diplomat anozivikanwa zvikuru PP Shafirov. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanodavira kuti ndiShafirov akavaka zvikamu zvekutanga zvekuoma kwakaumba ramangwana Yusupov Palace muMoscow.

Sezvo aita basa rakabudirira, muna 1723 mukuru wehurumende akawirwa neumambo. Akatongerwa rufu, iyo iyo yekupedzisira yekupedzisira yakatsiviwa nekutaridzirwa kuSiberia. Uyo aimbova dhigiripiti aibviswa mazita, mazita, zvose zvivako.

Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy

Chimiro muKhayritonyevsky Lane (ramangwana Yusupov Palace kuMoscow) chakaendeswa kune Count PA Tolstoy. Musoro weChining Chancellery panguva iyoyo yaityisa kune vanhu venguva yake. Zvizvarwa zvake ndivo vanyori vakakurumbira veTolstoy - Alexei Konstantinovich uye Lev Nikolaevich. Somugumisiro wekuita kwake muimba yeimba yakaipa mukurwisana naMenshikov, Peter Andreevich akadzingwa kuSolovki.

Akavimbwa nomukuru wechiremera Ober-Secretary A. Ya. Volkov

Yakazotevera, iyo yaive nayo Yusupov Palace muMoscow, yaiva shamwari yepedyo ye "muchinda mukuru" A. Ya. Volkov. Kutonga nemhando yemabasa akanzi apiwe, ayo kakawanda akanga asina kuoma, Volkov aiva mumwe wevashumiri vake vakavimbika. Mushure mokusundwa kwevakakurumbira, Volkov yakarasikirwa nehuwandu hwevakuru, uyewo yeimba yamambo muKhayritonyevsky migwagwa.

Kutuka kweVanhu

Imba yacho yakatamirwa kunzvimbo yemari, uye muna 1727 yakapiwa kuna Prince GD Yusupov, mumiriri weimwe yevakanakisisa vemhuri dzeRussia, avo vane mbiri yakadzokera kuMuslim Middle Ages.

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanodavira kuti iye akatanga nheyo Yusuf-Murza - mukomana weNaigai Horde mukuru, waiva kutya kuRussia. Muna 1563, mwanakomana wake Il-Murza akasvika muMoscow, uyo akakwanisa kukunda mubasa reTsar. Panguva yekutonga kwaFedor Ivanovich, muzukuru waIl-Murza, Abdull, asingazivi nekudya nyama yenyama yePatriarch Joachim, uyo, akadzidza pamusoro pezvinyengeri, akanga ari kutsamwa kukuru. Kuti abve kubva kune opals nekuparadzwa, Abdul-Murza akasarudza kubvuma Orthodoxy. Akabvumirwa kukanganwirwa kwevatongi, zita reChirungu uye zita raDmitry Yusupov. Asi maererano nemhemberero yemhuri, usiku ihwohwo, Muporofita Muhammad pachake akazviratidza kwaari muhope, uyo akatuka mhuri yose yaJusupov nokuda kwekutenda. Kubvira panguva imwe neimwe yezera rake munhu mumwe chete aifanira kurarama kusvika makore makumi maviri.

Muridzi wacho, Boris Yusupov

Boris Grigorievich aiva Gavhuna Mukuru weMoscow, uye akashumirawo seMutungamiriri weShlyachta Cadet Corps. Murumbidze kwaari, Mhandara Erizabheti muna 1756 yakasaina chirevo pamusoro pekusikwa kwemaimbirwo ekutanga muSt. Petersburg.

Muma1770, zvinhu zveYusupovs zvakawedzerwa: kurutivi rwekumadokero, pamwe neimba yematombo, iyo yakawanikwa muvakidzani weIzmaylov yeruwa yakawedzerwa kunzvimbo.

Iyo pfuma inoshamisa yemhuri Yusupov

Kutanga kwepfuma inoshamisa, iyo yakachengetwa mumakamuri ekare eKorritonievsky, yakarongedzwa kunyange pasi pevaiti vekutanga. Pamusoro peYusupovs inozivikanwa kuti ivo vose muRussia vane dzimba dzakawanda dzeimba, dzimba uye nzvimbo. Nhamba yeva serfs vaiva navo yaifungidzirwa makumi makumi ezviuru, nyika yacho yakaverengwa mazana ezviuru zvehekres. I Yusupov Chambers muSt. Petersburg, nokufananidza, zvakare yakatanga kunzi imba yamambo.

Pakutanga kwezana re XVIII ne XIX. Kuzvinhu zvavo zvakabatanidzwa neimba yevatengesi Chiriev (kugara, imwe-storeyed). Iye zvino muKhayritonyevsky nzira Yusupov yaiva yezvivako zvitatu. Mumazuva iwayo, muridzi wenzvimbo iyi ndiyo yakakurumbira yeYusupovs - Nikolai Borisovich, mushumiri weDhipatimendi rezvematongerwo enyika, seneti, mutungamiri chaiye wepachivande, nhengo yeHarare Council, mutungamiri weHermitage. Mutungamiri mukuru, uyo aizivikanwa semurume akanyatsojekeswa munguva yake uye wezvematongerwe enyika ane ruzivo, akapedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwake kune dzimwe nyika.

Uyu muvakidzani akakurumbira

Chikamu chezvivako zveimba yeimba yakakomba Nikolai Borisovich yakakodzwa. Muna 1801, imba yepakati, pamwe chete nedzimwe sangano rezvemari, rakafananidzirwa nababa vedembo guru Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Sergei Lvovich. Panguva ino, pedo neimba ikoko kwaive kune munda wemichero umo Pushkin shomanana yakanga ichifamba nesana yake. Gare gare, akatamisa hutano hwake hwemucheche kurondedzero "Ruslan and Lyudmila." Kunyange zvazvo munyori wenheyo yeramangwana aigona kugara muimba kwemakore matatu, nzira yeKharitonievsky haina kufanira mubasa rake. Imwe isinganzwisisiki nenyaya yematanda yemapuranga pakona yengoro, maererano neimwe yemaguta ekare, inotaurwa muchitsauko chechinomwe chekuzivikanwa "Eugene Onegin". Inonzi "imba yeTatiana" kana kuti "Larinsky".

Mu cruclain yehondo

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechina. Imba iyo vabereki vedongi guru reRussia vairarama, vakapinda munharaunda yeChirungu AI Vyazemsky. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti imba yamambo yakange yakaipa kwazvo mumoto we1812. Mukati, hapana chakanga chakachengetedzwa. Mushure mokudzingwa kweFrance kubva kuFrance, makamuri akagadziriswa, iyo yekare yakashongedzwa yakadzorerwa. Munguva yekuvaka zvakare pakati pezana remakore re XIX imba yakawanikwa muurongwa u-U-maitiro.

Ikokupedzisira kwemarudzi amarudzi

Boris Nikolayevich Yusupov (uyo anotevera muridzi) aiva mutongi wemambo Emperor Nicholas I, aive mutevedzeri chaiye wepachivande. Akararama zvikuru muSt. Petersburg uye akashanyira kuMoscow chete pakupfuura.

Asi mumakore ekuma1860 upenyu huri mumuzinda weYusupovs hwakanga huripo. Makamuri akadzorerwa zvakare apo Yusupov, Jr., Prince Nikolai Borisovich, akava muridzi weimba, uyo akatenga imba kubva kumudzidzisi wepamusoro akataurwa naPlemyannikov, uyo aimbova pamba yeimba yePushkin. Chambermaster weImperial Court Yusupov aizivikanwa sekukurukurirana kwemimhanzi, mutambi ane unyanzvi uye munyori.

Zvinosuruvarisa, uyu murume akakurumbira ndiye wekupedzisira wevamiririri vevarume vemurume weboka rekare rakanaka reYusupovs. Princess Princess Zinaida Nikolaevna, mwana wake oga, heiress wepfuma yakawanda, akava mudzimai wa Count F. F. Sumarokov-Elston, muzukuru weMIZ Kutuzov, uyo Emperor Alexander III, paakakumbirwa naNikolai Borisovich, akabvumidzwa kunzi Prince Yusupov.

Kudzorerwa kukuru

Mutungamiri wekare Yusupov akashanda nesimba pakupa dzimba dzomuKarritonievsky palace magnificence. Pakuguma kwezana remakore rechina. Kutanga kuburitswa kwaro kukuru, panguva iyo vakavakazve chikamu chekumadokero kwemakamuri, vakashandura chimiro chechimiro chechimiro chemazana ezana remakore rechi17, ndokuvandudza nzvimbo yacho. Ipapo goro rechitatu rakawedzerwa kumakamuri. Denga rekudenga rakadzorerwazve, iro rakafukidzika rakakwirira nemafuta emabwe uye mazai emvura. Mumafasitisi akaiswa girazi - kutevedzera mawindo emu mica muzana remakore re XVII.

"Byzantine" mararamiro

Mhedheni yaive yakarongeka mu Yusupov Palace yakashamisa vaenzi nekunaka kwayo, kunonzi maByzantine akawanda. Vazhinji vakagamuchirwa kuti vaongorore nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzepamusoro dzeimba yamambo kune vose vanoenda. Kunyanya yakarohwa nemuchero wayo wakaisvonaka uye zviyero ndiyo chigaro chechigaro cheumambo, denga rakakwirira raive rakafukidzwa neyezhiacacal nyenyeredzi, uye masvingo akashongedzwa nemifananidzo yejoka, nyanzvi shiri yeSyrin neparadhiso yemaruva. Takatungamirira zvitatu zvebhandi zvakazarura mikova muimba. Mukufananidzira kwemazuva iwayo kwaivawo neChitina nzvimbo neye shiri, mazhenje, marambi eti stylized uye chimiro chechimiro.

Mumufananidzo pane mifananidzo yevose vamiririri vemhuri Yusupov. Mukati yemufananidzo makanga makaiswa mamiriyoni nenguvo yezvombo. Imba iyi yakanga yakashongedzwa nemucheka wekristani wepamusoro, zvioni zveVenetian mumapuranga akavezwa akavezwa uye fesheni yekare. Imba yacho yaiva nehupfumi hwakawanda hwemabasa eumhizha.

Munguva yeChristmas Yusupova

Zinaida Nikolaevna, akakurumbira nokuda kwekunaka kwake, pfuma uye kugamuchira vaeni, aiva mumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira veRussia. Mari yake muMoscow nedzimwe maguta yakavaka makereke, zvikoro uye masangano mazhinji ezvigaro.

Muna 1908, nguva pfupi asati ava namakore makumi maviri emakore, mwanakomana wake Nikolai Feliksovich akafa mu duel. Kutuka kwehama kwakazadzika. Felix Feliksovich, iye oga anoramba ari mumhuri uye mugari wenhaka yeupfumi hwose, akazova mubatanidzwa mukuponda kwaRasputin, panguva iyoyo mumwe wevanhu vakakosha vaikonzera mararamiro evanhu. Kusvikira ikozvino, chakavanzika chorufu rwake chinoramba chiri chimwe chezvinhu zvakavanzika zvisingazivikanwi.

Nationalization

Mushure mekuvandudzwa, F. Yusupov nemhuri yake vakaenda kuEurope. Nzvimbo yavo yakasimudzirwa. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti vaBolshevik vakatambudza muchengeti kuti vawane nzvimbo iyo pfuma yakavanzwa naiye muchinda, asi chakavanzika chakanga chisina kuzarurwa.

Kubvira muna 1928 imba Yusupov yava nzvimbo iyo nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeSoviet dzaivepo.

Kuchinja

Mumakore ekuma1940, pakakwirira pasi peimba yekudyira yakaiswa. Izvi zvakasvibiswa kuti zvinyengedze maitiro ose echivako. Munguva yeSoviet Union, chivako chekugadzira chakanga chisina kudzorerwa. Pakazosvika 1990, imba yaYusupov muMoscow yakanga isati yanyanya kuora.

Muna 1999, zvishoma nezvishoma akadzorera chivako, denga uye yakagadzirwa-yakagadzirwa nematare yakagadzirwa zvakare.

Mazuva edu

Muma2000, basa guru rokugadzirisa nekudzorera basa rakatanga: iyo yakaparadzwa kuchamhembe kwechikwata (kuvaka kwezana remakore rechi19) rakadzorerwa, kunze kwemasvingo mumugwagwa wakabviswa. Yakanga yakanyongedzwa nemavhenekeri akaoneswa, uye yakasimbisa denga. Maererano nezvinyorwa zvezvakaitika kare, mapuranga ekuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba akadzorerwa, mapuranga nematombo pasi pedenga, zvinyorwa zvekare zvemafesheni nemasvingo. Mushure mokudzorerwa, masuo eYusupov Palace muMoscow akazarurirwa kune vose vashanyi. Rwendo rwemakamuri akakurumbira rwakanga rwakaisvonaka uye rwunoda kune vakawanda vaida kuona huni hunoyevedza ivo pachavo. Kuvonga kuedza kweKomiti yeCultural Heritage yeguta guru, rumutsiriro rwezvino rwekuvakwa kwechivako rwakasiyana-siyana kwakaitika.

Nezvekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa nekudzorerazve, Yusupov Palace kuMoscow isingakwanisi kuongororwa. Apo inotanga kukoshesa vatashanyi kune vaenzi, vanhu vazhinji vanofarira. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, zvinokwanisika kuti pamusana pekushanyira kushanyira hakuchazovandudzwa.