History of Sergiev Posad (zvishoma). Sergiev Posad: nhoroondo guta vana

Vadzidzi kazhinji kuziva kare yekare maguta Russian. No Kusara ndiyo nyaya Sergiev Posad. Muchidimbu hazvisi nyore zvakaitika nekuti munharaunda ichi pane anenge 7 emakore, panguva iyo kwayo nyika vakatora nzvimbo yakawanda zviitiko zvinonakidza. Past Sergiev Posad ari zvakabatana chaizvo kuti ari nhandare yoUtatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra - chikuru Russian Orthodox wemamongi, kuona izvo kunokwezva vashanyi uye vakatendeka kubva kunyika dzakawanda. Zvayaiva mukati Golden Ring, guta chinokwezva vashanyi akanaka mumaruwa yakasiyana Monuments of mapurani yekare, mamiziyamu dzinonakidza uye mutsa kwavagere.

kuvambwa wemamongi

Sergiev Posad History yakatanga kusvika 1347 It raiva Radonezh musango riri musango pachikomo pedyo norwizi Makovec Konchury hama Bartholomew uye Stephen akavaka muchitokisi yemamongi uye chechi diki muzita Utatu. Chinangwa hwake vanozvinyima vakatenda basa raMwari, uye akasiyiwa nzvimbo pedyo Moscow asingagoni nani akakodzera kuti ichi. Asi nokukurumidza aneta Stephen gobvu masango uye zvechigarire yemamongi kushayiwa. Kusiya munin'ina wake, akatamira Moscow wemamonk of Epiphany. Bartholomew akava mumongi pasi zita St. Segiyo uye akagara munamati wacho sero. Saka iripo mune voga kwemakore akawanda.

Nokufamba kwenguva, Sergei akatanga kuuya kugadzirisa mamongi kubva kunyika pedyo. Ivo makazviteya chechi akavaka kunhivi Holy Trinity wemamonk, izvo neDare chitarisiko akafanana munhu chine gedhi munharaunda yemapuranga fenzi rimwe taundi duku. Sergiy Radonezhsky wairambidza novices kutora Handouts kuvatorwa, vakavarayira chouviri hwavo nebasa. Saka wemamongi zvishoma nezvishoma akava mupfumi muzinda handicraft kugadzirwa. Around naye vakatanga kuvaka dzimba dzavo vanhuwo zvavo uye Artisan vanhu. Kubva nemisha izvi vakaumba misha zvishoma nezvishoma. Vafundisi zvakare sevasingafungi yokuRussia kwamachinda, achimupa ropafadzo siyana uye feudal neropafadzo.

Basa wemamongi mukukunda Kulikovo

History of netaundi Sergiev Posad hunonyatsobatana zita Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, wakaisa nyika Russian kubva Mongol-wechiTatar joko. Kana uchitenda yaMakoronike, muna 1380, musi avaida kuti Hondo Kulikovo, mubati munyika Russian pamwe chikwata akauya wemamongi kukomborera St. Segiyo.

Reverend Baba kwete chete rinotsigirwa zvokunamata varwi, asi akavapa kubatsira mamongi ake maviri (Aleksandra Peresveta uye Rodiona Oslyabyu) vaigona zvakakwana kubata zvombo. Agamuchira rutsigiro kubva Segiyo, Dmitry Donskoy vake boka racho akaenda Kulikovo Field kundorwa hondo Golden Horde. Maererano ngano dzekare, mamongi vakashinga uye Relight Oslabya varwa muvengi muhondo. Asi pakupedzisira kukupfura vakakwanisa kurova Dmitry Donskoy Tatars uye kukunda ichi chakaratidza kutanga kusunungurwa Russia kubva makore pakudzvinyirirwa.

Kufa muvambi muguta

Reverend baba vakafa muna 1392 uye akavigwa wemamongi yakavambwa naye. History izere Sergiev Posad. Nokuti vana raibuda kwoupenyu eguta seungano mashiripiti kana kuti kuvaudza nei zita mumongi guru, ayo muvambi, aizivikanwa kure kupfuura nzvimbo yake yaanogara. Pakati vanhu akava anozivikanwa somunhu mukuru wezvishamiso uye akarurama kuti akanga kupindamo kwete chete vanhuwo zvavo nyore munyika yakaoma zvikuru nguva, asi vakuru. Makore 30 afa rwacho Segiyo somusande. Vachikudza chiitiko ichi pamusoro penzvimbo yake kuvigwa waradzikwa ibwe Trinity Cathedral, chakavakwa tichiregeredza mwanakomana Dmitry Donskoy Prince George.

Kuparadzwa wemamongi

History of netaundi Sergiev Posad ine mapeji aro inosuruvarisa. Pasinei chokwadi kuti somugumisiro Hondo Kulikov nevarwi Golden Horde akanga akabata munhu unorema kukundwa, vachiri neapo vakarwisa Russian munyika. Muna 1408 iri Tatars akatanga mberi musi Moscow. Pavakasvika nenzira mi- Trinity-Segiyo wemamonk, Yedigei Khan akarayira mauto ake kuti singe nayo. Zvivako Wooden rechitendero akapisa pasi uye akaputsa.

Revival uye kubudirira

Pasinei unokuvadza kurwisa Tatars, haarambidzi kuvapo kwayo, wemamongi panzvimbo iyo gare gare vakaumba Sergiev Posad. Story vana muguta inogona kuudzwa pasina kutaurwa izvi, asi izvi, kunyange zvisingafadzi zviitiko, ivo vanofanirawo kuziva.

3 makore nenjodzi munyika idzi, zvivako zvitsva dzechitendero, izvo kushandiswa pakuvaka ibwe. Kudzorerwa wemamongi akamira zvakasimba pamakumbo ayo, uye achitsigirwa machinda akatanga kuva nokukurumidza uye nani. Aiva kure pakunogumira nyika arable, Mafuro, homesteading pamwe mapurazi, makwapa hove, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Chevaux Ivan Grozny agara achiteerera zvinofungwa mukuru Trinity vafundisi. Muna 1561 akagamuchira kubva yemamongi vafundisi tsigiro mugwaro ravo, izvo akaburuka munhau sezvo "oprichnina". Support changamire mamongi vakauya nyika itsva Holdings uye replenishment iri papfuma tichiregeredza ehurumende-anazvo vanhu.

In pakati XVI remakore Ivan Grozny akarayira kuvaka kupota nyika enzvimbo wemamongi, masvingo ibwe neshongwe 11, achibva atendeuka kuva haripindiki nhare. Nhoroondo Pfupi Sergiyev Posad vana zvinosanganisira mavara mienzaniso sei munhare mumakore 1608-1610 nechiremera wakapikisa anenge polutoraletnyuyu yakakombwa yacho-Lithuanian Polish nechisimba. Kana muRussia muna 1682 vakaputsa mhirizhonga musketeers, ibwe madziro wemamongi akaviga pahasha vasingagutsikani nemauto Princess Sophia Nikolaevna uye Prince Ivan uye naPetro. Pashure pemakore 7, yokupedzisira watopiwa akavanda pachako pano munguva yake pakurwa nokuda choushe. Zvaakanga akwira choumambo, Peter I akatsigira wemamongi nyika zvakasimba. mutemo uyu vakabatsira yavo yemberi kubudirira changamire.

Renaming wemamonk muna Lavra

With rutsigiro vatongi namakurukota akaramba nhoroondo Sergiev Posad. Nokuti vana vachava kufarira kuziva kuti muna 1744 wemamongi Yakazopiwa zita rokuti wemamonk. Izvi honorary rokuremekedza akamupa mikana mitsva uye kwakasimbisa mamiriro ayo pakati zvimwe zvitendero Russian Orthodox. Muna 1782, misha yakawanda yakapoteredza wemamongi, vakabatana munzvimbo inonzi "Sergiev Posad".

Inoumbwa guta vakagamuchira nguvo maoko pamusoro munharaunda yayo vatanga chakavakwa almshouses, Retail zvitoro, yemamongi hotel, akazarura mafekitari, dzimba rokudhinda. Zvishoma nezvishoma, ikava chikuru pakati chitoyi indasitiri, zvava chiratidzo reRussia Matryoshka. Muna 1865, pakati Sergiev Posad uye Moscow rwakagadzirira makwara. It akakwezva Lavra vakawanda vechitendero uye vanamati.

Bolshevik urongwa

Kubudirira Trinity Lavra St. Segiyo uye nyika dzarwo yakaguma kuuya simba Bolsheviks kuRussia. masangano ose echitendero muguta zvakavharwa. On munharaunda wemamongi muna 1919, akavamba miziyamu. The mamongi vakatambudzwa uye vaidzvinyirirwa. With mepu akanyangarika zita "Sergiev Posad". Nhoroondo vana anoratidza kuti muna 1919 zvakanzi ainzi Segiyo, uye muna 1930 - Zagorsk. Zita iri akagamuchira ari kukudzwa echimurenga Vladimir Zagorski.

Sergiev Posad munguva Soviet

Munguva Soviet pakuonekwa guta hwachinja. On Ndima yayo, mafekitari itsva uye zvigayo dzakavakwa. Muna 1932 ndipo yakavhurwa yakasiyana Research Institute matoyi. The hondo vokuGermany vakauya pamusoro kuchinja akayera upenyu kweguta. Vakawanda vaigara ayo vaenda kunorwa vari mberi, 14 vavo mushure kurwa rakanga paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union. Kubvira muna 1946 upenyu muna Sergiev Posad rechitendero zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kuwanazve simba. Kubvira ipapo, wemamongi akatanga kudzokera mamongi.

Muna 1976, guta akavhura Zagorsky shongwe. Kubvira muna 1980 pakatanga kushanda toyi miziyamu. In kukudzwa 1000th gore dzekubhabhatidzwa Kievan Rus 'muna 1988 ari kunharaunda kugarwa, pedo Chechi chitarisiko, yakanga yavakwazve shongwe muvambi St. Segiyo pakati Radonezh. Vaimbove zita Sergiev Posad vakadzoka pashure kuitwa muna 1991 neboka yomunzvimbo referendamu.

The guta ano

Sergiev Posad zvino Zvitendero, tsika, nhoroondo uye muzinda Moscow nharaunda. chikuru uchikwezvwa Its ndiyo Utatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra. Kubvira 1993, zviri kurongwa sechimwe UNESCO World Heritage Site. Shanyira wake kuuya kwete chete vatendi, asi vose vaya vanofarira nhoroondo pfupi weguta Sergiev Posad.