Alexander Peresvet. Magamba eHondo yeKukokovo

Alexander Peresvet - mumwe wevarwi vakakurumbira vokuRussia. Chechi yeOrthodox yakanyorwa sevatsvene. Unhu hwake hwakafukidzwa nenhema uye nhema. Zita romurwi weRussia murwi rinoramba richifamba mumigwagwa nemaguta, uye mukurumbira wake hauna kupera uye anenge makore mazana manomwe.

Biography of Peresvet

Zuva rokuberekwa kwaAlexandro nderokuti zvimwe hazvizivikanwi. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinopupurira kuti mukomana anobva. Iko ndiko, kuve kune yepamusoro. Boyars inotora nzvimbo dzinotungamira uye nzvimbo yekwayo. Muzana remakore rechi14, mukomana wese kubva paudiki akadzidziswa mune zvombo zvehondo. Nzvimbo yekuberekwa - Bryansk. Zvichida, Alexander Peresvet akapinda mumakwikwi uye hondo. Pane imwe nguva akatora mhiko dzakawanda. Mhemberero yacho yakaitirwa muRostov. Sezvo pane zvisiri izvo zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinogona kutendeseka zvichitaura pane zvimwe zviitiko, vanyori venhau dzakaitika vachiri kukurukura nezvehupenyu hwePeresvet. Dambudziko nderokuti vanyori vekare vaigara vachishandisa zvinyorwa nekusimudzirwa. Iko ndiko kuti, mavhundu akakurumbira aizivikanwa nemabasa uye maitiro avo zvavakanga vasina chaizvo. Uye masayendisiti emazuva ano anoona zvakaoma kusiyanisa fikisi kubva kune chokwadi.

Chero zvakadaro, tinogona kutaura zvakachengeteka kuti muna 1380 Alexander Peresvet akanga ari monastic Schemonch. Yaiva mune iyi nharo kuti yakasvika kuHondo yeKukokovo, iyo yakamuunza kubwinya kusingaperi.

Zvinotarisirwa

Muzana remakore rechi14, Russia yakaneta pasi pejoko reMongol-Tatar re Golden Horde. Panguva imwe chete, simba reumambo hweMoscow rakawedzera. Vatongi vazhinji veRussia vakakwanisa kukundwa kakawanda pamusoro pevatatari, izvo zvakapa simba kumirambidza basa. Muna 1376, mauto eRussia akatanga kusunungura nyika yavo, achiunganidza Horde zasi. Mukugadzirisa kudzoka, vanaKhans veMamai vakaparadza humwe hutungamiri huzhinji, asi havana kumbopinda muhondo yakajeka.
Pakazosvika pakati paAgasti, uto reRussia rinosvika muKolomna. Nzira dzakasiyana dzakasiyana-siyana kubva kuRussia dziri kuswededzwa pamwechete nevarwi kuitira kuti vadzokere vatatari kamwechete uye vose. Mutungamiri weHorde Mamai anotenda kuti Dmitry anotya kuyambuka Oka uye anotarisira kuti ambulensi inobatsira Lithuanians. Asi pakutanga kweSeptember, vaRussia vakanga vayambuka rwizi ndokuenda kumativi eRyazan kuenda kuMamaia. Pakati pemasoja aiva Alexander Peresvet.
Kuita kwakadaro naDmitry kwaionekwa sechinhu chinokurumidza. Munyika yose yeRussia yakaparidzira makuhwa pamusoro pekukundwa kwekupedzisira kwesangano revakuru.

Hondo yeKukokovo

Musi waSeptember 8, hondo yakakurumbira Kulikovo uye Peresvet kurwisana naKelubey yakaitika. Zuva rakapfuura, mauto eRussia akayambuka Don River. Mukuru Duke Dmitry akaunganidza pasi pemabhanhire ake kubva kune makumi mana kusvika kune makumi matanhatu vanhu. Mutambo weMoscow waiva wekutanga. Pasi pamakona maiva vaLithuanians neRyazanians. Pausiku hwaSeptember 7, kuongorora kwemauto kwakaitika. Dmitry akanzwisisa mutoro mukuru waakagoverwa kwaari. Kubva pakadaro kukundwa pamberi pevatatari nyika dzose kuMoscow zvingadai zvakawanikwa. Nokudaro, kuongorora kwaiitwa zvakanyatsonaka.
Alexander Peresvet angave ari munharaunda yepamusoro nedare remukuru weMoscow. Pakati peusiku usiku zvikwata zvemativi ose maviri zvinoongorora nzvimbo dzevavengi. Kuno mangwanani chete kune maitiro ekutanga. VaTatars vakauya nevanhu vanenge zviuru zana kuenda kumunda weKukokovo. Kubvira pamazuva emakore ekumavirira anowedzera kuwedzera nhamba yevarwi, zvakaoma kuziva nhamba chaiye. Mamwe mabhuku anoratidza kusvika kumashure makumi mana emasoja eRussia uye kusvika ku 60 000 Tatars.
Mumangwanani eSeptember 8, Rusichi yakavakwa muhondo. Izvo zvinonakidza masimba ehondo inotevera yaitaura hurukuro. Dutu rakakura rakapararira pamusoro pemunda, uye vaRussia vakamirira kwemaawa anoverengeka mubasa kuti vatange hondo. Maawa mashomanana gare gare vaTatars vakabuda kubva musango vane rusvingo rwakasvibirira.

Kurwisana

MuMiddle Ages, hondo yacho yaiwanzopfuura nehondo yevanonyanya kurwisana kubva kuhondo imwe neimwe. Uyu mutemo usina kunyorwa wakaratidzwa zvisingaoneki. Kurwisana kwakagara kusvika pakufa kwake uye hakuna munhu aiva nekodzero yekupindira. Mhemberero yemutsika uyu inodzokera ku BC. Nhoroondo dzekare dzinoratidza kuti panzvimbo pokurwa nemauto maviri, hondo pakati pevanhu vaviri inogona kuitika. Rutsivi rwenyama rwakadzoka. Zvechokwadi, muzvokwadi, zvichida hondo yacho yakatanga pasinei nehondo. Asi iye aive nechinonyanya kukosha mupfungwa kune vevarwi. Kune vakawanda, akanga ari mutsavira.

Duel wePeresvet neChebey

Kune rumwe rutivi rwevaTatars kwakauya Chelyabinsk yakakurumbira. Maererano nemhemberero dzekare, aive akakurumbira nokuda kwesimba rake guru uye masimba ehondo. Akanga ari iye akakodzera mu duels. Ndizvo zvakakonzerwa nevaTatars. Pamberi pehondo yeKukokovo, akanga asingazivi kukundwa. Mumakomo hondo, akashandisa pfumo, mamita yakareba kupfuura nguva dzose, izvo zvakamubvumira kuti auraye muvengi asati agumburana. Kubva muuto reTatar, akabva pabhiza jena, akapfeka nguo jena.
Alexander Peresvet akanga akapfeka nguo dzepepuru uye akamira pasi pe "dema" (tsvuku) reRussia Orthodox bhani. Masoja akasangana nechinangwa chehondo.
Peresvet neChelus vakapararira uye vakamhanyira kune mumwe nemimwe mapfumo akajeka. Vakapesana nehupenyu hwose. Nharo dzakarohwa panguva imwe chete. Peresvet naChelus vakafa kamwechete. Asi Alexander akakwanisa kuramba ari pamabhiza kwenguva refu, izvo zvaireva kukunda kwake. Vakurudzirwa nekukunda kwevarwi vavo Rusichi akatsamwa. Mambakwedza mangwanani akabuda kuungudza kwepombi, uye uto reRussia rakamhanyira kupinda kurwisa.

Peresvet neChelubey kuKukokovo munda: imwe shanduro

Maererano nerimwe shanduro, Peresvet akapfuurira nouchenjeri uye kuzvipira nemaune. Iyo hero, iyo yakarwa naChelubey pamberi peHondo yeKukokovo, yaiziva nezvepfumo refu revavengi. Nokudaro, akabvisa nemaune zvombo zvose, kuitira kuti pfumo revadzivisi veTatar rakapfuura nomuviri waAlexander nokukurumidza uye izvi zvinomubvumira kurova muvengi. Uyu murwi-murwi akashongedza chipfeko chechechi nemuchinjikwa weOrthodox. Chelyabin anozviziva akazvibaya Peresvet, asi iye, ane pfumo mumuviri wake, akasvika kune muvengi ndokumurova. Mukurwadziwa kwerufu murwi weRussia akakwanisa kusvika kune mauto ake uye akawira ipapo.

Hondo

Akakurudzirwa nekukunda uye heroi kuzvipira, mauto eRussia akadanidzira kumuvengi. Mapoka akatarisana nehondo inotyisa. VaTatari vakanga vakakwirira kune nhamba. Asi vanhu vokuRussia vakabva vandomira mauto ehurumende Serpukhovsky. Penguva inokosha, akarova kumashure emauto eTatar. Vakatasvi vemabhiza vakacheka kubva kumashure, vaTatars vakadedera. Vakatendeuka kuva chigumbuso uye vanenge vose vakaurawa.
Kukundwa kweHorde muHondo yeKukokovo Munda kwaiva kutanga kwekusunungurwa kweRus kubva kuTatar-Mongols. Akafuridzirwa nekukunda, machinda eRussia akasarudza kuungana kuMoscow.

Kuvigwa kwe hero

Mutumbi waAlexander Peresvet wakatorwa kuMoscow. Ikoko akavigwa pamwe nekukudzwa kwechiuto pedyo neChechi yeKuberekwa kwaMhandara mumukati wake wekuchema. Magamba ane mhedziso ehondo, akadai saRoodon Oslabya, akavigwa pamwe naye. Muzana remakore rechi18 vavaki vakawanikwa pasi pe belltower bwiro rekare umo Alexander Peresvet aifungidzirwa kuti akavigwa. Vamwe vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanofunga izvi zvisingagoneki. Mushure mekudzorerwa, temberi yakapedziswa neguva rekuviga uye dombo reguva rakavakwa. Yakapfuurira kusvikira makumi maviri nemazana ezana remakore rechi20. Iye zvino mune imwe nzvimbo yekereke yekuve neguva idzva rakavakwa, iro rinodzokorora iyo-iron sarcophagus yePeresvet. Guva rakazarurirwa kune vashanyi.

Memory

Hondo yeHondo yeKukokovo yakanyorwa neChristian Orthodox Church sevatsvene. Zuva rekuyeuka Alexander Peresvet ndiSeptember 7. Moscow State Academy inobata muchinjikwa, unonzi inonzi Peresvet. Munguva dzeHurumende yeRussia, zvikepe zvakawanda zvehondo zvakatumidzwa zita raAlexander. Nhasi kune migwagwa yakawanda, pamwe chete neguta riri munzvimbo yeMoscow, inonzi zita rePeresvet. Muna 2006, chikwata chakakosha cheVV "Peresvet" chakaumbwa.