The Straits of Magellan. Nhoroondo yekuwanikwa

Magellan Strait - nyika inoyevedza yea glaciers nematombo, akazarurirwa uye akatanga kupera kubva Kubvumbi 21 kusvikaNovember 28, 1520. Kusvikira Panama Canal yakavakwa, dambudziko racho raive rinokosha zvikuru mune zvekutengeserana kwenyika. Kusvikira ikozvino, inoshandiswa nezvikepe zvinotenderera kumaodzanyemba kwechezasi kweSouth America. IPacific neAtlantic Oceans inosangana panguva iyi, asi nzira iyi yakaburitsa munhoroondo seisingazivikanwi uye yakaoma. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo Straits yeMagellan yakanyanya kuderera, ichicherechedza mhepo yakasimba uye mhepo, kupfuurira kuburikidza nayo kungave isina ngozi. Mazuva ano vanhu vose vanogona kuona nzvimbo dzisingaoneki dzakaratidzwa nevatasvi vegungwa vepakutanga. Kambani dzakawanda dzekutya muAmerica dzinofamba dzichifamba pamwe chete nechekurumbira uye dzinoshanyira gungwa rakanaka rakafukidzwa nematombo uye glaciers.

Fernand Magelan - mufambisi wengarava uye anoziva, akaberekerwa mumhuri yakanaka muna 1480. Akagamuchira dzidzo yakanaka kwazvo, aifadzwa nekuongorora nyeredzi, akadzidza cosmography uye kufamba. Kubva pauduku hwake, kurota kwake kwaiva kuzarura nzira itsva kuenda kune "zviwi zvezvinonhuwira". Akanga ari wekutanga akasika chirongwa chekufambisa. Apo mambo wePutukezi asina kubvumirana nechinangwa chake, akasarudza kutsvaka rubatsiro rweMambo weSpanish Charles V. Saka, muna 1519, Fernand Magelan ane ngarava shanu dzeSpanish dzakabva muumambo. Mugungwa haana kurega kutenda kuti pane imwe nzvimbo pane imwe nzira kuenda kuAsia, kumadokero.

PaZuva Rose Vatsvene, munaNovember 1520, dutu rine simba rakafambisa ngarava mumugwagwa wakamanikidzwa wakanga wakapoteredzwa nematombo uye glaciers. Zvadaro boka racho harina kumbofungidzira kuti rwendo rwacho rwakaoma sei mberi. Vakafamba ngarava anenge 600 km. Pakaoma, iyo yainzi Magellan "Matare eVatsvene Vose," uye zvishoma gare gare mambo weSpain akautumidza zita rokuti Strait of Magellan mukuremekedza uyo anozivikanwa uye ane ushingi.

Kwemakore akawanda uyo akawana muchengeti akagara ari mutungamiri bedzi uyo akakwanisa kupfuudza chirwere ichi pasina kurasikirwa. Hapana imwe yezvikepe zvake yakagumburwa. Iye ndiyewo wokutanga kuyambuka Atlantic Ocean kuenda kuPacific.

Iyo Straits yeMagellan yaiva kwenguva yakareba nzira shoma uye nzira inokosha yekutengeserana pakati pemhenderekedzo yekumavirira kweAmerica neEurope. Kuronga nyika yegungwa hakuna kubata, kunyange zvazvo Spain yakaramba ichiedza kutarisa ndima iyi. Kunonoka kwezvokudya uye mamiriro ekunze akaoma kwakakonzera njodzi. Muzana remakore rechi19 chete makoroni aibudirira. The Straits of Magellan yaitungamirirwa nevakuru veChilean. Muna 1848, guta rechikepe rePunta Arenas rakatangwa pano, iro rakazosvika pakatanga muna 1914 wePanama Canal yaiva imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kukosha munyika.

Dambudziko racho rinorara pakati penyika yeSouth America uye neTierra del Fuego archipelago . Inenge iri munzvimbo yose yemvura yeChile, kunze kwekumabvazuva kwayo ndeyeArgentina. Kureba kwayo kunosvika 570 km, uye upamhi - kubva pa 2 km munzvimbo dzakamanikana uye kusvika pamakiromita makumi maviri-makumi maviri.

Chimwe chezviitiko zvinokosha zvikuru munhoroondo yezana remakore rechi16 ndiyo kufamba kwaFernand Magellan. Ndiye iye akakwanisa kuratidza kuti Pasi rine mufananidzo wepakati. Ndima kubva kuAtlantic yakavhurwa, uye veEurope vakakwanisa kuyambuka gungwa guru kwekutanga - Kuchengeta. Uyewo munguva yekufambisa, Columbus mazano ekuti nyika inowanikwa pamusoro penzvimbo yePasi yakatsoropodzwa. Magellan akawana kuti zvinhu zvose zvakasiyana. Akasiya chiratidzo chikuru munhau, hutsinye hwake hwakatevedzwa, hwakarumbidzwa. Zvose zvinyorwa panguva iyi zvaitungamirirwa naA. Pigafetta, uyo akabatanidzwa mukufambisa semuzvipiri. Zvinyorwa zvake zvezvakanyorwa zvinoratidzwa nekururama kwekupa mharidzo uye zvinoperekedzwa netsanangudzo dzinokosha.