Nikolai Novikov munyori, mutori wenhau uye mudzidzisi. Zvinyanya kukosha zvehupenyu hwaNikolai Novikov

Muzana remakore gumi nemasere muhupenyu hwenyika yedu waiva akapfuma mumazita evanhu vane tarenda vakaita kuti nhoroondo iende mune imwe nzira yekujekesa vanhu. Mumwe wevanhu ava aiva mutori wenhau akajeka uye wekutanga, munyori uye mudzidzisi Nikolai Novikov.

Funga nezvenyaya yehupenyu uye basa guru romurume uyu zvakanyatsorondedzerwa.

Zvikuru zvehupenyu: huduku, huduku, makore ekudzidza uye kushanda

Novikov Nikolai Ivanovich akazvarwa mudunhu reMoscow, muimba yevabereki vake Tikhvinsky-Avdotin, muna 1744. Mhuri yake ndeyemhuri yakanaka.

Kuberekwa kwaNikolai kwakapedzerwa mumusha wakanyarara, mudzidzisi wake wokutanga waiva mudzikoni wemadhikoni. Gare gare, mukomana akapinda chikoro chakanaka cheMoscow, chaakadzingwa muna 1760 "chesimbe."

Mushure mekudzingwa kubva kuchikoro Nikolai Novikov haana kuzvipira kusuruvara, asi akazvipira nguva yake yekusununguka kuverenga mabhuku. Makore mashomanana gare gare, muna 1762, akapinda mubasa remauto muuto rainzi Izmaylovsky. Kuva muzviitiko zvenguva yakajeka mukushandurwa kwemambo, semugumisiro wekuti Catherine Mukuru akakunda munyika, Novikov akakurudzirwa kuva vatungamiri nemurairo weimba itsva.

Catherine akawana basa rejaya rakadzidza uye rakanyatsoverengwa. Nikolai Novikov akabatanidzwa mune nhamba yevamiririri avo vakanga vakagadzirirwa kunyora kodhi yenyika yemberi. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Nikolai Ivanovich akanga akanyatsoziva nezvemabasa ake matsva uye akaedza nesimba rake rose kuti abatsire Babaland.

Journalism

Nikolai Novikov akapinda munhoroondo yeRussia semunyori wenyanzvi uye muparidzi. Muna 1769, akasiya basa rehondo uye akatanga kuona kurota kwake: munyori (pamwe nevamwe vakawanda vanovhenekera) vaidavira kuti nokuudza vanhu zivo yakarurama, iwe unogona kuchinja sangano kuti rive nani. Chiri chekurwa kwake, akasarudza satire.

Novikov akatanga kushambadzira magazini akawanda. Vakatumidzwa kuti "Truten", "Purse", "Painter", "Pustomelya". Muzvinyorwa izvi Novikov akaedza kuseka manzwiro ezvenguva yake: akatsigira kuchinja kwehutano hwekudzidzisa uye kurera, akaratidza kukanganisa kwemajeri, kusaziva uye kusaruramisira kwevanhu. Akaramba achitsoropodza zviito zvezviremera nenzira ine munyoro.

Magazini ake akatora nzvimbo yevadzivisi maererano nehuwandu hwezvinyorwa "Zvinhu zvose zvezvinhu", izvo zvakatsigirwa zvakasimba naCatherine Mukuru.

Zvinonzwisisika, mabhuku akabudiswa naNovikov akavharwa nehurumende nekuda kwesimba ravo rakasununguka uye rakashinga.

Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa

Zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwake zvakakwanisa kuita Nikolai Novikov, nhoroondo yemurume uyu-chisimbiso chakajeka cheizvi.

Anozivikanwa Nikolai Ivanovich uye saiye akadzidzira mudzidzisi. Peni yake ndeyemabasa akawanda, akataurirwa kuvabereki nevadzidzisi. Izvi, sekutonga, basa remashoko uye mabasa ezvinyori ezvinyorwa pamusoro pekudzidzisa.

Ichokwadi, Novikov anozvidzivirira pachake padzidziso, zvichibva pane pfungwa dzekujekesera uye hukama hwevanhu. Anoramba simba rekudzidzisa chirango chepanyama chevana, anoratidza kudiwa kwevabereki kunyatsocherechedza chikonzero chekumutsa chizvarwa chiduku, kuda vana vavo, kuvhenekera pfungwa dzavo neruzivo, uye mweya nemuenzaniso wakanaka.

Anonyanya kusimbisa Novikov nezvekudzidzisa tsika uye kukura kwechizvarwa chechidiki mumhuri uye mune zvidzidzo. Anotaura nezvekudiwa kwekudzivisa kutora vana kutarisira vadzidzisi vashandi nevashandi, uyewo kudiwa kwekuwana zvakaenzana kuchikoro chevarume nevasikana.

Masonic Lodge

Novikov Nikolai Ivanovich aiva nhengo yeMasonic lodge - sangano rakavanzika rakavanzika, rakapararira mumakore iwayo muEurope uye muRussia.

Kwenguva yokutanga pamusangano wemasheni akasununguka Novikov akanga ari muna 1775 - akakweverwa nemafungiro ekujekesa, kuremekedza tsika, chido chekuumba hurumende itsva.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Novikov akasika imba yake yokudhinda pamusoro peMoscow University nekuda kwekutsigirwa neshamwari-mason. Pfungwa dze Freemasonry nePurotesitendi dzakanyorwa mumabhuku akawanda eunyori.

Kuguma uye makore ekuregererwa

Yaiva yemafungiro ake ainzi Novikov.

Muna 1792, pamurairo weMmress, akasungwa ndokuiswa muimba yeShlisselburg. Kupomerwa kwakauyiswa kune munyori kwakaratidza kuti akaparadzira mabhuku echiSpanish-Protestant uye Masason, pane kunyadzisa pfungwa dzevanhu venguva yake.

Ikoko kune mafungiro evanotori venhau dzakaitika kuti mugari wenhaka pachigaro choumambo - mwanakomana weEmpress Paul-akanzwisiswa nemafungiro evaMasons uye akabata zvakanaka Novikov, saka amai vake vamambo vakanga vakanyanyisa pamusoro pemunyori.

Nenzira, pakarepo mushure mekufa kwaamai vangu Pavel vakasunungura Novikov kubva munhare. Zvisinei, kuburikidza nokubvuma kwake, akarasikirwa nehutano hwake hwose mutirongo. Pakuda kwake, akabuda somunhu akwegura akangwara, uyo akarota chete chinhu chimwe chete - rugare uye kusateerera.

Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov, ane nhoroondo yakazara yepamusoro uye yakaderera, akapedza makore ake ose muimba yevabereki, kutarisira varimi uye kutungamirira hupenyu hwakanyarara. Akafira muna 1818 uye akavigwa munzvimbo yake.