Emma Goldman - Ndaimboita, imwe anarchist: Biography, mabhuku, anoparadzirwa anarchism uye evakadzi

Emma Gold akaziva undisputed musoro FBI Edgardom Guverom "mukadzi kupfuura ngozi mu America." Ndianiko iye? Sei iye akapiwa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti pamusoro Krasnaya Emma? Uye sei akaita sei kupondwa purezidhendi American? izvi zvose zvizere zvikuru munyaya.

pakuberekwa

Emma Goldman akaberekerwa Russia, zvakawanda chaizvo kubva Russian Empire. Akaberekwa muna Lithuania, kuKaunas, June 27, 1869. Nhasi, guta anonzi kuKaunas. Vabereki vake vaiona zviduku vaJudha Bourgeois, ivo ane chigayo duku, waimira sezvo kunobva chokuvapo kwavo. Apo Emma aiva nemakore 13, mhuri yakatamira St. Petersburg.

In guru panguva Vachiita echimurenga upenyu: mumaoko nemagandanga maviri kuzviuraya akauraya chevaux Alexander II. Unokwezva pamwe echimurenga pfungwa ipapo vaiona mufashoni dandadzo pakati vechidiki. Maiva pamakore aya, pfungwa dzakadaro "kombera" Emma.

The kuenda kumwe yokutanga United States

At 17, Emma akanga vakatama kuUnited States. In Rochester (NY) akatanga mufekitari Whitehead Textile. Muna 1887 akaroorwa mushandi uye akagamuchira citizenship. Zvisinei, mweya nokupanduka pacharo ainzwa: akadzidza pamusoro mana akasungirirwa vapanduki kuita bope pakati Chicago, uye pakarepo akasarudza kupinda anarchist sangano.

political maonero

Kusvikira zvino, vanhu vazhinji vanofarira mubvunzo mumwe: chii rinoparidzwa Emma Goldman - anarchism, anarcho-necommunism, anarcho-individualism, anarcho-evakadzi? hachizi mhinduro. Emma aiva mumwe wevaya zvechokwadi vanotenda muna yakakwirira nevatambi kuzvitonga, hweruzhinji. Kuti anarchism, kwaro maonero, akaratidza yorusununguko mupfungwa, hana, matauriro. Its kudzvinyirira vanachandagwinyira yechinangwa munhu centralized mamiriro, iro rinotarisirwa chete kuti muranda, atambudze makirasi nokuda kwevamwe. Asi nevamwe chepfungwa "Red Emma" akanga kuti akanga asina kunzi kufira "pfungwa yakajeka yeramangwana." Mukupesana, aida upenyu, akada kutenda kuchinja remangwana. vavengi varo ndivo vane upenyu akanga asiri mukuru ukoshi.

Ko Emma akanga ari echimurenga?

Kusvikira zvino, mamwe nevanhu uye venhau mubvunzo: kwakanga kusina echimurenga Emma? Zvakanaka kwaari ndokupfura kubva muna 1917 mu Russia muchikepe ane tsvina okuberekwa? Kana iwe ongorora unonyatsoenderana enyika maonero panyaya idzi hazvishamisi. Ndaimboita Emma zvinopfuura zvose zvatinosiita mufananidzo echimurenga. Chinhu chikuru mairi - kuti sika pfungwa yemberi chinopenya pfungwa chimurenga. Haafaniri kuva chero zvavanoda, hapana manzwiro, hapana nyaya, hapana zvakabatanidzwa. Kunyange zviroto vane echimurenga vanofanira chete kuva kwakazvarwa pamuviri zvinangwa. Ndezvomuzvarirwo kuti arege kwekanguva mubvunzo kana kuti ape upenyu hwake nokuda rakajeka zvinangwa yemberi.

Emma ane akasiyana zvachose maonero. Airemekedza uye kunamatwa theorists yeRussian Revolution: Mikhail Bakunin, Sergeya Nechaeva, Nikolaya Ogarova. Asi Emma haana kubvumirana navo mupfungwa zvachose Absorção de Água ari echimurenga pfungwa. Ndinotenda kuti pfungwa dzakadaro havasi kwakasiyana kufunga vokubhengi guru musi Wall Street, rinova kunyudzwa zvakazara mubasa rake pamusoro dzokubudisa kuti purofiti. Sei shaisa pachako zvepabonde, okugadzira zvinhu, mufaro upenyu nokuda chimurenga? Ko kuvaka remangwana yakajeka zviri? Zvino sei navo ikozvino chibayiro?

Emma akanzwa kuti pasina mufaro murume ichichinja biorobot vari mhuka zvisingafungi, izvo rinoiswa kundobayiwa nokuda zvinangwa yemberi risinganyatsozivikanwi. shamwari dzake ndevaya chete sezvo akaramba chibayiro nokuda zvizvarwa rakajeka. izvi zvose rinoratidza munhu wechisikigo mubvunzo: kana Emma akanga zvechokwadi echimurenga? Kana zvakanga chete mumiririri boka revanhu vari ramangwana vachava zita "veruzhinji"?

Kurwisa Emma

Emma Goldman vakasarwa kuti chaihwoihwo pfungwa "kuvaka ramangwana rakajeka," uye kuti zvinzwisiswe chaizvo uye kuipa zvinhu vaionekwa pakati American anarchist kuipandukira vasingakoshi, achinyengedza nokuti pabonde rusununguko, kuchinja zvinhu kupfungwa yokuroora, kusiyiwa kuti kuhondo uye vamwe.

US Zviremera hazvina funga kukurudzira asiri muchiuto "achinyengedza": muna 1917 raiva War World First. US vatsigiri kubatsira kwete chete mashoko uye zvekushandisa rutsigiro, asiwo akatumira pamberi pemauto ake. Munhuwo vokuAmerica havadi kuenda kuhondo, pfungwa yokurega uye sabotaging chikumbiro akawana kushanda. Naizvozvo Emma mabasa iyi nguva vaiona ngozi. Muna 1917, iye nevamwe vapanduki vakawanda akatuma Russia, apo panguva iyoyo akanga akatakurwa kunze Great October Revolution.

Akayangarara kure United States muigwa uye akatarira kure panguva Statue of Liberty, Emma anoti, "Uye nyika iyi vanodada rusununguko rwokutaura, yakazvimirira maonero, asi ndakanga vakaendeswa nokuti."

Pandakangosvika Russia

Inoenda nyika yedu akafuridzirwa Emma. Iye vaiona Soviet Russia advance nyika, iyo inofanira kuratidza nyika muenzaniso. Chimwe dai zvakadaro Russian umambo simba kuparara pasi nokurohwa ari echimurenga ehondo, vakasara nyika kunyanya Musadzivisa. Ko Emma aiziva mamiriro ezvinhu vechokwadi Soviet Russia, chaenda muchikepe? Unknown. Panguva ino, Lenin uye Bolsheviks vakanga refu vakamira kure vose echimurenga mauto akabata simba, akasungwa vapanduki zhinji uye magariro kuipandukira. Chakatokanganisa rakatanga "kunovhima" vake vebato nhengo pamwe zviri Menshevik bapiro.

Uchisangana Lenin

Emma Goldman akasangana kuipandukira dzakawanda munyika yedu. Ndaifamba kushanyira kunyange anarchist Nestor Makhno, asi iye kunyanya akayeuka musangano V. I. Leninym. It zvachose mafungiro Red Emma kusvika Russian Revolution. Emma uye Vladimir Ilyich haana kufanana mumwe. Mutungamiri Russian chimurenga uye kwete nezvazvo, asi "mukadzi America vanofanira ngozi," pfungwa dzake zvisingawanzoitiki, asi ane kunaka tinge. Emma akafunga kuti chimurenga akapa nyika muenzaniso hweruzhinji, rusununguko rwokutaura, chitendero, zvichingodaro Zvisinei, mashoko Lenin wacho zvachose maonero ichi :. Lenin pamusangano akati kuti izvi zvose zviri inongova Bourgeois rusaruro.

Kutaura zvazviri, Bolshevik mutungamiri, akati tsitsi kuti ropa zviitiko munyika yedu, kwete chete haana kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu zvose vashandi, asi nekusiyana, chete achiipa. Kutya uye Nokutyisa - Ndivo nevatambi chikuru upenyu hutsva. Sezvingatarisirwa, kuti Emma vaisagona kutsigira izvi. Iye akazonyora Lenin kuti "anoziva sei kutamba pamusoro kusakwana kwevanhu kumeso, mibayiro uye Medals. I akaramba nechokwadi kuti aigona kuzadzisa pashure zvirongwa zvavo kubvisa kwavari. " Raiva mwoyo uye Lenin, uye nevatambi yeRussian Revolution.

kudhipotwa shure

Muna 1921, pakava gangaidzo chinhu: Emma akatuma nechikepe kudzokera kwarakabva kare akadzingirwa - muUnited States. Chikonzero ndiro: akaramba kunyarara.

Muna 1924 iye rakabudiswa bhuku wake "My Kuodzwa mwoyo muRussia." Iye anoratidza sei mukadzi uyu akanga akaperera, vanotaura chokwadi chete, haana enyika kuroorana. Hapana aigona mhosva dzouori, kudzivirira munhu zvido. Zvechokwadi, pakutanga yaiva kusimudzira anarchism muUnited States. Pashure pokunge vakaendeswa kuRussia haana kundorwa "dzakaora West." Mukupesana, yokuona kuipa ezvinhu vanhu Russia mushure Revolution, akatanga kudzivirira hwoutongi misimboti West, kwaari uye akatuma shure.

The pakuonekwa bhuku "Kuodzwa mwoyo wangu mu Russia" yakaparadzana neshamwari dzake dzakawanda, leftist. Emma haana hanya. Chinhu chikuru, akafunga - kuudza vanhu chokwadi, zvino, chii munotenda. Kuti vanozvinyengera uye nevamwe nokuda kwenguva duku zvaunofarira haana maitiro ake.

Kupondwa McKinley

vakararama Emma vake vaiona kubatanidzwa wake zvisina kunanga munyaya kupondwa purezidhendi American. Zvisinei, zvakawanda zvinopikisana munyaya.

Wa25 US President William McKinley akafa musi September 14, 1901. The yepamutemo shanduro ndiyo sezvinotevera: musoro vaisagona kurarama nemigumisiro chigaro. September 5, 1901, "pashure pokuteerera romoto kutaura Emma Goldman," kushingaira anarchist Leon Frank Leon Czolgosz akapfura kaviri President raMwari Pan-American Exhibition muna Buffalo.

Strange madimbu

Kupondwa purezidhendi weAmerican muna 1901 hakusi nyore.

Chekutanga, nyika kunzwisisa basa dziviriro. Chokutanga, tsvimbo akataura kuti haisi akacherechedza chero kufungira vanhu. Zvadaro kuverenga kuchinja: Leon Czolgosz raimirira chaizvo kukura dema hweta, uyo aiita kwavari ngozi. Zvadaro vanoregereiko akaona pfuti mumaoko ane anarchist naye? Zviya, ichi ndicho hweta neutralized Leon Czolgosz kuridza kuti musoro nechibhakera chake pashure yechipiri vapfurwa.

Chechipiri, kuti gahadziko zvichaitika. The President haana kufa pakarepo. Mukuwedzera, shamwari uye voukama vakati kuti iye achararama, riri gadzira. September 13, 1901 wokudhinda kwazvo trumpeted kuti McKinley akatanga kudya zvokudya zvikukutu, achapora nokukurumidza, uye musi waSeptember 14, President akafa zvisingatarisirwi.

Pashure porufu rwake, akava kuita mutungamiri Teodor Ruzvelt, iyo idanho haana kutsauka purezidhendi airwara. Papera chinguva, aizova munhu mamiriro wokutanga.

Last political basa Emma

Saka ndiani uyu Emma Goldman? Biography mukadzi uyu unopa zvizvarwa kunzwisisa chii - muenzaniso mupenyu Kutsiga mafungiro, nezvaakatonga. vanhu vose mumakore vachinje mafungiro avo kune zvimwe zvinhu, mashoko, achifunga izvozvo nguva achimbonzwa kuneta, boyish, uye vamwe. Emma haasi kwekanguva kurega kutenda neururami dzavo kunyange kana mwoyo muna Russian Revolution. Makore ake okupedzisira naiyewo yakazvipira kune zvematongerwo hondo: muna 1936, akaenda kuSpain kutsigira Spanish vapanduki iri Civil Hondo parutivi Republican hurumende.

More mupenyu, iye Haazodzokeri kunyika yake yechipiri. May 14, 1940 Emma anofa ane pfungwa chokubuda. Her kutsunga kunoviga pamwe pena pedyo vapanduki muChicago, nokuti iyo yakatanga kutamburira yaro ive yakanaka vanhu.