Chirangaridzo 411 mabhatiri, Odessa: photo, kero, mirayiridzo

Muguta-gamba pamusoro Odessa inzvimbo kudiwa vagari vose uye vakawanda vakokwa, isingakanganwiki kune Vanasekuru edu, vakakunda ari anotyisa hondo rusununguko pachavo vavo nevana. Inenge pamahombekombe, wakanaka munyoro paka, iri panze Museum, kuti mugove wakatarwa utsaurirwe kuyeuka hondo nokuti kufarira guta - Chirangaridzo 411-fung bhatiri muna Odessa. Muguta mukomana yose muduku clambered zvivako zvose muchiuto munguva idzodzo. Wokupinda kuruzhinji akasununguka, unogona kuona zvose Exhibits, kubata, monyorora. Kubvumirwa kuzoongorora zvose, hapana munhu kutaura. Asi vashanyi kunzwisisa nhoroondo kukosha rechiuto michina.

Start okuvaka

Mushure pakutanga hasha wokuti Germany rinotungamirirwa Adolf Hitler, hurumende yakasarudza kuti zvinokosha kutanga mupomerwi nzira kudzivirira nemiganhu yayo, kunzwisisa mukana chaiwo ane yakarwisa Soviet Union.

Kudzivirira kumaodzanyemba komuganhu pemhenderekedzo Gulf Odessa akatanga kubva 1934 kusvika 1936, pamwero mukuru kuvaka kudzivirira zvivako kuti 411 Odessa bhatiri. Chinangwa chacho chaiva kuratidza muvengi kurwisa kubva gungwa warships sezvo vaifanira kutsigira pasi mauto pasi nechisimba vaFascist.

Kuvaka Zvivako

All yanyatsosimba kongiri hurongwa yakavakwa vasungwa, varume 2,000, pasi yakaoma kutarisira NKVD uye kutora chikamu engineering kuvakwa kurapa wengarava mauto. Above mumwe kongiri chisanganiso vakamira yokuzviparadzanisa mukuru Affairs Internal uye akaona kuti kodzero kuwedzera zvinodiwa zvinoriumba iri mhinduro. Viewed kunoparirwa sezvo nhare aifanira kuva nesimba kwazvo. Used kongiri mugwaro 600 uye hurungudo pamwe Odessa mahombekombe. General D. Karbyshev akashandisa michina yemhando yepamusoro kuti nguva pakuvaka zvivako zvechiuto.

Mumwe Hopper ane marongera kaviri 3 masendimita warrior simbi zvakasimbisa kongiri kuvaka uye vane Ukobvu anosvika 1 mamita 75 cm. Huge pemigero vachererwa simba uye pfuti zvivako. Pamusangano kudzika 18 M akanga acherwa ndima pevhu unobva atirari zvinzvimbo kubva murayiro post, riri chinhambwe 750 metres pamahombekombe apo panopinda. Kusimbiswa kwayo pamusoro dzokurwa ndiro. The kuvakwa yave apedzera matani 11.6 nendarama.

bhatiri mugomba

Ivo chaimbova conning shongwe huru mutungamiri 411 Battery Odessa nokuongororwa muzinda zviito muvengi. BK-Manyiminya mudziyo 10 chinhu kwakawedzera ka20. Nokuti mashoko pamusoro kupfura huru dzakanga pasi zvakananga pambiru nhungamiro huru 180-mm pfuti. By ndima pevhu dzaiva mitsara netambo uye nezvimwe zvinoshandisa magetsi. Sezvo mugomba racho wakanga wakarerekera, uye mvura kunogona kukangaidza pfuti akachera chinokosha zvaimutambisira gungwa guru umo mvura pumped ne simba Pombi pemvura.

Uyewo ari pevhu vane mamwe mabasa: bhaira mukamuri, kamuri kuti Diesel-dzinofambiswa zvokushandisa, Nokuraramisa pfuti michini, yemagetsi. Pasi pasi akanga vachera sezvo dzokuchengetera huni uye lubricants, vanoverengeka okuchengetera dzehondo, kusvika 1,000 cubic metres. M mvura nerimwe. Kana pindana muvengi kuwana mvura matura 411 Vagari Odessa bhatiri aigona dzinovapa mvura kwenguva yakareba. Capacitance kukasawedzerwa mumatsime chitubu ane kudzama mamita 30.

A yakagozha kufefetedza hurongwa inopa huru pevhu nzvimbo ine mhepo yakachena. Tsika nenyere boilers kudziyisa mumba. All chinokosha rutsigiro upenyu Murongerwo iri pasi pevhu. Pamusoro pemvura vakanga chete hunde dzacho pfuti hombe saizi aigona vachiridzira kure 40? Km.

ordnance

For zvitatu romumhenderekedzo yegungwa atirari pfuti yairema matani 160, ane akatendeuka mudziyo 3 yaicherwa pachivande kwemba. It zvokurimisa pachivande vachasimudza unotii projectiles achirema 97,5 makirogiramu. The rinokosha trolley 2 atirari pfuti vakaunza kuti kuvhura. Mamita vanodzivirirwa nemakemikari kurwisa. Maoko ayo anodonhedzwa pashure nomumwe bara, ndokukungurusira kuva inokosha yepasi tangi, mudungwe machira emhangura.

Dzezvivanze vakanga kupembedza chimbichimbi haazotaurwizve pevhu muchiuto. Panguva bara akafukidza zvose madhoo pakati pamakamuri. Kana moto paiva kunzwisisa hurongwa otomatiki moto anodzima kuti musha zvose. Service 411 Odessa bhatiri raiva 365 vashandi.

Around izvi zvinokosha zvishandiso vatatu vari chinhambwe matatu 45-mm Anti-ndege pfuti ine platoon achiishumira. Uyewo, kuti bhatiri murindi vakamira quadruple pfuti matatu Anti ndege, "Bamba", iro rakapa mhepo kudzivirira nzvimbo. Nechekare paivakwa unodzivirira kunzwisisa Gunners nyanzvi yakagozha unyanzvi uye kuitisa kudzidzisa pasi pokudzora ruzivo nyanzvi.

masking zvivako

Panguva vachiridzira pfuti nezvivanze akafukidzwa kamafurashi mambure uye mapazi emiti. Pashure basa mamiriro akanga akafukidzwa guru inoshandisa dzidziso nemikova, yaiva nyika duku imba, imwe miti uye mizambiringa shoma. Kunyengedza muvengi pedyo ino nzvimbo yacho bhatiri, vanenge 700 metres, yaiva wenhema bhatiri.

Plywood kuvaka shongwe aimbova hunde dzacho rambi akaita pfuti dhiramu. Built outbuildings. Panguva iyoyo, apo bhatiri ichi kuita kurwisa mishoni, pamusoro nzvimbo dzenhema decoration varwi dzakavhenekera utsi mabhomba kuti zvakazara simulated kweutsi vachiridzira kwepfuti.

Ndege German pane kamwe mukutaura bhatiri kwenhema uye kudzingwa basa kubva mhepo yemapuranga zvokushandisa. Pashure pehondo, masoja nguva imwe neimwe zvachose akavakazve akaparadza zvokushandisa, kwete kuti vaponese upenyu hwavo.

The umhare kudzivirira Odessa

Muna 1941, August 5, nenguva 9 o'clock mangwanani rakarira yokutanga nguva volley ane 180-mm pfuti. Uto Romanian rakabayirwa pasi Akkerman munhare, uye matochi mutungamiri Ivan Nikolaevich Nikitenko akapa murayiro wokutanga rokuputsa makuru ehondo muvengi. Mushure putika anoshongwa, vanobhururuka kweinosvika kukwira pamusoro 18 km, kusvika yomuvengi unhu, kuti Romanians akatya. Vaifunga kuti akapfura pamwe ndege. Akazarura mune chinhu mumatenga atirari akadzoka moto. Ramba moto, mauto edu zvakakonzera irreparable kukuvara masimba muvengi.

Captain I. N. Nikitenko akagamuchira kadhi mashoko kubva mutungamiri yechi25 Chapayev Division, Major-General Ivan Petrov, waimira murindi pamusoro kumaodzanyemba kudunhu Defense. Mupikisi vakanzwa zvizere simba kuzvidzivirira nzvimbo uto reSoviet. matani anopfuura 200 keriya simbi anofa akarova pasi munzvimbo muvengi.

Shooting chaiitirwa pasina kumbomira, masikati nousiku. Kunyange rakakura simbi zvokushandisa vasiri kuchengeta hondo incandescent. Worn rifling ari dhiramu. Military vanatenzi vakakwanisa kuchinja husiku hunde dzacho pakati multi-tani pfuti bvisika liners pamwe shinda. Panguva kugadzira, zvimwe zvishandiso haana kurega vachiridzira pane nzvimbo muvengi. Zvinoshamisa, hapana murwi pevhu nhare haana kunyange wakakuvadzwa vose nguva kuzvidavirira.

An kuti kupa muguta

3 Mazuva pamberi Kuregwa guta muvengi bhatiri akaendeswa zvinoputika. Varwi verenga kubva sezvakarayirwa 1 October of Kuregwa guta shure hondo. Ndivo chaizvo mafungiro kwaari uye haana kuda kutora guta, asi mirayiridzo muri varayirwa, uye akanga asina sarudzo, asi kutevedzera. Rinorema mwoyo artillerymen kugadzirira kuchera nzvimbo bhatiri. varwi vakawanda vaenda pamusoro hove seiner "Dutu", "Krasin" uye "The Odessa-1", mafungiro evanhu 40 chete akasara.

October 16, 1941 usiku, ari umhare bhatiri kufukidza kushaya kuti Odessa Maritime Army kubatsira kudzivirira Sevastopol, ndine vavengi nokuda 230 kwepfuti. Zvadaro, musi mirairo nezviremera vemauto, panguva 4am umhare bhatiri nzvimbo rakaputiswa kumusoro, uye vashandi kuburikidza yezvokutengeserana chiteshi nengarava akatumwa kudzivirira Sevastopol.

A mutero magamba

Vanoonga Odessans haagoni asi kubhadhara mutero magamba uye kusiya bhatiri residues pasina pfungwa. Naizvozvo, chisarudzo Regional Council musi 28 July 1971 kwakasarudzwa kuti pave chirangaridzo 411 Odessa bhatiri. Zvinonzi rakamiswa pamusoro penzvimbo yaro nzvimbo. In vaimbova nezvivanze wakabhombwa pfuti hombe shongedza inoerera, vashoma miti. Chete pfuti imwe ive zviratidzwa Chirangaridzo, akauya kubva zvivako kwakadaro chiteshi Soviet Far East.

Akazviuyisa pamusoro zvina zvikuru njanji platforms vane 250-tani kondo. Zvikuru akadzorera pfuti yechipiri pachivanze chake. Wekutanga wechitatu aiva zvachose razvorocheny zvinoputika. Akashandisa kusika chive chirangaridzo bhatiri 411 Odessa mapikicha nguva idzodzo, uye zvinyorwa.

Huro chirangaridzo

Huru Panovhurwa chirangaridzo zvakaoma kupemberera yechi30 gore Kukunda Great, May 9, 1975. Mhemberero yaiva nyanduri akakurumbira, aimbova varwi, kubhadhara kushanya kune nzvimbo bhatiri munguva yehondo, Konstantin Simonov. Akaverenga ndima iri dzinotaura zvechiuto. Vatauri zvaisanganisira vamiririri kubva kuhurumende uye nyanzvi zvechiuto.

Akaunganidzawo dzakasiyana-siyana uto kwemashoko nguva; asi pasi pemvura chikepe "Baby", ndege, pfuti Anti ndege, warrior zvitima, zvombo, torpedoes, pemvura mabhomba, minesweeper, uye kunyange trams, izvo panguva yehondo cruised kubva "Zastava 2 - mberi" uye akatora vakakuvadzwa .

Odessa Museum 411 Battery

Zviri munhau miziyamu nevanozvitsigira ndangariro 411 bhatiri Odessa pakero: mumugwagwa Dacha Kovalevsky, 150. anomhanya ose zuva kunze Chishanu, kubva 10.00 kusvika 17.00. Excursions, uye munhu zvose boka, chinogona kurongwa nokuonana kudana miziyamu kutarisira.

The miziyamu Exhibits kuva masoja 411 bhatiri Odessa, mapikicha avo nguva, mapikicha vehondo uye vanhuwo Gunners, avo pachavo zvinhu, zvinyorwa nezvimwe nhoroondo pfuma. Vakaperekedza inofadza dzinoyevedza Tours, panguva iyo vashanyi vachadzidza zvakawanda zvinhu kubva upenyu bhatiri 411 Odessa, nhoroondo yawo zvisikwa uye chechokwadi shanduro mauto kununura, kwete kuzivikanwa pakati vanhuwo zvavo.

How kusvika chokurangaridza?

The kunzwisisa inogona nomuongorori chitima nhamba 19 kubva yechi16 ravarwi Big Fountain. Kwokupedzisira vanorega - 411 bhatiri Odessa. How kuti nebhazi kuti chirangaridzo? Nyore. Vanofamba zvishoma. Kubva peguta pamwe Cathedral Square anoendazve nhamba 175 uye nhamba 185. Kubva Peresypskogo zambuko anoenda zvakananga bhazi nhamba 191. Kubva Krivobalkovskogo kumakuva Achatora nhamba makore 197. Unogonawo kuenda netsoka kubva wokupedzisira chemabhazi pamusoro trolleybuses nhamba 12, nhamba 7, nhamba 11 pamusoro Architectural mumugwagwa.

Chero Odessa zvikafadza revashanyi vose vanoda kuratidza pfupi nzira huru zvinokwezva veguta-gamba pakati Odessa.