Anarcho-syndicalism: tsanangudzo, Chirevo. Anarcho-syndicalism muRussia

Anarcho-syndicalism chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana kuruboshwe-bapiro kufamba munyika. Muchimiro pazviri zvino akaonekwa anopfuura zana apfuura. The inofamba ane vatsigiri vakawanda pasi pose. basa ravo political kunoitika dzakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo. Range enyika basa iri rakafara chaizvo: kubva vamiririri iri European Parliament anopera mumugwagwa okutsutsumwa ouduku. vazivi vakawanda vakakurumbira yokutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri vaiita anarchist zvitendero uye aishingaira vakabatsira kusimudzirwa zvavo vakawanda. Pakati vechidiki uye kwakakurumbira anarcho-syndicalism. Chirevo rwokufamba ichi kazhinji rinowanikwa mune mienzaniso uye nenjodzi.

Mavambo muRussia

Anarcho-syndicalism yakabuda mukuvamba ramakumi remakore. Ari Europe yakanga chaizvo nevanhu vakasiyana-siyana kuruboshwe-bapiro masangano. In madenderedzwa ane vakadzidza nokusingaperi yakaitika critiques mabasa dzakakurumbira vazivi nguva. Mumwe wokutanga vakakurumbira vapanduki akanga Mikhail Bakunin. Nenzira yake kududzira pfungwa akaratidza kwokutanga federalism. Radicalize navo, akasvika anarchism. mabasa ake okutanga akasika furor muFrance uye Germany. Vaiva mabhurocha akadhindwa nokupfupikisa pfungwa dzake. The vapanduki yokutanga zvakanga zvakasiyana chaizvo nhasi. Repakona zvavanoita vaiona pamwe vose vashandi vari communes kana syndicates (richizonzi). Inter-kurwisana kwemarudzi apo zvakawanda zvakanga zvisina kudaro unopinza. Zvisinei, Bakunin nevatsigiri vake vakatenda kuti kuvaka nenzanga yakasununguka isina yavamanikidzi uye vanodzvinyirirwa, zvinokwanisika uye nokuda kwemarudzi ani. Michael pachake akamira pamusoro zvinzvimbo panslavism - pfungwa kubatana pakati Slavs zvose. Aidavira kuti European tsika nguva dzose ndokuwira necheSalvic mararamiro, kuedza noupi. pfungwa dzake dziri maoko nevamiririri vakawanda vokuPoland kuenda kumwe.

Roger Rocker

Chimwe akakurumbira theorist remakore rechimakumi maviri - R. Rocker. Anarcho-syndicalism manzwisisiro ake zvishoma rakasiyana "ainakidza". Kusiyana Bakunin, akatora Zvinoshingaira muupenyu enyika muEurope. Aiva akakurumbira nhengo Social Democratic Party muGermany. Ake kuita akabudirira mukusika dzakawanda wesangano rinomirira masangano, iyo vakaita basa rinokosha mune echimurenga Zviitiko World War First. Mukutanga maviri leftist kufamba munyika dzakanga vakasimba sanekare. Paiva yechimurenga Russia, izvo, chokwadi, akaita kuti akafuridzirwa zvose vatsigiri vayo munyika yose. In Nokuwanda kwakaita vaimbova umambo akasika itsva mamiriro. In ezvinhu aya, Roque akakwanisa chokubatanidza mapoka mugovanisi wandei. In iri neWeimar Republic paiva nezviuru vatsigiri anarcho-syndicalism. Zvisinei, nokuuya kuna simba National Socialist vapanduki uye dzimwe vamiririri okunyanyisa dzenzvimbo kuruboshwe akatanga kutevera. Mushure kuziviswa Führer Hitler Rocker akatizira America, uko akafa muna 1958, vachisiya nhaka huru vakararama.

zvinhu zvinotaurwa

Anarcho-syndicalism ari kure-akasiya sangano. Pasinei kufanana zhinji, zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva communism. Mumwe mukuru kusiyana ndiyo Kuramba statehood. Vapanduki vanodavira kuti hazvibviri kuvaka chete vanhu pasina achiparadza zvose kuumbwa, nokuti nhoroondo zvikonzero hurumende. Uyewo anotevera, uye nokumunyima pamusoro madzinza weboka marudzi. The vanhu itsva inofanira kuvakwa chete pahwaro anozvipira sangano vashandi munyika. The hierarchical mamiriro inofanira kurambwa zvachose. Vapanduki havana kubatanidzwa chero paruzhinji zvenyika. basa All enyika anotora nzvimbo bedzi mune echimurenga mabasa. Splicing pamwe nehurumende midziyo rizere kuvhura vadzvinyiriri danho.

Nzira hondo

Anarcho-Syndicalism achipfeka sangano mumunda. Syndicates evashandi rinofanira kubva nenhungamiro Kutsigirana nokunzwisisa. yokubatana Izvi zvaidikanwa mukurwira kodzero dzavo. Sezvo nzira ichaongororwa vanonzi zvakananga chiito. Chichiruma, parinouya, mumigwagwa Kuratidzira, uye zvichingodaro. Pashure chisarudzo pamusoro pakutanga chiito chacho basa kutsigira vose vashandi. Zviito izvi zvakagadzirirwa kuti dziite nharaunda uye nheyo remangwana chimurenga. A vanhu chimurenga nokuda wakarurama nzanga chinangwa anarcho-syndicalists manhengatenga.

collectivity

sarudzo dzose kuti sei zuva upenyu zvinofanira kutorwa mukuru kuvhota kuumbwa vashandi 'mibatanidzwa. Uye somunhu mashandiro zvisarudzo zvakadaro vaiona mukuru misangano vashandi, zvakange yakazarukira nhengo vose munzanga, zvisinei zvemagariro, dzinza kana mumwe chavanopinda. Varambawo enyika chero basa kunze izvi mibatanidzwa. Zvinonzi arambidzwa namarudzi pamwe chete nehurumende midziyo. Munguva mukuru simba vapanduki havasati muchirongwa sarudzo havana kuenda kutyora nehurumende. Mumwe wavanozvisunga kwakaguma chete pashure utariri makambani zvaida kuchinja. Panyaya iyi, vashandi pachavo Usangotaura neipi sungiro uye anogona kutangazve kutsutsumwa chero nguva.

sangano communes

Tauriranai aifanira akarongeka chete achitevedza chinjikira mitsetse. Panguva iyoyo akaramba chero chitsauko uye vapfumi. Vanhu vaifanira kuvaka upenyu hwavo mukati mubatanidzwa wavo kwayo chete kungwara, kufungisisa maonero chaizvo vatori vechikamu. Unions aigona pamwe nemumwe, asi mazano wakanyatsojeka. munharaunda tichisunga hurumende kana boka redzinza vakaramba. Maererano vakakurumbira theorists, dzidzo syndicates panheyo chimurenga yechigarire kwaiva kutungamirira pakusikwa World Union.

pachake

The mudzi wezvinetso ano vanhu syndicalists tenda private pfuma. Maererano navo, weboka vanhu kupinda makirasi kwakaitika pashure yokutanga nechitarisiko private pfuma (achishandisa production). The inequitable kuparadzirwa mari kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti munhu wese ave yemakwikwi nevamwe munzanga. Uye zvikuru dzakabudirira capitalist muenzaniso ukama, zvikuru kubata rwemusimboti munhu midzi vanhu pfungwa dzakadaro. It anotevera kubva mafungiro iri hurumende sezvo kune chete kuri zvomukati, zvose vatevedzere nzira kuita zvido boka duku revanhu. Naizvozvo, kuparadzwa akadaro hierarchical hurongwa zvinogoneka chete pashure pokuparadzwa capitalism. Kubva pamusoro payo anotevera kuti anarcho-syndicalism - nemaonero kuti anotora hondo pakati vakawanda kodzero dzavo kuburikidza zvakananga kuita, achisiya pamwe yavamanikidzi, nokuda kuvaka chete muvanhu. Next, ngatimbotaura kuti yaiva Russia.

Anarcho-syndicalism muRussia

In Russia wokutanga anarcho-syndicalists akazviratidza pakutanga ramakumi remakore. Motion yakaitika runonyanya mu svikiro mberi njere uye atora muenzaniso Decembrists. Nokupesvedzera yokungotaura, zvinganaka Bakunina vapanduki kuva pedyo vashandi uye kuronga songaniro yokutanga. Vari kunzi "populist". Pakutanga, kuwanda enyika maonero populists akasiyana chaizvo. Nokukurumidza, zvisinei, vakamira kunze yakakura bapiro vapanduki achitungamirirwa Bakunin. chinangwa chavo, vakaisa yakakurumbira chimurenga. Maererano ipapo anarcho-syndicalists, mushure yemuna nokumukira hurumende achaparadzwa, uye panzvimbo yayo tichasimuka akasiyana-siyana ehurumende uye Tauriranai vashandi, iyo Ichashandiswa itsva hurongwa munzanga. pfungwa yakafanana vave kukundwa vaKomonisiti. Ivo akavadana zvakare utopian. Hwaro kutsoropodzwa aiva okuti, kunyange kana kuparadzwa capitalist wehurumende haangavi hurumende yevanhu, sezvo nyika dzakavakidzana pakarepo kushandisa mamiriro ezvinhu.

modernity

Panewo ano anarcho-syndicalism. Flag dzvuku kwayo uye dema, minda vose vari necheparutivi. The yakatsvuka zvinoreva gutsaruzhinji, uye vatema - kuti kusateerera mutemo. Modern syndicalists zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva zvavo vamutangira. Kana maviri remakore anarchist mibatanidzwa vane mamiriyoni nhengo, asi zvino vava youth mumapepanhau. MuEurope pane kuwedzera kukurumbira pakati leftist pfungwa. Zvisinei, pane achirwa mukirasi kusaruramisira itsva anarcho-syndicalists akaisa pokutanga mukurwisa dzakasiyana-siyana rusarura. Dzimwe zvikonzero Kuratidzira ari musoro, saka, muvanhu vasisiri vakatsigira vakawanda anarcho-syndicalism. Tsanangudzo dzematongerwe ichi, ichi anopfuura zana adarika, nhasi iri zvichishandurwa munzira dzakasiyana, riri sei kunyange nharaunda yacho vapanduki hapana kubatana. Naizvozvo, rakaramba haritsigiri vanhu.

The yakakurumbira chiito

Vapanduki makore anopfuura zana achishingaira muzvitendero zvakasiyana-enyika pezvakaitwa chenhau kukosha. Munguva maviri, vakanga vakaita basa guru pokugadzwa neWeimar Republic, uyewo utungamiriri shanduko mune dzimwe nyika. Kugara parinouya kazhinji degenerating kupinda paruzhinji nemhirizhonga. Sezvinogona kuoneka hwatingawana zhinji, muFrance chete, vanopfuura miriyoni vanhu vakatsigira anarcho-syndicalism. Chii, vakanyatsonzwisisa kupindura, nekuti zvikurukuru vanhu ava vaiva varombo sectors munzanga. Asi vakakwanisa kununura yakawanda matambudziko kuhurumende. Mune 30s ezviuru vapanduki vakaenda Spain kubatanidzwa yehondo.