Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan: jogirafi, zvine urongwa kukosha

Panjshir Valley - rakadzika gomo mumupata, riri kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva Afghanistan. Kubva 1980 kusvika 1984, pane amabasa wandei muchiuto rwaiitwa pamwe kutora chikamu nemauto eSoviet muhondo muna Afghanistan kubva 1979-1989.

History of zita

Panjshir Valley rave richizivikanwa kubvira pakutanga XI remakore. In shanduro chaiyoiyo kubva Afghan zita rayo rinoreva "shanu shumba." Saka mumazuva iwayo rainzi navabati simba Sultan Mahmud pakati Ghazni, aitonga munzvimbo idzi. Akanga padishah uye ishe wenyika mamiriro ose Ghaznavids pakupera kwezana X-XI emakore. Maererano nengano, magavhuna aya usiku akavaka dhamu mhiri Panjshir River, izvo kuchiripo nhasi. Local vanodavira kuti izvi zvakavabatsira kutenda kwakadzama uye kwakasimba.

Panjshir - ndiwo rwizi guru, inova imwe huru mutero of Kabul River. Vanobatanidzwa Indus River bheseni. Panjshir mupata yaiva pamwe chinozivikanwa wemakomo eJudhiya Hindukush. nharaunda Its anenge zviuru 3.5 mativi makiromita. The avhareji kukwirira kupfuura 2200 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Yepamusoro nguva yava kumativi 6000 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Center Pandzhershskogo Chimanimani musha vaiona Rukh. Pano vakuru vakanga zvaibva province.

zvichireva Chimanimani

Gorge iri nzira dzinokosha kukosha. Kunyanya zvakasimba yakaratidza muhondo Afghan. Chokwadi chokuti kumupata rwizi, inoyerera kuburikidza rokumupata rinokamukana Afghanistan kupinda kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba nhengo.

Zviri pano kuti chinonyanya ibudirire uye zvakakunakira pemipata kubva chikamu imwe nyika kune imwe. The Nzvimbo iyi nyaya ine kunzwisisa kwegadziriro nzizi uye vabati vechibharo kuti vanomhanya kuburikidza rokumupata. Naizvozvo, vane mukana wakanakisisa dzinongoitika yokupotera munguva yehondo. Mupata iri rinochinjwa kuva nhare, organically chakakodzera yetsiva guerrillas.

Panjsher aiva inokosha kukosha mune hondo utongi hwechiKomonisiti 1975, uye ipapo panguva pavanotaurirana pamwe nemauto eSoviet mumakore 10 hondo.

Munguva yose iyoyo kuti Soviet Union kuchengeta mauto ari nyika yokuAsia, Chimanimani, izvo zvakatsaurirwa kuna ino kwakanga chaizvo inopisa nzvimbo yose Afghanistan mepu. Ndiyo apo vanotyisa kurwisana kwakaitika, zviri pano kuti mauto eSoviet akatambura kurasikirwa mukuru yevashandi. Nokuti vazhinji mauto eSoviet uye navatariri Panjshir hope chakaipa hwose.

vanotyisa kurwa

Kupikiswa munharaunda iyi akatungamirira simba Afghan warlord Ahmad Shah Massoud. Zvakawanda ngwariro rwakabhadharwa kuna Salang Pass, iro colloquially rinonzi "huro Kabul kuti." Zvinonzi pano akamhanya yokuGungwa kubva Hairatan kuna Kabul. Iye aionekwa chinokosha nzira nokuda mbiru motokari kuti zvikapiwa Afghanistan kubva Soviet vehurumende uye vemauto zvinhu.

Pedyo nomusha Rukh mumakore ehondo mangwanani vakamira inonzi wechipiri Muslim rechiuto, kunobva panguva 177th inokosha masimba unoparadzanisa. In yose, chinosanganisira zvevanhu.

Kubvira 1984, iye anobva 682 motorized inifanduri hondo, rinosvika pamusoro masoja ane zviuru. Total Anti-remagandanga zviumbu Ahmad Shah Massoud chaiitirwa mapfumbamwe pamwero mukuru kushandiswa. zvapupu Vakawanda zviitiko vakarangarira, kuti wakanga ari mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma mune Pandzhurshskom kuzvimbirwa. The guerrillas akakwanisa nguva kuratidza tsamwisa yeSoviet.

Makakatanwa muchikamu chino nyika hwaponeswa uye mushure kushaya wehondo eSoviet muna 1989. First kunetsana pamwe Afghan wenyika hurumende kubvira 1987 kusvika 1992, Mohammad Najibullah, uye gare gare Taliban. Islamist sangano akazvarwa muna Afghanistan muna 1994 sezvo Pashtuns zvakatipoteredza.

The Vagari rokumupata

The Vagari mupata uyu, waiva nemhaka Panjshir dunhu, vanofungidzirwa vanhu vanenge zviuru 100. Data aya dzaitaurwa nemakore 80s, apo mauto eSoviet vaivapo basa utsinye.

All izvi vanhu vakaparadzirwa 200 yawo. Pari hapana yakarurama kwazvinoita vanhu ikoko. Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, mumupata akararama kubvira 150 kusvika 300 zviuru vanhu. Zvikurukuru ndiro Afghan Tajiks. Kazhinji, Tajiks muna Afghanistan kwazvo. Maererano nokumwe kufungidzira, vanhu 11 kusvika mamiriyoni 13, nekurangarira kuti chimwe muzvitatu zvachose kwevanhu. Ndicho chechipiri pakukura vanhu Afghanistan.

Panjshir - nhoroondo nzvimbo yadzinogara Afghan Tajiks. Zvadaro hwavo 99%. In rokumupata yakatanga dzokubudisa kuti lithium uye esimaragidhino. The chikuru uchikwezvwa ndiyo mausoleum pamusoro Ahmad Shah Massoud.

Pavanotaurirana pamwechete mauto Massoud

Pakazosvika 1979, apo hondo Afghanistan, kubva rokumupata vakanga pakupedzisira vakagogodza kunze zviumbu zvese uto Afghan hurumende. Yakanga pasi Mhedziso kudzora wavatariri Ahmad Shah Massoud. Gare gare, iye kunyange ashandira remadunhu- Pandzhshursky shumba.

Muna 1979, simba munyika vakasvika mutungamiriri mutsva, General Munyori People wacho Democratic Party pakati Afghanistan Babrak Karmal. Akabvunza kuti pakarepo kudzorera mamiriro simba mune mumatunhu ose. On hwaro ichi, hurumende mauto achitsigirwa shoma contingent wamapoka Soviet muna Afghanistan vaiita muhondo akavhiyiwa yokusunungura namagariro akauya pasi kudzora mupanduki.

District Panjshir Valley kuva mumwe kupfuura matambudziko panyaya iyi. Jogirafi pamusoro Afghanistan aiva kuti kuwana mu mugwagwa chokufambisa pano rave apora nokuda zvakaoma nomunzvimbo dzine makomo. The chete mugwagwa akatungamirira achishandisa guta Gulbahor. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisiri nyore kushandisa sezvo vanhu muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano Masuda ane chakakomba nemishonga. Uyezve, akanga Masood veko. Izvi akamubvumira nani kufamba nechikepe Nzvimbo uye kuwana rutsigiro kubva zvemo.

Uyezve, kuzvimbirwa ichi zvakanakisisa chokufambisa mukoridho romugove kwezvombo kubva Pakistan uye sangano kurovedza zvigadziko vapanduki.

The dambudziko Massoud

Saka, chokwadi, Ahmad Shah Massoud aiva mumwe chikuru vavengi mauto eSoviet munguva yose-gore 10 stint muna Afghanistan. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti akazvarwa mumhuri Tajik.

Muna 1973, pashure pokunge kubvuta masimba, akamanikidzwa kuutapwa muPakistan. Ikoko akatangawo Islamist kushorwa, rinotungamirirwa Burhanuddin Rabbani.

Muna 1975 iye muchirongwa vakatadza kumukira mudzvinyiriri Mohammed Daoud. Akarwa mauto eSoviet uye Karmal semutungamiri.

Zvichitevera kushaya kwakaita hondo USSR chaizvoizvo ndakava mutongi Masudistana. Izvi rinozviti mamiriro, yaisanganisira mudunhu iri kuchamhembe Afghanistan. Takarongwa pakati guru Takhar dunhu - Taloqan. Masudistan aiva hurumende yayo, vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 2,5, zvikurukuru vakanga Tajiks, pachake mari kwayo uye neuto 60000th.

Muna 1992, Massoud hondo akapinda Kabul. Pashure paizvozvo, Mutungamiri Afghanistan akava Rabbani uye Massoud vakagamuchira Portfolio kuna Minister Kudzivirira. Zvisinei, mushure mokuparara hurumende yeSoviet, Massoud pavaifanira Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. Muna 1994, zvichikonzerwa kuhondo kutonga Kabul vakauraya zvina zviuru zvavo, uye guta rakanga chezvematongerwe rakaparadzwa.

Asi muna 1996, Taliban vakabata simba muna Afghanistan, uye Masudistan akava nhengo Northern Alliance, iyo inotungamirwa Massoud.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti kubvira 1999, Massoud akashanda yeAmerica. Somugumisiro, muna 2001, akanga aurayiwa panguva kuurayirwa chigaro kuedza ne bhomba rimwe kuzviuraya. Iye akatanga pachake somunhu wenhau, uye bhomba yakavanzwa mavhidhiyo kamera. Maererano nedzimwe mishumo, Massoud akaurayiwa varayirwa remarara Laden nokuda ukama vokuAmerica.

Panjshir offensives

Panjshir offensives First kwakaitika muna 1980. Ruvengo akatanga musi April 9. dzimbahwe Massoud rakaparadzwa, asi zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kutevera kuenda vapanduki. Nokuda kwakaita nzvimbo yacho rinorema michina vasingagoni kuyambuka. Rakanga mumwe vabudirira rokutanga mauto eSoviet muna Afghanistan. Panjshir Valley sevasina kudaro asingaurayiki.

Results remapazi vaiona vakabudirira. Muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano Masud vakakundwa, akatiza, akanga akuvadzwa.

Zvisinei, nokuti hazvitaurwi zvikonzero, mauto eSoviet vakasarudza kusiya misha yavo inogarwa battalions. Somugumisiro, vakanga nokukurumidza kare mumaoko guerrillas rokudzorera Massoud.

Chibvumirano ne Massoud

Massoud aiva mumwe Afghan kwavatungamiriri vakuru vehondo, vakanga vachida kuti chibvumirano pamwe muzvikamu Soviet. Yokutanga chibvumirano akanga akapedzisa pakarepo pashure muchiuto kushanda muna 1980.

Masood akapikira kwete kurwisa Soviet uye hurumende nemauto, uyewo, vakanga vakavimbisa haana kupa mhepo uye atirari rutsigiro zvinoitirwawo kwemotokari Massoud vezvikwata pamwe kwechiIslam Party pamusoro Afghanistan, rinotungamirirwa Hekmatyar.

Chimwe chibvumirano chakaitwa pakutanga kwezana 1982-1983 wacho.

Zvakabuda remapazi of Panjshir

Pamwe panguva mutsigiro mauto eSoviet muna Afghanistan chaiitirwa 9 pamwero mukuru mabasa rokumupata. Mugumisiro neimwe yaiva pfupi uye haasaruri kudzora Panjshir Valley, iro pakupedzisira akarasika.

Rakarurama mashoko ari kurasikirwa nokuda Soviet Army uye mujahedeen Afghan kwete.