Nyaya Tsarevich Alexei. Alexei Petrovich Romanov: kuramba choumambo

Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov akaberekwa musi February 18, 1690 mu chitarisiko. 23.02 akabhabhatidzwa. Aiva mugari wenhaka wokuRussia choumambo uye mwanakomana mukuru Peter Mukuru. mai vake rakanga mudzimai namambo Evdokia Lopuchin yokutanga.

Alexei Petrovich: pfupi Biography

Mumakore okutanga oupenyu achitarisirwa Natali Kirillovny - mbuya vangu. Muna 6 makore Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov akatanga kudzidza kuverenga nokunyora munyika nyore uye kudzidza Nikifor Vyazemsky. Muna 1698, Evdokia Lopuchin akaiswa mujeri yemamongi. Kubva muchitokisi ichi pfungwa mwanakomana wake Peter akatora Natalia Alekseevna (tete). Mukomana wacho akaendeswa kumuzinda chitarisiko.

Muna 1699, Peter, achiyeuka mwanakomana wake, kumutumira kuna kuDresden kudzidza, pamwe majini. Karlovic. Zvisinei, yokupedzisira akafa. Sezvo chipangamazano panzvimbo General akakoka Neugebauer Saxon paUniversity of Leipzig. Zvisinei, kusunga muchinda mudzidzisi mutsva haana kushanda, saka kuti muna 1702 akarasa nzvimbo yake. Education mukomana akatanga kuita Baron Gyuyssena. N. Vyazemsky muna 1708 vakaudza chevaux Alexei vaiita French uye German, anoverenga nyaya, akanyora atirasi anoongorora affixes uye declination.

Kusvikira 1709 mukomana aigara kubva baba vake chitarisiko. Vamire mumuzinda vanhu zvikuru kukanganiswa neunhu Tsarevich Alexei. Maererano naye, vakati akamudzidzisa kuti kufamba kakawanda kuti cherntsam uye vapristi, podpivat navo, "bigots".

kurwisana

Peter uye Alexei Petrovich aiva akasiyana nemaonero upenyu uye polity. Key akabvunza mugari wenhaka chienderane mazita, asi vapedzisira haana dzidzo. Panguva kusimudzira kure negungwa yeSweden Peter akarayira mwanakomana wake kutevera chokudzidzisa vaiendeswa uye muitiro vachivaka masvingo muMoscow. Asi mugumisiro mabasa baba mugari wenhaka akanga chaizvo kusagutsikana. Kunyanya zvakagumbura ruzivo kuti panguva mabasa Alexei Petrovich akaenda mai vake Suzdal wemamongi.

Muna 1709, achiperekedzwa Golovkin uye Trubetskoy vechidiki akatumwa kuDresden kudzidza mitauro, "zvematongerwo enyika" uye nhare. Panopera Alexei Petrovich aifanira kupfuura bvunzo pamberi baba vake. Asi mukomana, achityira kuti mambo achaita kuti zviome kuita kuswedera, vachiedza kupfura pachako muruoko. The baba akatsamwa vakamurova iye vairambidza kuoneka mudare. Asi gare gare rakabvisa.

muchato

Muna 1707 Gyuyssena anopa mumwe Prince - Princess Charlotte pamusoro Lüneburg. Muchirimo 1710 zvavakaona. Kwapera gore, muna mangwanani April, izvozvo chibvumirano chokuroorana. October 14, 1711 mu Torgau kwazvo muchato kwakaitika. In muchato, aiva mwanasikana, Natalia uye mwanakomana Peter. Pashure kuberekwa wokupedzisira Charlotte akafa. Tsarevich Alexei Romanov akasarudza tenzikadzi Euphrosyne pamusoro serfs Vyazemsky. With payo, zvadaro akaenda Europe.

Petro Alexei Petrovich anoita nharo +

In dzose nyaya, rinokonzera hurumende, namambo akaisa mamirire simba rake uye tichimhanya. Zvisinei, ari kuchinja mabasa Peter akamutsa manzwiro vakavhengana pakati zvikamu zvizhinji vemo. Against kuchinja ake vaiva nouta, vanokudzwa, vafundisi. Papera zvakabatana uye Tsarevich Alexei, mwanakomana Peter. Maererano Bestuzhev-Ryumin, jaya raiva nedambudziko yababa vake kutadza kunzwisisa mutemo uye zvinodiwa unhu hwake, uyo wose kuramba basa rakanga mutorwa. Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti tsitsi izvo akaratidza Alex kuti vanotsigira kare, zvaidyapo ake kwete chete mupfungwa muropa, asi vazvinorimirwa uye akaramba nemakapoteredza. Kusvikira zvakava zvakakodzera kugadzirisa nyaya nhaka, aigona kusvika nzwisisa.

Peter anoshushikana nokufunga kuti mwanakomana wake aizoparadza zvose zvakasikwa. Iye pachake akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna nekushandura mugadziriro yekare, paumbwe itsva wehurumende. Somutsivi wake haana kuona akatsiva basa. Petro Tsarevich Alexei akanga dzinopesana zvinangwa, mafungiro, zvido, tsika, vavariro. Zvinhu yakanga kuwedzerwa weboka kwenzanga kupinda vatsigiri uye vavengi zvinhu. Bato rimwe nerimwe vakabatsira kukura kurwisana, kuunza inosuruvarisa ayo mhedziso.

Opinion M. P. Pogodina

The kudzidza kurwa Petro uye mwanakomana wake vakaita zvakawanda dzekare uye nevaongorori. Mumwe wavo aiva Pogodin. Aidavira kuti Alexei pacharo handizvo slobs zvose uye mediocrity. Mubhuku rake rinonzi, akanyora kuti jaya raiva kuziva chaizvo. Muna zvekushandisa njanji bhuku muchinda yakaratidza ashandisa dzimwe mabhuku. Mumaguta ose kwaakanga akagara, akawana yakawanda bhuku, yaiva kwete chete kugutsikana pakunamata. Pakati pavo paiva enhoroondo mabhuku, Portraits, mepu. Alex akatarisa dzinoyevedza. Pogodin zvakare anotungamirira Gyuyssena mashoko, uyo akati kuti jaya ane vavariro, kukunyimai kungwara, kushandisa pfungwa, uyewo chido chikuru kuti shasha uye kuwana zvose vaiona zvakafanira kuti mutsivi hurumende guru. Alex aiva akanyarara, aiteerera hunhu, vakaratidza chido kuti nokuda kwavo nesimba zvose yakarasika pane dzidzo.

kubhururuka

Kuberekwa mwanakomana wake uye rufu rwake mudzimai Nadya rakaenderana veMubatanidzwa mwana Peter nomudzimai wake Catherine, uyo akanga anonziwo Petro. Chiitiko ichi akazunungusa nzvimbo namajaya, sezvo zvino hazvisi kufarira baba vake kunyange somunhu kumanikidzwa mugari wenhaka. Pazuva wamarinda Sharlotty Petr akapa Alexis tsamba. Mairi, akatsiura mugari wenhaka kuti kushaya propensity kuti mamiriro ezvinhu, iye akamugombedzera agadziridza, kana anomutorera kodzero dzake.

Muna 1716 Alex akatamira kuPoland, pamutemo kunoona Petro, uyo akagara panguva iyoyo muCopenhagen. Zvisinei, iye anomhanya kubva Flughafen kuna Vienna. Pano ari hurukuro European madzimambo, uyo pakati aiva hama wemufi mudzimai yeAustria Emperor Karl. Austrians pachivande yakadzikiswa mwanakomana Petro Naples. On nharaunda hweRoma, akanga aronga kuti kumirira kusvikira pakufa kwababa vake, panguva iyoyo zviye bolevshego. Zvadaro, pamwe vatsigire Austrians, akafunga kuti ave Alexei Russian chamber. Ivowo, kuti kushandiswa sezvo wavanongoshandisa mutsivi ari kupindira pamusoro Russian Empire. Zvisinei, Zvadaro, ivo Austrians vakasiya zvirongwa zvavo, dzakurukurwa nengozi.

kutsvaka

Mavhiki mashomanana pashure kupukunyuka yakawanikwa mugari wenhaka nyaya Tsarevich Alexei. Takatanga kutsvaka. Russian mugari muVienna Veselovsky akanga atumira kuti kutora matanho kumisa nzvimbo dzokugara anotiza. Zvikuru nguva kutsvaka haana kupa mhinduro. Izvi zvakanga zvichida yakafanira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, chokuti Veselovsky akanga ane Kikin vaitsigira Alexei dzake nevavariro.

Somugumisiro, Russian njere akakwanisa chamber pasi mugari wenhaka. Vachimiririra Kesari akatumirwa chikumbiro kuti extradition anotiza. In April 1717 Charles VI Veselovsky tsamba yaitaura Petro. It akakumbira mambo kuti amupe mutizi mugari wenhaka "kururamiswa yemadzibaba."

Kudzokera Russia

Alex akanga vapererwa uye akakumbira kwete extradite naye Petro. Zvichakadai, NdiTolstoy uye Rumyantsev vakanga akamutumira. Vakavimbisa vawanire mvumo yamambo chokuroorwa Euphrosyne kwaizotevera kugara mumusha. NdiTolstoy uye Rumyantsev akaita zvisingabviri.

Mumwedzi miviri, ivo aiitisa hombe kushanda uchishandisa zvose zvinobvira siyana dzvinyiriro. Kuwedzera uchisangana zvomuchinda, uye chipikirwa ruregerero kubva baba vake, ivo bribed vose kuti viceroy pamusoro Naples, akatya Alexis, kuti zvirokwazvo kuurayiwa kana haana kudzoka, kutyisidzirwa tenzikadzi wake uye abvume kuti ane simba pamusoro pake. Ivo akazomubata kutya yeAustria zviremera, kutyisidzira rechiuto nechisimba. The mambo weRoma pakutanga akaramba extradite anotiza. Zvisinei, NdiTolstoy akapiwa mvumo kushanyira muchinda. Tsamba, raakanga muruoko wenhaka baba vake, vakasagona iye vabvume kudzoka. NdiTolstoy chinokushamisa imwe yeAustria mukuru kuna akati Alexei "chakavanzika" kuti mubvunzo extradition yake kare kugadziriswa. Uyu nechokwadi mugari wenhaka kuti haana kuvimba rubatsiro Austria. Zvino Alex akatendeukira yeSweden. Zvisinei, mhinduro kubva hurumende akagadzirira kupa iye nehondo vachangobva. akanga asati agamuchira, NdiTolstoy akakwanisa kuvanyengetedza Alexei kudzokera kumusha. Mugari wenhaka mapfumo.

Somugumisiro, pakutanga October 1717 Prince Peter akanyora kuda kudzokera Russia, vachitarisira kanganwiro. Rekupedzisira chiteshi, Austria vakatevera dzavo nhume Karl kuti pakupedzisira kuita kuti sarudzo kuti mugari wenhaka akagamuchira nokuzvidira. NdiTolstoy akanga kugutsikana chaizvo neizvi uye akabata mutumwa nani chando. Alex, uyewo, akasimbisa zvinovavarirwa zvokuzvidira.

Kujekeswa ezvinhu kupukunyuka

February 3 mugari wenhaka kune Russian mambo anosaina imwe waiver kubva pachigaro. Panguva iyoyowo iye anogamuchira kanganwiro baba vake bedzi. It kwaisanganisira musengwa ape mupoteri pamusoro pakuuraya ake. Rakatanga kuongorora pana Tsarevich Alexei. Mushure abdication, akapa kuti aimbova mugari wenhaka kuzodana mazita vatsigiri zvose uye kubatsira, iye havazobvumirwi kurarama pamusoro Estates dzavo uye kuramba voga. Pashure kukurukura baba vake kusungwa akatanga. Muna 1871 rakanyorwa kupenda "Peter 1 interrogates Tsarevich Alexei," yokudhirowa Nikolai Ge. Rinowanikwawo kuunganidzwa kwemashoko Tretyakov Gallery. In vanopfuura 130 vanhu vakasungwa panguva kuferefeta.

Public nokushingaira akakurukura nyaya Tsarevich Alexei. Year 1718 aiva mavambo vanonzi "kikinskogo kuongorora." Kikin aiva mukuru kupomerwa. Panguva iyoyo akanga ari kufarira Petro. Muna 1713-1716 gg. iye, chokwadi, vakaumba boka kunhivi mambo wacho mugari wenhaka. Panguva imwe chete kutsvaka akatanga muMoscow pamusoro Evdokia Lopukhina. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti akava chikamu "zviitiko kikinskih" yaiumba nyaya Tsarevich Alexei. Zvisinei, zvinyorwa chokuita kutsvaka Suzdal, ndeyenhema pfungwa iyi. Sezvo zvinyorwa, musangano Lopukhina uye mugari wenhaka kamwe chete - muna 1708-m. Musangano uyu zvakaita kuti unconcealed hasha Peter. Lopuchin pashure vakaedza kuronga kukurukura nemwanakomana wake kubudikidza munin'ina wake. Zvisinei, mugari wenhaka akanga baba zvakaipa vakatya. In tsamba Yakovu Ignatevu (confessor) Alesya kwete chete kurambidzwa kutaura naamai vake, asi haabvumiri kuti kushanyira shamwari uye hama dziri Suzdal nemisha yakapoteredza.

mutongo

Nyaya Tsarevich Alexei apera kwazvo zvinosuruvarisa. Panguva iyoyowo zvasiya mugari wenhaka akanga asina aitarisira chinhu nei zvakadaro. namambo Asati mutongo akabvunza makanzura pfungwa. Vatongi pachavo vave akaongorora pakati vamiririri siyana munzanga uye mapoka.

Vafundisi, kukurukura nyaya Tsarevich Alexei, akatungamirira akatorwa muTestamende Yakare, maererano iyo, kuti misa vasingadzoreki mutsivi. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo, vakarangarira uye Kristu akataura ruregerero. Petro akakoka kusarudza - kuzoranga kana ruregerero.

Kana vanhuwo zvavo, ivo vose pasina mumwe zvakakwana uye vachibvumirana akazivisa norufu.

The mutongo wacho wakasainwa vanhu 127. Pakati pavo paiva Menshikov wokutanga, ipapo Apraksin, Golovkin, Yakov Dolgoruky uye zvichingodaro. Akakurumbira pedyo dare haana chete siginicha Sheremetiev. Opinion pamusoro zvikonzero kwokushaya ake makakava. Saka, Shcherbatov vakati Sheremet'ev akazivisa kuti iye haasi kugona kwake kutonga pamusoro mugari wenhaka. Maererano Golikova, Field Marshal panguva vairwara uye vakagara muMoscow, saka chiratidzo matongero vakasagona.

rufu

Nyaya Tsarevich Alexei yakavharwa June 26, 1718 The pamutemo shanduro rufu mugari wenhaka zvasiya zvakaitika nokuda kuvhunduka. On kunzwa mutongo, Alex akawira kupinda kufenda. Papera nguva iye zvishomanana akatangazve kuziva, vakatanga kukumbira kukanganwirwa vose. Zvisinei, kwokupedzisira kudzokera kune zvamaimbova yaakanga vakundikana uye akafa.

Muzana XIX remakore, mapepa acho akawanikwa, maererano nako, rufu rwake Alexei asati akatambudzwa. Ndaisa mberi dzidziso kuti vakauraya. Peter, akavapindurawo, vakapa chiziviso umo akataura kuti mwanakomana wake akateerera mutongo uye nehana. Pashure pechinguvana akakumbira kuna baba vake uye ruregerero kwaari. Alex akafa nenzira yechiKristu, zvakazara kutendeuka pamabasa avo. Pane uchapupu hwokuti atongerwe akaurayiwa varayirwa baba vake. Zvisinei, mashoko aya dzinopesana chaizvo. Vamwe mabhuku ane mashoko kuti Peter pachake zvichipomerwa muchirongwa nedanda pakati Aleksei.

By mamwe uchapupu zvakananga basa rufu mugari wenhaka syglal Menshikov wake aivimba munhu. Vamwe zvinyorwa vanoti pamberi chaiko Nokufamba Alexei, vakanga vari mariri. Maererano nedzimwe mishumo mukomana muchetura. Panewo mashoko kuti Alexei akanga achitambura tibhii. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti rufu kwakakonzerwa chakasimba uye nokuda kuti divi mugumisiro mishonga.

Vasiya mugari wenhaka akavigwa Petro Paul Cathedral pamberi baba vake. Zvinokonzera pabhokisi akafamba namambo pachake, shure kwake - Menshikov, vakuru uye nevamwe notables.

dzinonakidza chokwadi

Case muchinda Raichengetwa pakavanda State Archives. Gore negore kuitwa pakuongorora zvisimbiso. Muna 1812, pepanhau akarara chaiyo bhokisi, asi iye vakakundwa, uye magwaro vanopararira munguva nechisimba Napoleon. Naizvozvo, vakanga kuzodzosera vakaungana uye kurondedzerwa. Pari, zvinyorwa zviri pachena kuwanika.

Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika

A zvisingawanzoitiki chiitiko vaiona dynastic umhondi. Naizvozvo, nguva dzose kunyatsondifarira vana, vatsvakurudzi. Nhoroondo Russian anoziva maviri nyaya dzakadaro. Chokutanga yakaitika paitonga Ivana Groznogo, wechipiri - yaitonga Peter Mukuru. Various Vanyori nevaongorori vakaongorora zviitiko izvi. Somuenzaniso, mubhuku rake rinonzi, Jarosch Anoongorora vanhuwo uye zvinoita zvaidiwa zvakavapo. Zvikurukuru, akavhomora nzeve musiyano neukama yamadzibaba kufa vana vavo.

Sezvo zvinokonzera Grozny akauraya netsaona. Zvadaro, baba kwazvo vakazozvidemba zvaakanga aita, akadanidzira, akakumbira vanachiremba kudzokera mwanakomana wake mupenyu. Vanotyisa aizviti imhondi, mutongi kukodzera. Akati kuti mwanakomana waMwari nezvaaishayiwa akamuranga zvivi zvake kare, aidavira kuti akasiya kuenda wemamongi zvino uye pavanofanira anyengeterere kukanganwirwa. Pakupedzisira, iye kunyange akaenda Palestine zvishoma zviuru.

Peter, Ukuwo, akakunda mwanakomana wake kwenguva refu, kuti vachipe mishoma kutongwa kwake. Jarosch akati kuti nokuisa hasha dzake pamusoro mugari wenhaka muupenyu hwake, haana akamukanganwira pashure porufu.

migumisiro

Zvechokwadi, zvakaitika makore iwayo wakakonzera paupamhi resonance iri muvanhu. Vazhinji vaongorori vari aibvumirana pfungwa kuti rufu Tsarevich akaponesa nyika kudzoka kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo Petrine panguva. Zvisinei, paiva nemigumisiro yakaipa zviitiko. Pakafa mwanakomana wake Peter muna 1722 kwakachinja sezvakarayirwa kuchinjwa kwesimba rehurumende. Kutaura zvazviri, akavaparadza pedyo chete masangano. Maererano nevaongorori, izvi ndizvo aizova hwaro mumuzinda the. Mune remangwana, vakawanda pave nesimba mambo vakayambuka hondo. Klyuchevskii akanyora kuti mutemo mutsva Peter kutiitira chigaro chake uye chigaro akapiwa kuda nyaya.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro vanhuwo, ipapo panguva upenyu akakodzera mugari wenhaka vanhu vakatuma vatongi mazita. Anofanira vanopika inobvuma gavhuna mutsva. Zvisinei, kwete nzira dzose vakaenda zvakanaka. Nemishonga akanga kunyanya vatsigiri yekare. Havana kuziva pachigaro Alexis. Pane uchapupu hwokuti mambo mukereke musi weSvondo mumwe murume akauya papepa. Mairi, akaramba kupika kuvimbika mugari wenhaka itsva, kunyange zvazvo ainzwisisa kuti mambo kwaizokonzera hasha. Peter akarayira kuti misa nayo pamusoro moto zvishoma nezvishoma dymivshimsya zvachose pasi.

mhedziso

Panguva imwe exacerbation yokurwisana pakati Petro Alekseem Tsarevich aida kuenda yemamongi, nokuzvidira basa sezvo paine mitoro. Zvisinei, sezvinoratidzwa zvinyorwa, baba asina kupiwa mvumo. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti kare vakawanda vanobvumirana kuti pamudzi kunetsana akarara Petro kusada kumuitira mwanakomana kubva pakutanga. Akanga vaneshungu kwazvo pamusoro paruzhinji mabasa, kuchinja, kufamba, kurovedza. mwanakomana akanga kwenguva refu pasi pokudzora vavengi nehurumende itsva.

Kudivi rimwe, maererano vamwe vanyori, zvingava chakakodzera aizomutsiva. Pashure pezvose, sezvo zvinyorwa zvinoratidza, iye achiri akaratidza kuteerera, vakatsvaka kuwana ruzivo, aida kuziva. Panguva iyoyowo chaizvoizvo tsitsi dzaro hwakagadzwa pre-Petrine nguva aigona kuparadza zvose akasikwa baba vake. Key ari kutya zvikuru izvi. Nokuti iye, hurumende kuti zvido vaiva pamusoro zvose. Izvi, akadaro, uye kubva ayo zvakatipoteredza uye nevana. Neimwe nzira, akaponesa mamiriro ezvinhu kuzvarwa mwanakomana Peter Mukuru wanano yake yechipiri. Zvino, vaisagona kuwana akakodzera mugari wenhaka uye mutsivi nyaya yake. Panguva iyo nyika chingaitika imwe kuparara, nokuti vanakomana Petro Alexei zita chete. nyaya iyi Ainetsekawo pamusoro pamambo.

Tiza Nadya Peter anoonekwa somunhu kumutengesa, vakamumukira. Ndokusaka, pashure kubatwa kwake akatanga kusungwa uye Kubvunzurudzwa. Nadya kutarisira kukanganwirwa kubva baba vake, asi pane kudaro akatongerwa rufu. Kuti riongorore kukwezva uye vatenzi Euphrosyne. Naizvozvo, akanga mhosva uye kwete kurangwa. akanga Zvichida ichi chakaitwa zvibvire nemhaka rubatsiro nayo akagovera kuna NdiTolstoy uye Rumyantsev, akakumbira kwaari kuti kuva nezvahunoita muchinda.