Herodhi Mukuru - Mambo weJudha. Biography

mambo reJudhiya Herodhi Mukuru ndiye ndeimwe dzichipesana mukufambisira kare. Ari zvakanakisisa anozivikanwa nokuda mubhaibheri nyaya wazvakaitika vana. Naizvozvo, nhasi shoko "Herodhi" ndiyo mitsara, zvichireva youmbwende uye dzomunhu asina tsika.

Kunyange zvakadaro, munhu mufananidzo namambo yaizova kukwana kana vakatanga ndokuguma ane muchirumbidza hwokuuraya vacheche. Herodhi Mukuru ndiye remadunhu- kuti basa pachigaro choushe chakaoma munguva vaJudha. mamirire Izvi zvinopesana mufananidzo veropa muurayi, saka mufananidzo wamambo ndewe kunyatsoongorora kunyatsotevera.

mhuri

In yayo mavambo, Herodhi haana ndezvomunhu imba youmambo yeJudhiya. baba vake Antipatr Idumeyanin aiva gavhuna weruwa yeEdhomu. Panguva ino (I remakore BC. Oe.), The Jewish vanhu vakawana pachavo nenzira kuwedzera yeRoma, izvo kuita nzira yayo kumabvazuva.

Muna 63 BC. e. Jerusarema akabatwa Pompey, pashure iro madzimambo aJudha vava novimba nyika. Munguva yehondo muRoma pamakore 49-45. Antipater aifanira kusarudza pakati Vakwikwidzi kuti simba iri Seneti. Aitsigira Yuliya Tsezarya. Kana akunda Pompey, vatsigiri vake vakapiwa nouchapupu mibayiro kuti akavimbika. Antipater akanga paakavapa musoro gavhuna weJudhiya, uye kunyange pamutemo ari mambo, mune chokwadi akava gavhuna huru weRoma mudunhu.

Kunyange 73 BC. e. pana muEdhomu akaberekwa mwanakomana - remangwana Herodhi Mukuru. Kunze chokuti Antipater aiva gavhuna, aivawo mutarisiri wamambo Hyrcanus II, iro aiva simba guru. Hazvina pamwe mvumo namambo, akaita mwanakomana wake Herodhi (gavhuna) ari muGarirea province. Izvi zvakaitika muna 48 BC. e., kana jaya raiva nemakore 25.

Yokutanga Matanho enyika

Wevatongi Herodhi Mukuru aiva gavhuna akavimbika weRoma changamire. Ukama yakadaro inoshorwa kuchinja chikamu munzanga yechiJudha. Vezvourudzi vaida rusununguko uye havana kuda kuona vaRoma panyika yavo. Zvisinei, mashoko kwokunze mamiriro akanga zvokuti muJudha aigona kudzivirirwa hasha nevavakidzani chete pasi kudzivirira reRepublic.

Muna '40 BC. e. Herodhi mubati weGarirea, sezvo vaifanira kukurira nechisimba nevaParthia. Vakatora zvose kuzvidzivirira Judha, uye muJerusarema akaisa sezvo chidzoyi mambo protege ake. Herodhi akanga zvakanaka vakatiza nyika kuitira kutsvaga rutsigiro Rome, kwaakanga achitarisira kuwana hondo uye kudzinga nechisimba. Panguva ino, baba vake Antipatr Idumeyanin akanga akafa pakukwegura saka mutemo aifanira kuzvisarudzira zvavanoda uye kuita kwako hatiripe.

Makatodzinga nevaParthia

Paaienda kuRoma, Herodhi akambopedza Egipita kwaakanga akasangana mambokadzi Cleopatra. Apo pakupedzisira muJudha aiva weSeneti, akakwanisa kutaurirana simba Mark Antony, uyo akabvuma kupa muenzi hondo kudzoka dunhu.

The hondo nevaParthia waiva mumwe makore maviri. eRoma , achitsigirwa vapoteri vechiJudha uye vanozvipira akasunungura yose nyika uye rayo guru Jerusarema. Kusvikira nguva ino eIsraeri vaiva yekare imba youmambo. Kare muRoma, Herodhi vakagamuchira mvumo yokuti kuva mutongi, asi dzinza rake raiva pasi-kuzvarwa. Naizvozvo Anorwa nokuti simba akaroora muzukuru Hyrcanus II Miriamne kuti legitimizovatsya mumeso vomunyika ake. Saka, nemhaka kupindira eRoma muna 37 BC. e. Herodhi akava mambo waJudha.

Pakutanga ushe

All makore kwake, Herodhi aifanira yokufudza pakati mbiri polar zvikamu munzanga. Kudivi rimwe, akaedza kuramba ukama hwakanaka Rome, sezvo nyika yake yaiva chokwadi ruwa Republic uye ipapo Empire. Panguva iyo mambo inodiwa kusarasikirwa kutendeseka pakati pehama dzake, vakawanda vane mafungiro kune vatsva kubva kumavirira.

Zvose nzira ukaramba simba, Herodhi akasarudza kupfuura rakavimbika - nayo tsitsi dzayo vavengi mupfungwa uye zvokunze, kuti hapana nzira zveutera yavo. The udzvanyiriri vakatanga pakarepo mushure mauto eRoma recaptured Jerusarema kubva nevaParthia. Herodhi akarayira kuurayiwa aimbova mambo Antigonus, yakawira pachigaro choushe vanopinda nechisimba. Nokuti hurumende itsva dambudziko rakanga kuti pachigaro mambo vaiva yekare Hasmonean hwedzinza, rakatonga Judhiya kwemakore anopfuura zana. Pasinei aipopoterwa vaJudha nevari, Herodhi, akaramba akatsunga, uye sarudzo yake akaiswa tsika. Andiyoki pamwe yakawanda anofungidzirwa akaurayiwa.

Kubva Crisis

The kare vaJudha kwagara izere matambudziko uye kuomerwa. Okwaana Herodhi nguva hakusi kurwadziwa. Muna '31 BC. e. Israeri waiva pokudengenyeka kwepasi kwakauraya vanhu vanopfuura zviuru 30. Panguva iyoyowo madzinza wokumaodzanyemba Arab vakarwisa Judha uye vakaedza kwezvinopambwa. The State vaIsiraeri yasakara, asi nguva dzose vakabatikana Herodhi akaramba musoro wake uye akatora matanho zvose kurerutsa nechinhu nematambudziko awa.

Chekutanga akakwanisa kukunda evaArabhu nokudzinga kubva munyika yavo. MuArabhu vakarwisa Judha nekuti wehurumende yeRoma akaramba enyika dambudziko, chinhu ungira iro kuratidzirwa Israeri. In isingakanganwiki '31 BC. e. huru mudziviriri uye Herodhi anorichengeta anonzi Mark Antony vakakundwa muhondo pamusoro Actium kuzorwa rengarava Octavian Augustus.

Chiitiko ichi chakanga migumisiro kupfuura kwenguva refu. Mambo wevaJudha akanzwa ochinja mhepo enyika, uye akatanga nhume kuna Octavian. Nokukurumidza Roman enyika pakupedzisira vakabata simba uye vakazivisa pachake mambo. New Caesar uye Mambo wevaJudha akawana mutauro nevakawanda, uye Herodhi akakwanisa kufema akatura befu.

mumadhorobha budiriro

The pokudengenyeka kwepasi akaparadza zvivako zvakawanda zvose vaIsraeri. Kuti kumutsa nyika kubva matongo, Herodhi aifanira kutora zvikuru matanho. Mumaguta, kuvakwa kwezvivako zvitsva kwakatanga. akitekicha vavo vakagamuchira weRoma uye Hellenistic unhu. Nhongonya ichi chivako rava guta guru reJerusaremu.

The chikuru chirongwa naHerodhi, waiva vavakezve temberi yechipiri - nzvimbo huru yokunamatira yevaJudha. Muzana remakore rapfuura, zvakava chakasakara uye zvaiita sokuti yakatopfuura tikafunga zvivako zvitsva kwazvo. The VaHebheru vaiona temberi sezvo paucheche kworudzi rwavo uye chitendero, saka yakava nyaya vavakezve upenyu hwose neyaHerodhi.

Mambo aitarisira kuti kugadzirisa ichi achamubatsira kuhwina kubatsirwa vanhuwo zvavo, avo nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana havana kufanana mutongi wavo, achifunga iye anoshusha uye chidzoyi muRoma. Herodhi kazhinji kusiyaniswa vavariro, uye tarisiro yokuva pamusoro nzvimbo Soromoni, akavaka temberi yokutanga, uye regai zororo.

Kudzorerwa Temberi Yechipiri

The guta reJerusarema makore mashoma kugadzirira pokudzorerwa, iro rakatanga 20 BC. e. In guru kubva kumativi ose enyika vakauya zvakafanira pakuvaka pfuma - .. Stone, machena, etc. The zuva upenyu wekereke rakanga rizere tsika matsvene, izvo harungaputswi kunyange paigadziriswa. Somuenzaniso, pakava yoga rwomumwoyo chikamu, izvo zvinogona zvasvika vafundisi Jewish chete. Herodhi akarayira kuvadzidzisa unyanzvi hwokuvaka, kuitira kuti aite zvose zvakafanira basa yairambidzwa nzvimbo nokuda pevamwe.

Rokutanga gore nehafu akanga abuda kuvakazve huru yakakomberedzwa temberi. Kana nzira iri rakapera, imba yakanga yatsaurirwa uye akaramba mabasa echitendero. Mumakore masere akatevera, akadzorerwa muzvivanze uye munhu dzimba. Change mukati vaenzi akanga unodziya uye vakasununguka muchechi itsva.

Mambo konekwa Herodhi akapona kufuridzirwa ake. Kunyange pashure porufu rwake, vavakezve Achiri kuitika, kunyange unorema basa kare kwapera.

Roman simba

Nemhaka Herodhi vaJudha vekare akagamuchira yake guru, wokutanga dzemitambo, dzakanga dzekare yemitambo yeRoma - mitambo yokurwisana yetsiva. Hondo iyi yaiitirwa mukukudza mambo. Kazhinji Herodhi vakaedza zvose zvinogoneka nzira yokusimbisa kuti akaramba akavimbika kuna nechepakati hurumende, izvo kwakamubatsira kuti agare pachigaro choumambo kusvikira parufu rwake.

Hellenization Gwaro haana kufanana vaJudha vazhinji vaitenda kuti, kumanikidzira tsika yeRoma, mambo anogumbura pachavo chitendero. ChiJudha panguva iyoyo akasangana padanho dambudziko, kana vaIsiraeri vose kwakanga kuna vaprofita venhema kuti vabvume vanhuwo kutora dzidziso dzavo. Dzakatsveyama vakarwa vaFarisi - nhengo rakamanikana rukoko dzezvechitendero nevapristi, vaiedza kuramba yekare nzira dzechitendero. Herodhi runowanzotaurwa akarangana navo zvikuru inoshanda nyaya mitemo yavo.

Mukuwedzera chokufananidzira uye zvechitendero zvivako, namambo nani mugwagwa uye akaedza kupa guta rake zvose zvinodiwa kuti upenyu hwomutambarakede avo vageremo. Handikanganwi uye nokuda kubudirira kwavo pachavo. Herodhi Mukuru Palace, yakavakwa pasi ake pachake kuzvidzora, akatema fungidziro vomunyika yake.

Panjodzi, mambo aigona kuita uye norupo, pasinei norudo rwake muumbozha ukuru. Muna '25 kuMadokero makanga hombe nzara, chirwere murombo nemafashamo Jerusarema. Mutongi aisagona zvokudya navo chezvipo mari kubva yose mari panguva yakanga yashandiswa pakuvaka. Panopera zuva rimwe nerimwe mamiriro akazova uye zvinotyisa zvikuru, uye ipapo Mambo Herodhi Mukuru akarayira kuti atengese zvishongo yake yose, yacho iyo vakatengwa matani chingwa muIjipiti.

Hwokuuraya nemhosva

Zvose zvakanaka zviri yaHerodhi unhu yadzima nezera. With zera namambo akava utsinye uye fungidzira mudzvinyiriri. Pamberi pake madzimambo aIsiraeri kazhinji akava waitirwa rangano. Izvi pamwe nei Herodhi vakava paranoid, akasavimba kunyange mhuri yake. Pomrachnenie mambo anopenga pakataurwa kuti akarayira aurayiwe vaviri vevanakomana vake pachake, vakanga vawirwa zvokutsamwa kwenhema.

Asi zvikuru nomukurumbira aiva mumwe nyaya chokuita inorwadza hadzitani kwaHerodhi hasha. MuEvhangeri yaMateu inorondedzera chiitiko, maererano izvo gavhuna akasvika chisinganzwisisike Magi. Magee akaudza gavhuna kuti vanoenda muguta muBheterehema, nzvimbo yechizvarirwo parizvino mambo waJudha.

Nhau kumboonekwa Vakwikwidzi kuti simba ndifare Herodhi. Iye akarayira, izvo haana kuziva nhoroondo vaJudha. Mambo akarayira kuti kuuraya zvose vana vachangoberekwa reBheterehemu, izvo zvakaitwa. In zvinyorwa vechiKristu vanopa nokufungidzira siyana uwandu chisimba ichi. Zvichida zviuru vacheche akaurayiwa, kunyange zvazvo kare ano nharo dzidziso iyi nokuti kuti muguta dzematunhu yekare Varege kufanana vachangoberekwa. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi "mambo wevaJudha", raakatuma vachenjeri vakapona. Vaiva Iisus Hristos - munhu anokosha ari chitendero chitsva Christian.

Rufu uye mariro

Herodhi akararama nguva refu pashure nyaya hwokuuraya mhaka. Akafa anenge 4 BC. e., paaiva nemakore 70 okuberekwa. Nokuti kare yaiva akura chaizvo zera. Harahwa akasiya ino, vachisiya vana vanoverengeka. Iye ikazopiwa mwanakomana mukuru Akerausi chake choushe. Zvisinei, kubhabhatidzwa raifanira zvakaongororwa uye aifarirwa mambo weRoma. Octavian akabvuma Akerausi chete hafu waIsraeri, achipa imwe hafu kune hama dzake, uye nokudaro akatsemura nyika. Iyi yakanga rimwe danho iri nzira Kesari kusvika kwakaderera simba echiJudha kuMadokero.

Herodhi haana akavigwa muJerusarema, asi ari Herodhio nhare, ainzi zita rake uye nheyo kwake ushe. Sangano yaita Akerausi mwanakomana kuchema. Naye anouya pashure kubva siyana enyika hweRoma. Vaenzi vaJudha vakaona mukare hauzozvikanganwi. Vashakabvu makavigwa magnificently - iri yendarama pamubhedha uye takapoteredzwa guru revanhu. Pakuchema mambo akafa kwakatora imwe vhiki. The State waIsraeri kwenguva refu nguva kuona kure wokupedzisira rwendo mutongi wayo kubva youmambo waHerodhiyasi rokutanga.

guva ramambo akawanikwa vematongo ichangopfuura. Izvi zvakaitika muna 2007. The vanoona zvichiita kuenzanisa chokwadi vazhinji chokwadi apa yekare akanyorwa.

mhedziso

KwaHerodhi unhu akanga ambiguously vabvuma venguva yake. The epithet "Mukuru" Akapiwa kare dzakaitika ano. Izvi zvakaitwa kuti kusimbisa kukuru basa mambo muchinangwa nyika wake kusangana pamwe hweRoma, uyewo richengetedzwe runyararo kuMadokero.

Chakavimbika kupfuura mashoko pamusoro Herodhi podcherpnuli vatsvakurudzi mabasa wenhoroondo Iosifa Flaviya, uyo aiva ake panguva. All zvavakawana zvakaitwa munguva yaitonga Kesari, vakaitwa ivepo vavariro yake, pragmatism uye kuvimba nezvisarudzo zvakaitwa. Hapana mubvunzo kuti mambo kazhinji vachibayira njodzi yavo chaiyo vachikanda, kana yaiva mubvunzo pamusoro chinhanho ose ehurumende.

Akakwanisa kubatisisa choushe, pasinei pavanotaurirana pakati mapato maviri - yeRoma uye zvenyika. venhaka yake uye zvizvarwa kugona kuzvirumbidza kubudirire zvakadaro.

Herodhi unokosha mufananidzo rose nhoroondo yechiKristu, kunyange zvayo simba kazhinji kwete pachena, nokuti akafa pamusoro avaida zviitiko chokuita basa raKristu. Kunyange zvakadaro, vose New Testament nyaya kwakaitika muIsraeri, iyo akasiya mambo wekare.