Historical mufananidzo Brezhnev, ake kuchinja. The enyika mufananidzo Brezhnev (zvishoma)

Personal uye enyika mufananidzo Brezhneva L. I. nevanyori venhoroondo zhinji, vezvematongerwo enyika uye vagari vakanyanyonaka rakanaka zvakawanda. Kuwana munhu simba aizivikanwa mukuru upfumi tiguu of USSR, asi panguva imwe chete panguva iyi wakaisa kumashure kwakazokonzera pokuwa simba. Ticharamba kuedza bereka pachavo uye enyika mufananidzo Brezhnev. A pepfupikiso Biography pamusoro yokutungamirira anopiwa pazasi.

pakuberekwa

Tisati vanotanga kurondedzera nhoroondo asian pakati Brezhnev, pfupi anofanira kukurukura oupenyu nguva upenyu mutemo uyu, sezvo munzira dzakawanda ivo nomuzvarirwo akasiya chinokosha zvakakanganwika paumbwe unhu. Nomuzvarirwo, tinofanira kutangira pakuzvarwa.

L. I. Brezhnev akaberekwa muna 1906 mumusha Kamenka, yaiva Ekaterinoslav mudunhu, pamusoro munharaunda Ukraine ano. baba vake aiva Ilya Y., uye mai vake - Natalia Denisovna Mazalova. vabereki vose vaiva vashandi, Russian norudzi.

Mukuwedzera Leonida Ilicha, mhuri yakanga yakawanda nevana vaviri - Kutenda uye Jakobho, asi ivo vakaberekerwa Papera chinguva mukoma wake yakakurumbira.

makore muduku

Ndapedza uye pfupi stint mumafuta chigayo Leonid Ilyich akapinda Geodetic Technical School muguta Kursk, pashure izvo 1927 aishanda pachivakwa uye nyika pachivakwa dzakasiyana kumatunhu munyika, uye kubudikidza 1930 vakanga vatova mutevedzeri. mukuru remunharaunda nyika zvakanaka.

Muna 1927, muchato kwakaitika L. I. Brezhneva uye Victoria Denisova.

Muna 1931 akapinda, uye makore mana gare gare kudzidza Institute for Engineering muna Dneprodzerzhinsk divi, apo akadzidza pa weVadzidzisi Vedare yamadekwana, panguva iyoyowo kushanda ari Locksmith. Pamusoro okutambirwa Brezhnev yake basa chesekondari kwakwirawo zvinoshamisa. Muna 1931 aiva makumi maviri namashanu zera vakava nhengo Communist Party.

Ndapedza akashanda muuto iri Trans-Baikal nharaunda, kwaakanga kwaitsigirwa kuva mutungamiriri enyika. Pashure ndatomboenda pamudyandigere kubva basa 1936, akava mukuru kukoreji Dneprodzerzhinsk.

Muna 1937, Brezhnev akagadzwa mutevedzeri musoro wevatongi komiti eguta Dneprodzerzhinsk. Panguva iyoyowo akazotamira pamusoro bato pamanera. Saka, muna 1939 akava munyori amachinda bato dare Dnepropetrovsk nharaunda.

Panguva Second World War, Brezhnev akanzi kupinda Red Army. Pakutanga, akashanda kuunganidza matanho, uye ipapo akava Brigadier Commissioner. Pakazopera hondo, akagadzwa Musoro Political Administration of 4th Ukrainian Front, pamwe chinzvimbo Major General.

manera ushambadzi bato

Pashure pehondo, Leonid Ilyich akaramba mberi dzake upward pahofisi yebato. Iyi aiva zvokutora simba munzira aumba kare mufananidzo Brezhnev.

Nechekare muna 1946 akava musoro Zaporizhzhya Regional Committee, uye gore rakatevera hwakatamisirwa yakafanana nezvenzvimbo Dnipropetrovsk remunharaunda komiti. Munzvimbo idzi, akagamuchira mamiriro mibayiro kuti pashure pehondo vavakezve nharaunda, kusanganisira Order of Lenin.

Muna 1950, Leonida Ilicha akamirira kuwedzera. Akava mutungamiri vebato rimwe dzeSoviet - Moldavian SSR, yakanga yatova nzvimbo yokutanga echelon. Muna 1952, naiyewo akasarudzwa kuti Central Committee. Asi pashure Stalin afa, iye anosunungurwa kubva mbiru dzose uye kugadza musoro enyika dhipatimendi Navy. Muna 1955, Brezhnev zvakare inova munyori wokutanga Party sangano Republic - nguva ino Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. Panguva ino pane shag.

Kubvira muna 1956, Leonid Ilyich aishanda revanyori reCentral Committee uye muna 1957 akasarudzwa kuti Vatungamiri muviri ichi.

Kubva muna 1960 kusvika muna 1964, Leonid Ilyich akashanda se musoro Presidium Supreme. Saka chinyararire kuna chaizvo pamusoro simba iri USSR, achitora wechitatu romukova chinokosha munyika. The enyika mufananidzo Brezhnev zviri kuramba yakajeka pepa rehurukuro.

Khrushchev kubva paupenyu huno simba

Chiitiko chinokosha kuti chachinja nhoroondo mufananidzo Brezhnev, aiva kubviswa muna 1954 yomunyori wokutanga CPSU, kuti ndiye musoro chaiyo wehurumende Nikita Khrushchev kubva pasimba.

Khrushchev haana kunakidzwa rudo zvikuru vanhu Soviet, uye muna Communist Party vatungamiri dzinenge nguva dzose kubva auya simba rakanga nokushorwa ndakasimba kuna Nikita Sergeyevich. Intraparty kushorwa Vamiririri havana kufanana Khrushchev nezvetsika pamusoro kuchinja munzanga, uyewo ake akatadza mitemo zvoupfumi. Brezhnev haana pakutanga zvaiva boka iri vebato vakuru, uye kunyange muna 1957, vachitsigirwa Nikita Sergeyevich, apo pasina chimuko achiedza kubvisa hurumende utungamiri.

Asi nokuda nemakore 60s zvinhu zvakachinja. The kushorwa Khrushchev, nokuti ayo hazvigutsi mutemo uye Kukundikana upfumi basa, vachiwedzera kusimbiswa. Kudiwa vachinje kutungamirira hurumende yava vanoziva, uye Leonid Brezhnev. In chiedza ichi, zvematongerwo mufananidzo Brezhnev zvino anoratidza kukwanisa kwake kuita zvinodiwa chaizvo kuchinja, pane kuomerera yakajeka uye ossified kosi.

The initiators kumukira pedyo chaishanda Khrushchev aiva: nhengo yebato Presidium N. V. Podgorny, mutungamiriri KGB V. E. Semichastny, uye kare vakabata chete chinzvimbo munyori A. N. Shelepin. Brezhnev, kunyange akabatana unoranganawo, asi haana kutungamirira munzvimbo iyi yebasa. Kunyange zvazvo, maererano nedzimwe manyuko, zvinonzi vanoti Leonid Ilyich Semichastny panyama kubvisa Khrushchev, akagamuchira kungoramba.

The pati utungamiri, vachishoropodza Nikita Sergeyevich voluntarism, dilettantism, uye vakakundikana vavatorwa uye zvoupfumi mutemo, zvinganaka munyori webato rokutanga kana nokuzvidira kubvumirana kusiya namagwatidziro zvose kana kusiya kwamakuhwa. Khrushchev akasarudza okutanga.

Kugadzwa pambiru wokutanga munyori

Zvakanga akasarudzawo akatsemura pambiru First Munyori Communist Party uye musoro Council of Vashumiri, kare kusimbiswa maoko chete. Musi wokutanga romukova akagadzwa L. I. Brezhnev, uye wechipiri - A. N. Kosygin.

Pakutanga, utungamiri bato izvozvo nhamba idzi mbiri somunhu kubvuma, uye zvichida kunyange duku, asi sezvo zvikazooneka Papera, yose ichikosha kukura munyika kwave chokuita basa ravo. Historical mufananidzo Brezhnev chokuita iyi.

zvematongerwo hondo

Sezvambotaurwa, musoro vakuru vebato atakurukura kuwana L. I. Brezhneva akatungamirira hurumende kwenguva pfupi, saka aifanira kutsungirira kurwisa yakaoma nevanoshora mubato midziyo wokuratidza kodzero yake kutungamirira nyika. Kugona kuitisa hondo yakadaro kunounza zvimwe pendi iri nhoroondo mufananidzo Brezhnev.

Muna 1967, isu rakawedzera kupokana pakati Brezhnev uye boka webato, yaisanganisira Shelepin kanomwe, Podgorny uye Egorychev. Ichi boka Party nhengo takasarudza yakanga nguva kungochinja mashoko "vagari" munyori wokutanga, uye akaisa panzvimbo yayo Shelepin. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, ivhu vakava palpable muchimiro mashoko ari bato misangano kuduku kutsoropodzwa sarudzo dzakasiyana-siyana ehurumende. Asi Leonid Ilyich nguva ino simba zvakakwana uye, kusafanana Khrushchev, akakwanisa kudzivirira nokumukira.

Muna 1967, A. N. Shelepin akanga adzingwa Secretariat of Central Committee uye nezvenzvimbo musoro All-Union Trade Unions, Egorycheva zvakachinja kubvira nezvenzvimbo First Munyori Moscow bazi Communist Party uye hwakatamisirwa pambiru nemutevedzeri. Minister of Agriculture, uye gare gare akatuma nhume kuna Denmark. V. M. Semichastny kubva pambiru musoro KGB hwakatamisirwa neDare Vashumiri Ukrainian SSR. Panzvimbo akagadzwa akatendeka murume Brezhnev -. Yu V. Andropov. Uyewo panguva ino harisati wemapoka vakawanda pedyo Leonid Ilyich, pamusoro hurumende mbiru. This Chernenko K. W., Tikhonov, N. A., Tsvigun SK, nesipo, NA and unto. The mabasa vazhinji vavo yaimbonzi chokuita neguta Dnipropetrovsk, akapa nguva gare gare kuti hurumende USSR akasimbisa "Dnipropetrovsk dzinza".

Wokupedzisira mikuru vavengi Brezhnev kwakaita yezvematongetwo kwave chapedzwa NV Podgorny. Zvino muna 1977, apo nokuda husina utano Leonida Ilicha aitya kuti Podgorny, uyo akashanda se sachigaro Presidium Supreme, anogona vanokanganisa pambiru General Secretary. Panyaya iyi, akanga acharega pasi chokumupomera kuti pamudyandigere.

nadzurudzo

Achitaura nezveanonzi mufananidzo Brezhnev vake zvinhu, zvakakodzera kujekesa kuti kunyange munguva yokutonga kwake kwenguva yakati uye akatakura kuchinja mutemo, asi hazvina kuita akatanga, Leonid Ilyich. The chikuru chinovhura utsanzi raiva A. N. Kosygin, uyo akashanda se sachigaro Council of Vashumiri. This post yakanga yakaenzana mamiriro nzvimbo Musoro Government kana Prime Minister mune dzimwe nyika. Pasina kutaurwa yokutungamirira izvi hazvibviri kuronga wakakwana nhoroondo mufananidzo Brezhnev. Domestic wokuti Munyori General, nekusiyana, akanga zvainanga richengetedzwe hurumende yekare, kunyange pasi kumanikidzwa zveupfumi zvinhu Leonid Brezhnev uye rakamanikidzwa vanomboenda kubvuma vaitaura Kosygin.

Kunyange zvazvo Kosygin, kusafanana Shelepin, akanga asiri zvakananga kunetsana pamwe Brezhnev, asi zvakanga kuoneka kuti vazhinji matanho panoonekwa mukuru munyori ari kunaka.

kuchinja kwoupfumi muna 1965, iro vakaburuka munhau pasi nezita Kosygin zvinhu ndiko kubvisa remunharaunda kuronga miviri, kuderedza nhovo huru mukuwedzera kuzvionera netumedu mabhizimisi. The chikuru zviratidzi akaitwa vava profitability dzavo uye kunyatsoshanda.

Kuwedzera kuzvionera akaitwa asina kufanana bato Nomenclature, inotungamirwa L. I. Brezhnev. Historical mufananidzo mutungamiri senguva dzinoratidzwa kumbonyanya kuchinja maonero. Ndosaka pachena mutemo iyoyo, mukusiyana kuna Khrushchev nyungudika, rinonzi chiNazi Stalinism, uye zviitiko kwoupfumi munyika - kurega kunotanga. Kubvira mangwanani 70-ies ari mberi kunoparirwa Kosygin akatanga nemhepo pasi, nzira kwokuoma hurumende kurapa upfumi rakatanga kuitwa sapakutanga.

Kuramba kuvandudza paruchaitika upfumi kuparara Soviet Union mune remangwana.

Economic Kugadzirwa USSR

Panguva iyoyo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvakanga zviri Brezhnev nguva iyo mararamire vagari muSoviet Union yasvika kusingaenzaniswi dzakakwirira. Nokudaro vanhu vazhinji, pozhivshie mumazuva iwayo nokufunga zvomunguva yakapfuura kuti kurega kunotanga se "yendarama zera".

Asi hwepamusoro aigona chete kuitwa "kudya kure" iwayo reserves dzave vaunganidza muSoviet Union panguva yapfuura nguva nokuda basa rakaoma vamiririri vanhuwo zvavo. Uyezve, kwakanga pasi Brezhnev chinenge zveminda yakanga aina mafuta kupa, zvinokosha mumatanda iro rakatanga kukudziridzwa kuSiberia. Chero bedzi kusvikira pakuguma 70s nomutengo zvekuvaka yave yakakwirira, zvinokwanisika kuti nechokwadi simba kweupfumi unongotaura. Asi panguva imwe chete, chokwadi ichi tambo upfumi kuti mitengo mafuta, kubva pakutanga 80s pamwe pokuwa kukosha ndarama dema kwave rimwe zvinoita kuti pave pokuwa upfumi.

Uyewo akaipa zviitiko zviri Brezhnev yaitonga yakanga overproduction mune dzimwe sectors hwenyika uye kushayikwa vamwe.

vatorwa negwaro

In obata ushe Brezhnev atarisana Czechoslovak yemuna, iyo kunangana USSR, chaiwo kudzora nyika. Akatora chisarudzo kutsunga kutumira mauto eSoviet akapinda Czechoslovakia kuti vapanduki. Nokudaro aikwanisa kuchengetedza simba Soviet Union muna Eastern Europe.

Panguva imwe chete kutanga 70s Ndechokupemberera normalization ukama chete United States. Mutungamiri American kunyange akabhadhara kushanyira Moscow.

Zvinhu zvakachinja pashure 1979, apo Soviet Union akatuma mauto Afghanistan. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti hukama pakati USSR uye West vari mokudambura aine bang, uye Soviet Union yakanga akatanga wandei zvirango.

mumakore achangodarika

Mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake muna L. I. Brezhneva vakanga aona matambudziko inokosha utano. Akatambudzwa dzakawanda mwoyo kurwiswa uye shamhu kuti sei pfungwa nemano ake. Kunze, akanga muropa kuti akarara mapiritsi, pasina zvaakanga asingagoni kurara.

Kubvira mukupera 70s, Brezhnev kukwanisa kutungamirira hurumende uye hurumende munyika Chokwadi yakapfuura mumaoko ake chomukati denderedzwa, apo Leonid Brezhnev akaramba talk munyori kusvikira parufu rwake.

rufu

Akafa L. I. Brezhnev muna November 1982, pane imwe anamapako ayo. Akatsunga nachiremba, rufu kwakakonzerwa cardiac kusungwa. Achida mutsivi Secretary General haana zita, saka nyika akanga akamirira kurwisa itsva simba.

Leonid Brezhnev akavigwa Red Square.

General unhu

Ngatiedzei kudonongodza enyika mufananidzo Brezhnev. Muchidimbu, takataura pamusoro mikuru kwawakabva kuti Biography yake kuti chichabatsira akarara pasi munhu coherent mufananidzo.

Leonid Brezhnev aiva munhu kuchinja maonero, chikoro yekare. Munzira dzakawanda, akanga tsitsi kuna Stalin wokuti, kunyange zvazvo pamutemo umutsidzire hazvina akatadza. Panguva imwe cheteyo, dzimwe nguva zvakanga Zvakacherechedzwa kuti akakwanisa vadzokorore maonero ayo dzapfuura, uye kuchinja kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu. Asi zera, mano ichi kuchinja Brezhnev akava zvishoma uye zvishoma, uye vakananga kuguma pakutsvaka richengetedzwe yekare, zvisinei nechitarisiko kuchinja, akaratidza zvakajeka.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuitira kuzadzisa pakupedzisira chinangwa Brezhnev aida kutora zviito zviri zvikuru pakupikisana pamwe kazhinji akagamuchira dzemunharaunda dzetsika.

Asi tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti enhoroondo mufananidzo Brezhnev, maererano algorithm, akambochera pachine, hakushandi kuti recreate, sezvo zvakanga zvikuru inopenya uye gakava mufananidzo munhoroondo yacho.