Hondo Kunersdorf. Zvakabuda Hondo Yemakore Seven '

Hondo Kunersdorf aiva mumwe mikuru hondo Hondo Yemakore Seven '. Pasinei chokwadi kuti wakange inokosha hunhu, migumisiro yakunda zvikonzero mumwe mukundi kugona kushandisa. Saka, migumisiro manomwe War hondo kunersdorf haana kutsunga, uye nezvimwewo zvinoverengeka. Kunyange zvakadaro, chokwadi ichi hazvirevi kuderedza kukosha hondo munhoroondo unyanzvi hondo.

The zvinokonzera Hondo Yemakore Seven '

The chikuru chinokonzera Hondo Yemakore Seven 'yaiva kukura kupokana pakati makuru masimba European: Prussia uye Great Britain rumwe rutivi uye Umambo Hutsvene hweRoma of Habsburgs, France, Spain, uye Russian Empire - rumwe. Kubatana kukonana uye wandei duku inoti. Nyaya kukakavara vakanga pasi mhiri kwemakungwa misha, uyewo miganhu kusanzwisisana Prussian Hohenzollern uye Habsburg yeAustria pamusoro muSilesia.

Vazhinji marudzi makuru European vaisagutsikana kuwedzera Prussia, izvo yatyora yaivapo geopolitical ukama. Panguva iyoyo pakati korona British uye France vakanga kuramba kusawirirana pamusoro mhiri kwemakungwa misha, vakapfuura kupinda hondo dzomunharaunda. Izvi chakakurudzira British kubatana pamwe Prussians, kuzorwa vakanga French. Russian Empress Elizabeth haana kufanana sei chichiwedzera Frederick II - Mambo Prussia.

Kwehondo

Kurwa kutanga Prussian mauto. Razvo, kwaiva rudzi pre-emptive ranwa. Frederick II - King of Prussia - aisada kumirira kusvikira vavengi vake vazhinji vanounganidza masimba uye vanoita nenguva nyore.

Muna August 1756, Prussian mauto nechisimba nevanovhota pakati Saxony, waiva mutsigiri mukuru yeAustria Habsburgs. Vakakurumidza kubatikana kwavabati ichi. Pakarepo pashure, wokuRussia uye Umambo Hutsvene hweRoma akazivisa kurwa Prussia.

Panguva 1757 kurwa pakati Habsburg uye Prussian Mauto pavaifamba kunosiyana madhigirii kubudirira. Panguva iyoyo yokuti basa rwisana akavhiyiwa Vakabatanidza neSweden uye Russia, waiva mukuru wehondo, Field Marshal Stepan Fedorovich Apraksin. Zvikuru zvibereko zviito mauto eRussia ndokuguma kwakajeka kukunda dzimwe Gross-Egersdorf.

Muna 1758 murayiro kweuto Russian akarayirwa General Fermor. Pakutanga, pasi utungamiriri hwake, mauto akaita nani zvinobudirira. Asi muna August, hondo zorndorf, izvo haana kuuya kukunda kana pati, asi zvaibatsira Tichitarisa zvibayiro.

Military chiito pamusoro avaida hondo kunersdorf

Muchirimo 1759 mutungamiri eRussia akagadzwa mukuru-mu-mukuru Petr Semenovich Saltykov. Akanga sechinhu akavimbika uye ruzivo mukuru, asi zvakadaro kure hapana mabasa hunoshamisa asina kunyorwa nokuda kwake.

Vachitungamirirwa ake, uto Russian vakafamba kumadokero vakananga Oder River, takananga batanidza pamwe yeAustria mauto. Panguva Kuchinja ichi, June 23, 1759, kuti Prussian Corps, zvinosanganisira 28,000 yakakundwa pa Paltsige. Saka zvinobudirira PS Saltykov akatanga nemauto ake rutsigiro. Pasina Mauto Russian uye yeAustria vakabatana muFrankfurt imwe of Oder.

Panguva iyoyo Frederick II vaitovavarira vadyi mauto, achida kuvakunda muhondo anokosha, uye nokudaro kuti kuwana munhu mutsindo zvinobatsira muupenyu hondo yose.

August 12, vavengi vehondo vakasangana kuedza kugadzirisa njodzi hondo muhondo inozivikanwa Hondo Kunersdorf. Year 1759 aizivikanwa rokutanga guru pakurwa.

Mauto vemapato

Kunzvimbo yehondo, izvo vaizova anozivikanwa sezvo hondo kunersdorf, Prussian Korol Fridrih II akatungamirira uto rine varwi 48,000. Vazhinji vavo vakanga ruzivo magamba, apfuura chikoro Prussian muchiuto, uye muchirongwa dzinopfuura imwe hondo. 200 atirari zvidimbu akanga Uyezve, hondo Prussian.

Senzira mauto Russian, paiva varwi makumi mana nechiuru chimwe. Uyezve, PS Saltykov vakatora vamabhiza zvinosanganisira 5200 Kalmyk vatasvi. YeAustria Mauto dzichitungamirirwa Ernst Gideon of Lauda akaverenga varwi 18.500 nevatasvi vemabhiza. The Union Army akanga uwandu 248-fung atirari zvidimbu.

Location wamapoka pamberi hondo

Mauto Prussian vane mureza nzira. Huru Mauto vaiva pakati, riri kumativi ari emauto, uye vashoma Vanguard akanga kusundwa zvishoma mberi.

Russian uye yeAustria mauto misasa pazvikomo matatu. Saka vakaedza kukunda pamusoro ane anokumhan'arira. Kwakadzikira vakanga vakasununguka nokuda kwokudzivirira nzvimbo dzavo, asi kune muvengi vakanga chaizvo chinokosha nokuidzivirira.

Ndiyo nzvimbo chingashamwaridzana mauto aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira sei hondo panguva Kunersdorf. Mutungamiri Saltykov akanga mauto huru pakati. Kuruboshwe parutivi kweuto Russian akarayira Duke Alexander Mikhailovich Golitsyn. Sezvo yaiva dukusa kubatana pakati chingashamwaridzana mauto, vashandi vari vazhinji vemadzimai vatsva, Frederick II ndokuchinja zviri kwaari kuisa brunt weuto.

vavimbezve rokurwa

Hondo Kunersdorf akatanga nenguva dzepfumbamwe mangwanani, apo Prussian atirari akazarura moto omubatanidzwa hondo. Kutungamirirwa moto kusimbiswa kurutivi rworuboshwe parutivi mauto eRussia, pasi murayiro Prince Golitsyn. At 10 am, izvozvo wakazarura kudzokera moto Russian atirari. Zvisinei, kubudirira kwayo kwave shoma zvikuru pane Prussian. Pashure imwe awa wamapoka muvengi vakarwisa dukusa inifanduri akasiya bapiro mauto eRussia. simba rinopfuura iri Prussians Unit isati iri pasi murayiro Prince Golitsyn, kwaiva shure.

Muhondo inotevera varwi Frederick II akakwanisa andobata anenge ose Russian atirari. Mambo Prussia nesimba, uye kunyange akatuma nhume kuna guru neshoko iri.

Asi mauto omubatanidzwa haana kumbofunga kurega nemishonga. Petr Semenovich Saltykov akarayira kutamira mamwe masimba kuti kukwirira Spitsbergen, icho panguva vaiva vanotyisa kurwa. Kuisa manikidzira pamusoro chingashamwaridzana mauto, Frederick II akasarudza kushandisa vamabhiza. Asi nokuda nemumakomo nomunzvimbo dzine ayo kunyatsoshanda rashayiswa zvikuru. Omubatanidzwa Mauto vaigona kurasa Prussian tsamwisa uye kukanda kubvisa hondo Frederick kubva yakakwirira Spitsbergen.

kukundikana uku kwakanga dzinouraya kuhondo Prussian. Vakawanda ayo vatungamiri zvakaurayiwa, uye Friedrich nepaburi retsono rufu. Kugadzirisa dambudziko, iye muropa kumusoro reserves ake okupedzisira - cuirassiers. Asi vakanga kuparadzwa neDare Kalmyk vamabhiza.

Pashure tsamwisa vatsigiri zvose-panze. Mauto Prussian vakamhanyira kutiza, asi kukudyira pamharadzano kunyanya kuwedzerwa zvinhu. Frederick II ichi ichiri asina anoziva zvakadaro unorema kukundwa. Varwi 48,000 mambo akakwanisa kusada nzvimbo hondo akagwinya zvitatu chete zviuru. Saka kupera hondo Kunersdorf.

Nokurasikirwa vemapato

Muhondo, achiuraya vanhu 6271 kubva kuhondo Prussian. Varwi 1356 kurasikirwa Zvisinei, kazhinji, vakawanda vavo vakawana rufu. In vanhu 4599 vakatorwa musungwa. Mukuwedzera, muna 2055 mumwe musoja dongo. Asi chinonyanya kukosha mugove pakati Prussian nezvinhu vakakuvadzwa - 11342 munhu. Sezvingatarisirwa, vakakoniwa kunzi munhu dzakazara yetsiva dzakabatana. Total nezvinhu wehondo Prussian yakanga 25623 munhu.

The omubatanidzwa mauto akanga kurasikirwa hapana zvishoma. Saka, akaurayiwa vanhu 7060, izvo 5614 uye 1446 Russian Austrians. Zvisipo varwi muna 1150, izvo 703 Russian. Kuwanda akuvadzwa vakapfuura uwandu vanhu 15.300. Mukuwedzera, pamavambo hondo yaiva Prussian mauto vakatapa varwi zviuru mashanu Union Army. Total nezvinhu vakasvika vanhu 28512.

pashure hondo

Saka, hondo Prussian akatambura kukundwa utsinye, izvo chakaratidza Hondo Kunersdorf. 1759 aigona kuva nguva zvachose Umambo Prussia. Frederick II akanga akagwinya zvitatu chete zviuru varume vasingagoni kupa dzakatsarukana kurwisa kuti omubatanidzwa hondo, rinosvika makumi ezviuru zvevanhu. Nzira Berlin nokuti mauto eRussia yakavhurwa. Kunyange Friedrich panguva yainyatsoziva kuti hurumende yake nokukurumidza kuguma. Nechekare gore rino, migumisiro Nomwe Years War angadai akapfupikisa. Zvisinei, ipapo aisazofanira anonzi.

Miracle of House muBrandenburg

Zvisinei, pasinei izvi netariro tarisiro nokuda omubatanidzwa hondo, hondo Kunersdorf akanga asingakwanisi kuita mutsindo budiriro iri kosi remapazi zvechiuto. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti kuvapo wandei kuzvipokanidza pakati vatungamiri mauto eRussia uye yeAustria. Panguva iyoyo, apo zvakanga zvakakodzera kuronga mheni pfuura Berlin, vakatora mauto avo vasati richisvika vachibvumirana uchiwedzera joini zviito. Uye zvose Russian uye Austrians mhosva mhiri iri kutyora zvibvumirano.

Kwakadaro hondo kusawirirana Union akafuridzirwa Friedrich, akanga asisina tariro zvose rakabudirira mugumisiro nyika yavo. Mazuva mashoma akakwanisa zvibodzwa tridtsatitrehtysyachnuyu hondo zvakare. Zvino vose yainyatsoziva kuti mauto omubatanidzwa havazokwanisi kubatana pasina chisimba nemishonga muBerlin. Uyezve, pane zvakakomba nechokwadi kuti guta guru Prussian zvavo kutora.

Kutaura zvazviri, nemhaka yokushayiwa Kufambisa murayiro vehondo omubatanidzwa akarasikirwa zvakanakira guru chichigamuchirwa pashure hondo kunersdorf. Izvi zvakanaka pachavo madimbu Frederick II vaimudana kuti "Chishamiso Brandenburg kumba."

The mberi nzira kurwa

Kunyange zvachose njodzi Prussia akakwanisa kunzvenga, kumwe chiito uto muna 1759 hakusi nepakudiwa kwayo. Frederick II nemauto kutendera mumwe kukundwa pashure perimwe. Prussia uye England dzakamanikidzwa kunokumbira rugare, asi Russia uye Austria, vachitarisira kuti anokumhan'arira kupedzisa kure, chibvumirano haana kuenda.

Zvichakadai, Chirungu rengarava akakwanisa nokukurumidza chikuru kukundwa kuna French muna Kiberonskom Bay uye Frederick II muna 1760 akakunda Austrians pa Torgau. Zvisinei, kufara ichi kuti arasikirwe chaizvo.

Zvino kurwa akaenda siyana kubudirira. Asi muna 1761 mauto yeAustria uye Russian akanga zvakare vaibata dzakatevedzana kupwanya vakakurirwa Prussian mamiriro, umo vashoma vakatenda kuti achapora.

Zvakare Frederick II, kuponeswa chishamiso. Russian Empire akayanana naye. Uyezve, akapinda hondo kudivi romuvengi ichangopfuura. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nechokwadi chokuti Empress Elizabeth, uyo nguva dzose akaona Prussian kutyisidzira, akatora pamusoro choushe German-akaberekerwa Peter III, chaizvoizvo kunamatwa Frederick II. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti korona Prussian akaponeswa zvakare.

Pokupedza Hondo Yemakore Seven '

Pashure paizvozvo, zvakava pachena kuti hapana mapato havazokwanisi kuita kwokupedzisira kukunda yokurwisana mune ramangwana. Zvisinei, kurasikirwa upenyu mumauto zvose asvika huru nhamba, uye anorwisana nyika zvinhu kunge kwezvinoshandiswa. Naizvozvo, inoti kubatanidzwa muhondo, akatanga kuedza pachavo.

Muna 1762 France uye Prussia vakabvuma nyika. Uye gore rakatevera, hondo yakapera.

Zvinonyatsorehwa migumisiro Hondo Yemakore Seven '

Zvinonyatsorehwa migumisiro Hondo Yemakore Seven 'inogona yakarondedzerwa zvinotevera abstracts:

1. kukunda Complete haina kubudirira nenzira ipi nebato kuti mukakavadzane, asi vanokwanisa kuita mubatanidzwa Great Britain uye Prussia.

War 2. Seven Years 'aiva mumwe kunokonzera kuteurwa kweropa rakawanda anoitika XVIII remakore.

3. The Battle pamusoro Kunersdorf nemamwe kushanda vakabudirira kweuto Russian vakanga zvaizopedza mismatch zvinzvimbo pamwe Austrians uye vakaparadzana rugare kuna Peter III, Frederick II.

4. British vakakwanisa akakunda chikamu chinokosha pamusoro French nyuchi.

5. Prussia pakupedzisira akaenda muSilesia, vakati kubudikidza yeAustria Habsburgs.

Migumisiro Hondo Yemakore Seven '

Kunyange pashure kwemamiriro kupokanidzana pakati mapoka nyika nenyika hazvina zvakagadziriswa, kunyange kupfuura kutosvorana chete. Asi hombe nekurashikirwa neupenyu uye zvoupfumi kuneta dzairwisana kumapati somugumisiro Hondo Yemakore Seven ', akariita zvisingabviri kuti resumption ose pamwero mukuru kurwisana nemauto pakati wemasangano kunyika dzokuEurope kusvikira pakuguma XVIII remakore, apo pakutanga chimurenga French uye Napoleonic Wars. Zvisinei, kupokana vomuungano mu Europe kazhinji simuka kunyange iyi. Asi chinangwa chikuru hondo pamwe yaitonga weboka nyika vakanga vachiri kuuya.