Zhelyabov Andrei Ivanovich: Biography, mapikicha, maonero

Munhau yeRussia ugandanga ndiyo dzepamusorosoro mufananidzo Andrey Ivanovich Zhelyabov kuti vamwe echimurenga mupengo - V. I. Lenin - zvichienzaniswa Garibaldi uye Robespierre. In kunzwisisa Zhelyabova chinangwa zvikuru akakwanisa kupembedza chero nzira dzinoshandiswa kuzadzisa nayo. Hazvina chinangwa ichi chaiva naye uye nevamwe vake "mufaro vanhu" kuti aimiririra munhu zvakanaka kujeka, asi nokuda zvoda, pasina kumbozengurira, uye kuteura dzavo, uye ropa vamwe '.

serf wechikoro

Future famed gandanga akaberekwa muna 1851 mumhuri serfs musha Nikolayevka Tauride province. Zvinokosha kuverenga uye kunyora muduku Andrew akadzidza sekuru vake Gavril Kalashnikov uye bhuku rake rokutanga raiva Pis. Kusiyana nezvinofungwa nevakawanda kuti feudal landlords vakanga zvachose dzoutsinye Vadzvinyiriri, muridzi wayo aiva munhu asina chete tsitsi kune varimi avo, asiwo mutsigiri voruzhinji. Muna 1860, akapa kwake mari Zhelyabova-makore mapfumbamwe ongororo Kerch chikoro.

Discover nyika pakuva

Nemhaka yokuda kuziva pfungwa uye enviable nokutsungirira Andrew kudzidza muna 1869 aine sirivha menduru imwecheteyo gore akava mudzidzi Mutemo rorusununguko Novorossiysk University mu Odessa. Back mumakore chikoro Zhelyabov vakajairana pfungwa echimurenga kushanduka kwenyika izvo akanga akasimba simba. Kwokupedzisira monyorora mupfungwa dzake akauya pashure pokuverenga Chernyshevsky "chii?", Izvo aumba ayo Pfungwa zvitendero. Ndakanyora nezvazvo pachake Zhelyabov.

Andrey, pikicha iyo chinopiwa munyaya, akazotaura nezvenguva pakati shamwari dzake panguva yake mudzidzi makore, aida kurongazve nyika, yavapo munhu mufashoni okuti mumakore iwayo - ". History kunoita kunonoka, zvakakodzera kusunda" Push vakatanga pakutanga mukana, kunyanya sezvo haana kuzeza nezveupenyu pachangu. General Kusagutsikana akamutsa kuchinja maonero mumwe wevadzidzisi - Purofesa Valtazar Bogišić uye Zhelyabov vakananga kunangana ake mudzidzi unongotaura. Iye asiri akasundudzira nyaya iyi, asi vakasiya University pekuwanikwa pokusazvibata.

zvikundikane murume

Uyezve, sezvo kune okusuma: "Handidi kuti kudzidza, kuva nemba." Fate kukava yakanaka. Aimbova mudzidzi, yakatsvikinyidzana vavariro, asi vasina mweya chichatengwa nedhenari *, munhu wechirume mwanasikana yakapfuma shuga Yakhnenko - muridzi emakambani muna Kherson province. Muna 1872, muchato kwakaitika, uye nokukurumidza akaberekwa uye avo dangwe Andrew - mugari wenhaka sekuru vake guru echimurenga zita rababa rinobwinya.

Kuva hama zvakadaro akapfuma uye anoremekedzwa murume, Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich akakurumidza adzorerwa yunivhesiti, kwaakagara adzidza yambosvitsa gore - chete zvakakwana panguva Directorate aiva nesimba kuti munhu kutandadzana, kunokonzerwa zvose zvakafanana echimurenga pfungwa. Pashure mumwe mari akasiya mukadzi wake, "vakanyura mune Bourgeois rusaruro" uye havapindi maonero ake, akaenda Kiev.

Kutanga echimurenga mabasa

Ikoko Zhelyabov anovamba chokuita vemo kuipandukira, uye zvikurukuru vatungamiri kuita panguva iyoyo sangano Semi-pamutemo "Community." Panzira, kuti chikwereti chake: pokusiyana mhuri yake, haana kuedza kushandisa mari mukuwasha vaimbova, uye akawana chouviri nokupa zvidzidzo private.

Nokukurumidza yava nguva yasvika, kuti akagadzirwa saka refu pachake Zhelyabov. Andrey akatanga echimurenga basa rake, akadzokera muna 1873 kusvika Odessa, kwaakabereka nhengo pedenderedzwa Narodniks, inotungamirwa V. F. Volkovskim. Heunoi kuita mashoko pakati vashandi uye vakadzidza. Vazhinji vaiva nomukana kuteerera Andrei Ivanovich mumakore iwayo, akaona hunoshamisa kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi yake, iyo, pamwe pachedu runako zvakabatsira kuhwina Zhelyabov vateereri.

Kusungwa uye "kuenda vanhu"

nokukurumidza ake basa Advocacy kwakaguma kusungwa, asi mutirongo, akasunungurwa mari yechibatiso. Munguva kubva 1875 kusvika 1877 Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich anova nhengo yakakurumbira "kuenda vanhu", apo nhengo dzechiduku echimurenga mapoka vakatumirwa kumisha kuitisa ngavasununguke mabasa pakati vanhuwo zvavo achiedza kusimudza kuti kutamburira nokuda kwavo mumagariro kodzero.

Zvakare kusunga. Muna 1877, boka guru agitators populists, pakati pavo pakange Zhelyabov, pamberi poruvazhe muSt Petersburg, inova rimwe vaipomerwa vakapinda nhoroondo se "Chiito chimwe namakumi mapfumbamwe nevatatu." Kunyange pre-kutongwa yevasungwa, akasangana nevaya mune ramangwana vakava neshamwari dzake nemagandanga sangano. Pakati pavo paiva Sophia Perovskaya.

Kusikwa "Narodnaya Volya"

The mugumo uye nguva ino chaiva Zhelyabov kutsigira - akanga mhosva. Kana akasunungurwa, akaenda kuna Podolia, apo pakutangazve mashoko pakati vanhuwo zvavo. Zvisinei, pasina nguva refu zvakava pachena Kusabatsira zvose zvakadaro siyana kurwisa, uye anouya pakugumisa kuti ugandanga sezvo chete zvinoita nzira kuzadzisa chinangwa.

Muzhizha 1879 Lipetsk Congress vakapfuura echimurenga sangano "Land uye Freedom", iyo yakava nhengo Zhelyabov. Andrei Ivanovich aiva mumwe wevaya wakatsamwisa vanorambana pakati vatsigiri rugare nzira yokuchinja enyika uye radicals, uyo akaona zvichibvira tarisiro zvechisimba. Somugumisiro, vakaparadzaniswa kubva huru boka, nokusika yako mubatanidzwa, inozivikanwa se "People Kuda". Zhelyabov akava mumwe kupfuura nhengo.

Under kwayo musangano mamiriro yose akasikwa zvakananga utungamiriri, rwaiumbwa nzvimbo dzinoverengeka, kusanganisira mushandi, mudzidzi uye zvechiuto. In mirairo ake kuti aponde dzakawanda youmambo vakuru nemapoka akasiyana-siyana. Naiyewo zvakagadzira purogiramu kuita anopa kuparadzwa autocracy, kuti convening rimwe gungano constituent, kuchinjwa nyika vanhuwo zvavo uye kugadzwa mumagariro norusununguko. Panzira, maererano zvinyorwa resangano, kupambwa simba zvakanga zvakakodzera chete nokuda kwemashoko vanhu vayo. Asi ndizvo ndivanaani panguva imwe zvinoreva - kujeka.

Kuvhimwa Emperor

Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich, ane Biography hwakada nechokuita Russian echimurenga kufamba, akava musoro kwegadziriro wandei kuedza musi Emperor Alexander II, uyo ngwizhingwi boka rinotungamirirwa nayo pamusangano wayo muna 1879 akatongerwa rufu.

Chokutanga izvi kwaiva kuedza kuchera youmambo chitima pamusoro nzira kubva Kharkov kuMoscow. Zhelyabov pasi zita wenhema imba pedyo njanji makwara pedyo netaundi Alexander uye pachake ichiitwa mugero paakapa zvimbambaira. Panguva iyoyo chete masanga akaponesa upenyu mambo - Nokufema kwakaitika apo ayo sezvamunoita riri pamusoro nzvimbo ine ngozi.

Kupondwa mambo - mureza kutanga chimurenga

Zvinozivikanwa kuti akanga aronga kupondwa sere nguva mambo, kugutsikana kuti chitarisiko chake kubviswa richava detonator evanhu mhirizhonga muumambo hwose. Mune dzinokaroparuka nokushingairira kwake kunyange kuenda kupinda Samara mudunhu kutungamirira murimi mudiki yemuna ikoko. Aiva mukuru murongi uye dzinouraya kuna Alexander II aurayiwa chakaitwa March 13 (New Style) muSt Petersburg pamusoro embankment of Griboyedov Canal. Zvose zvinhu yakatanga pachake Zhelyabov nemagandanga.

Andrey Ivanovich pachake haana kutora kuparadzana, nokuti mazuva maviri risati netsaona akasungwa muna rimwe yakachengeteka mudzimba. The zvakananga kurapa kwemagandanga kuitwa nevakawanda-mutemo wake mudzimai Sophia Perovskaya - mwanasikana mubati St. Petersburg uye mumwe vanotyisa varwi pamusoro autocracy. Mushure akasungwa, Zhelyabov akarayira kuti hurumende yake akatora zvinoverengeka kupondwa vatambi.

Mune nguva rokutanga yevasungwa, akanga achichengetwa Trubetskoy nhare wakakombwa. Paitongwa, akaramba ari gweta uye akashandisa mashoko ake kupa kuruzhinji chirongwa "People Kuda". Maererano mutongo, Zhelyabov pamwe nemamwe magandanga risungirirwe muna Semenov Square mu Petersburg. Ona kuti izvi zvakanga wokupedzisira voruzhinji kuurayiwa muRussia.

The canonization rezvapupu pokuchinja paaitarisana

Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich, mumwe Biography pfupi iyo yakabudiswa kunze mukati gore pashure kuurayiwa kwake, aiva muenzaniso kuti akafuridzirwa kuipandukira zhinji tevera. Izvi akwanise, zvikurukuru, uye wayo kwazvo nhau yacho rakabudiswa muSt Petersburg muna 1906-1907. Magazini "The Past."

Zvinhu zviri magazini semupi mujinga yokutsvakurudza basa zhinji dzekare Soviet, izvo, pakati pezvimwe nhengo "Narodnaya Volya" kufarira zvikurukuru Zhelyabov. Andrey, vaiva nemafungiro mukuwirirana chete Bolshevik dzematongerwe muSoviet nguva, atora nzvimbo nerukudzo pantheon rezvapupu uye magamba chimurenga.

Munguva thirties, izvozvo vakaronga kusika chikuru shongwe Zhelyabov akaita pasi chirongwa muvezi Korolev. Vakanga vava multi-nhamba sezvamunoita, umo mifananidzo dzevaranda, kubvarura cheni yaisanganisira pamwe mana mita chifananidzo echimurenga. Nokuti shongwe akanga akaronga kuti pave yakatanhamara yakashongedzwa nhanhatu Bhanabhasi-reliefs Nhoroondo uye echimurenga misoro uye rakanyorwa "Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich (1851-1881)." Of mashoko aitwa kare, asi basa akamira, uye rambai haana patsva.