Kana magetsi asvika: nhoroondo panowanikwa

vanhu vashoma vanofunga kana magetsi akauya. Uye nyaya yake zvikuru dzinonakidza. Electricity kunoita upenyu vasununguka. Pamusana kwaari, zvakava kuwanika TV, Indaneti uye zvakawanda. Uye upenyu hwemazuva ano pasina magetsi hazvibviri kuti kufungidzira. It wakakurumidza zvikuru kukura vanhu.

History of magetsi

Kana ukatanga kunzwisisa, kana magetsi akauya, zvakafanira kuyeuka muzivi wechiGiriki Thales. Ndiye wokutanga akaita kuti tifunge Fani iyi muna 700 BC. e. Falles akawana kuti kukweshera yacho rinopenya ibwe shinda anotanga kukwezva chiedza zvinhu.

Mugore chii magetsi anobva? Shure kwenguva refu rechiGiriki muzivi, chiitiko ichi hapana Akaongorora. Uye ruzivo munzvimbo ino haana kuwedzera kusvikira 1600. Mugore iroro, William Gilbert rokuti "magetsi", kuongorora magnets a vavo zvivako. Fani iyi vakatanga ane ndichibvunza kudzidza masayendisiti kubvira ipapo.

Wokutanga buri

Kana paiva magetsi, ndikarangarira rwokugadzira dambudziko? Muna 1663 yokutanga muchina yemagetsi, izvo zvinoita kuti kuchengeta zvinokonzerwa kukwezvana uye kuvenga yakatangwa. Muna 1729, musayendisiti British Stiven Gray aiva wokutanga ruzivo kuti, kana magetsi ari chinopfuudzwa kure. Makore mana gare gare, musayendisiti French S. Du Fay vakaona kuti magetsi ane 2 ndinorova mhando: nebwe negirazi. Muna 1745 akauya wokutanga condensers yemagetsi - Leyden muchinu.

Muna 1747 Benjamin Franklin yokutanga dzidziso yakazokudziridzwa kutsanangura chiitiko ichi. Uye muna 1785 vakauya ari Coulomb mutemo. Electricity Galvani refu kudzidzwa uye Volt. munhu bhuku iri migumisiro Fani iyi yakanyorwa tsandanyama rwokufamba tega munhu galvanic nyaya. A musayendisiti wokuRussia Vladimir Petrov akava akawana voltaic chinhu chakakombama.

chiedza

Kana magetsi asvika dzimba nemafurati? Nokuti vazhinji, chiitiko ichi anonyanya nokuda okuvimba. Saka, zvinofanira kufungwa, kana yokutanga chiedza girobhu racho yagadzirwa. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1809 raiva muvambi of wokuEngland Delarue. Akazozviratidza zononoka girobhu racho yaiva yakazara inert gasi. Vakatanga kuti kubudiswa muna 1909

VeMubatanidzwa magetsi muRussia

A nguva pfupi pashure pakatanga rokuti "magetsi" Fani akatanga kuongorora munyika dzakawanda. Kuvamba kuchinja zvinogona ave chidzoke wechiedza. Umo gore pakanga magetsi muRussia? Maererano pachena kuchema, musi uyu - 1879. Yakanga muSt Petersburg itange wakaitwa magetsi Foundry Bridge nemarambi.

Asi gore yapfuura muKiev, mumwe njanji okudhindira, dzemagetsi vakanga yakaiswa. Naizvozvo, magetsi chitarisiko musi muRussia - zvakawanda panyaya. Asi sezvo chiitiko chakarambwa, mukuru musi kushanda anovhenekera Foundry Bridge.

Asi pane imwe shanduro, apo paiva magetsi muRussia. Kubva nomutemo Mukuona, musi uyu - January 30, 1880. On nhasi, wokutanga dhipatimendi magetsi akazviratidza muna Russian Technical Society. mabasa ake vakarayirwa kuti atarisire Implementation kuti magetsi muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Muna 1881 Tsarskoye tiiviste akava guta rokutanga European, izvo zvakazara yakavhenekerwa.

Mumwe musi nhangaruvazhe - May 15, 1883 Kremlin jekeso yakatanga kuitwa nhasi. The chiitiko yakanga yakarongwa kuti iitike uwirirane accession kune Russian choushe, Alexander III. Nokuti Kremlin, kuti chiedza iri pamusoro Sofia Embankment simba duku chirimwa paakagadzwa ne anokwanisa magetsi. Pashure pechiitiko ichi, kuti chiedza wokutanga akazviratidza mumugwagwa mukuru St. Petersburg, uye ipapo muna Winter Palace.

Muzhizha 1886 kwauya nechirevo mambo rakavambwa "Society yemagetsi chiedza." Zvinonzi mubasa magetsi yose St. Petersburg uye Moscow. Uye muna 1888 takatanga kuvaka rokutanga simba chirimwa mumaguta pakukura. Muzhizha 1892 debut elektrotramvay nayo kwakatangwa kuRussia. Uye wokutanga Hydroelectric simba chiteshi akaonekwa 1895. It yakavakwa St. Petersburg, parwizi. Big Ohta.

MuMoscow, wokutanga simba chiteshi akazviratidza muna 1897. Rakanga yakavakwa pamusoro building Raushskaya. Simba chirimwa zvinowanisa ane rakatumbuka-danho matatu iyezvino. Zvino anobvumirwa wokushandura magetsi pamusoro refu pasina chinokosha kurasikirwa nesimba. Mune mamwe maguta Russia simba chirimwa rakatanga kuvakwa panguva kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, pamberi World War First.