Chinangwa Third Hondo. Chinangwa kushingirira yechitatu uye zvabuda

Muna 2011, Pope Benedict XVI ruregerero nokuda nevaIslam. Uye zvirokwazvo, zvakaoma kufungidzira chinhu zvikuru tyisa kudarika hondo muzita raKristu, chesvondo panheyo asiri kuramba zvakaipa. Zvisinei, sezvo vanyori venhau dzakaitika, vavariro vechitendero havana pakati zvikonzero zvakaita Somuenzaniso, vana madzimambo simba European kuenda kuhwina paJerusarema maArab muna 1189-m. Saka chii vaiva zvinangwa Third Hondo? Sei zvino kwakati pamusoro?

yapfuura zviitiko

Muna 1183 mumwe mukuru vatungamiriri venyika vechimoziremu panguva - Saladin - akunda kukosha sokuronga Aleppo uye Mosul. Izvi zvaireva kuti kuMiddle East paiva simba simba, iyo yaimirira chihombe kutyisidzira yechiKristu inoti. Zvisinei, vatongi krestonosskih zvemisoro vakanga inogarwa internecine kusawirirana uye anonyengera, uye havana kuona kuti kumativi ose takapoteredzwa bedzi, uye nokudaro ari anokumhan'arira simba kwazvo ane hondo huru. Zvisinei, havana kurega kutora kurwisa utsinye pamusoro vaMuslim. Kunyanya, kamwe chete knight Renaud of Chatillon, uyo zvaibatanidzwa imwe Kumanikidza mapoka parwendo rwavo kubva muIjipiti, Saladin akuvadzwa pachake nokutuka, chibharo hanzvadzi yake, anoenda nomukomana wake. Nokuti mhosva iyi haana kutambura kurangwa kukodzera naMambo weJerusarema Baldwin muzvina, izvo zvakakonzera vaMuslim kuenda kuhondo, hondo inokosha kuti - hondo Ha Tình - kwakaitika muna 1187, gore ndokuguma kukundwa vaKristu. Uyezve, chikuru masangano avo mauto - the Order of Templars uye Hospitallers - vakaparadzwa nokuda Saracens, uye kudzivirira Jerusarema aiva munhu. Somugumisiro, muna September 1187 guta yokutanga kuisa vagari panguva ngoni Saladin Zvisinei, iye, akaratidza kusingaenzaniswi panguva Humanism kuburikidza muchisunungura vagari vose, kusanganisira masoja, rudzikinuro diki.

Kugadzirira uye chipfuro 3 Hondo (zvishoma)

Mashoko zviitiko izvi yakasvika Europe kwapera mwedzi mishomanana. The Pope Aisagona kubatsira asi kudana kuna maoko "hondo Kristu" uye pasina nguva akazivisa vaKaturike rose chinangwa Third Hondo ndechokuti kudzokera kuJerusarema uye kuranga Saracens.

Zvisinei, mumwe nomumwe madzimambo matatu vakaratidza chido kuenda kundorwa "nokuda kukudzwa kwaKristu," vaiva nevavariro dzake. Saka, chikuru chinangwa 3 kushingirira akaona Richard ari Lionheart, achangobva kupinda Chirungu choushe semukana pachavo vanorumbidza kubudikidza umhare zvakapembererwa uye vawane mukurumbira somurwi kukuru. Kana Mambo France Philip II uye German Emperor Frederick Rokutanga, vaifungidzira kusimbisa simba rake mukati munyika dzavo nokusvika kubvisa Knights vasingadiwi, uyewo kusimbisa simba mune zvematongerwe enyika nhandare. Saka, hapana kubatana pakati vatungamiriri vechiKristu haina, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo akasarudza kuzvimiririra. Saka, kutaura kosi uye chinangwa Third Hondo (1189-1192 gg.), CHINOFANIRA vaiona anofambisa pamusoro Chirungu, German uye French mauto, uyewo zvinoitwa vatungamiriri vavo nomumwe.

Speech Richard ari Lionheart uye Philip II

Britain Asati kutumira kuParestina akakwanisa kuunganidza mari zvikuru kupfuura vamwe pokuita nyika zvabatanidzwa. Chokwadi chokuti vazhinji Chirungu-Lenders vaidavira kuti chinangwa Chechitatu Hondo - akurumidze vapfume wamambo tichiregeredza tsika kuti kusarudzwa kana chokukunda vaMuslim uye vaJudha, uye saka vakanga nomufaro kusvitsa mari, Richard, achitora rubatso youmambo nyika. Kana kuti wakabudiswa kuita, mauto akanga akatakura pana ngarava uye kuenda Holy Land nemugungwa. Mambo pachake akaenda Italy, vakasangana panzira namambo French. Sezvo inotungamirwa Richard uye waFiripi mauto vakanga kunonoka zvakakwana, vakauya kuna Sisiri mumatsutso, uye hondo Dzorudzidziso vaifanira kupinda mukamuri uye kumirira chitubu. Panguva downtime mambo Chirungu asipo aigona muchikakavadzana Kesari muGermany, uye kuruboshwe French kuti kuParestina muna March, pasina muvakutsiri, sezvo akaudzwa kuti nezvenzvimbo yevaKristu yeko hwaipa mberi.

Tora kuKupro

Korol Richard akaenda musasa April 1191. Zvisinei, munzira aifanira kubata kuSaipurasi, sezvo mutongi vemo vakatapa mwenga wake Berengaria yeNavarre. The Chirungu vasina simba rokubata chitsuwa kwenguva refu. Uyezve, chinangwa Third Hondo yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo, saka vakatengesa nenguva waonekwa GI De Lusignan. Last panguva kwainzi titular mambo weJerusaremu, akabatwa Saladin, uye akanga saka kuwana kwete chete kupinda pfuma mari anosetsa kuti tidbit ichi sezvo Cyprus, asiwo kunyengetedza Richard kutora chikamu mune kukombwa Acre, apo paiva Philip mauto. Izvi Hakupindirani vavariro iri Third Hondo wechokwadi, asi zvakanga zvinobatsira pachake Lusignan.

Zvakataurwa Frederick Barbarossa

Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti zvinangwa Third Hondo, vadzidzi acho yakabvamburwa munyika kuzvipokanidza, kuti kubudirira kana vakanga rinotungamirirwa nomudzimu German Emperor. Chokwadi chokuti Frederick Barbarossa panguva iyoyo aiva mukuru uye ruzivo kupfuura vamwe vaviri madzimambo. Akagadzirira kwazvo nokutaura, akaita chibvumirano ne Byzantine mambo, umo kunyange kunongedzera mashoko akadai chikafu pakukurukura vairwa muhondo dzemachechi German pane akafanorongerwa mutengo. Panguva iyoyowo Frederick akatanga miviri mutambo uye vakatanga kutaurirana vokuSerbia uye vokuBulgaria, vakagadzirira kuti vamukire Byzantium uye kuziva simba rake mukutsinhana dzimwe ropafadzo. Saka, kunyange zvazvo pakutanga chinangwa Third Hondo yakanga akasarudzwa sokusunungurwa Jerusaremu German Emperor kwekanguva kunyange akapokana, kwete kana kuti kutanga hondo pamwe Byzantine Empire utongi muBalkans.

Rufu Barbarossa

Chero zvakanga, pakapera March 1191 vakatanga kuyambuka revarwi German mhiri Bosphorus. Uyezve, nzira yavo ayambuka miganhu Asia Minor, maigara Seljuk vokuTurkey, uyo kazhinji vakarwisa vakashaisa hondo Dzorudzidziso. Kuti avarange, yakapiwa hondo pedyo netaundi Ikoniyumu, pashure iyo mauto eGermany vakagamuchira indemnity huru zvokudya zvevanhu nezvemhuka. Pakupedzisira, mauto eGermany akapinda nharaunda Kirikia of Armenian umambo, izvo rakagara richidudzirwa kunge noushamwari kuti Dzorudzidziso. Zvisinei, June 9 munguva inonetsa rwizi kuyambuka Kalikadn (Selif) Emperor yakwegura akawira kubva bhiza mumvura iri rinorema dzokurwa rikanyuramo. Mashoko chiitiko ichi kwazvo pandakagamuchira Saladin, uyo zvino anonzwisisa kuti chinangwa 3 kushingirira nevaKristu angangotadza kubudirira. Pakafa Frederick ruzhinji mauto ake vakadzokera kumba, uye vashoma yokuzviparadzanisa akaenda Acre Zvisinei, apo, hakuna nzira akaratidza.

Yakakombwa Acre uye Hondo Arsuf

Sezvo vakawanda kare vanobvumirana pamusoro mubvunzo chii chaiva chinangwa Third Hondo yepakutanga, mhinduro ringava rimwe - pakukombwa kweJerusarema. Zvisinei, murume ano zvakaoma kunzwisisa sei, pane kutumwa Mutsvene City, varwi madzimambo vechiKristu makore matatu refu pelleted Acre, usina zvine urongwa kukosha. Uye panguva iyoyo vakakakavadzana kwazvo, uye mushure kubatwa guta Chirungu chete Korol Richard aiva muSiriya nehondo, vashoma madzishe simba kubva kunyika dzakasiyana nemauto avo, uyewo Knights Templars uye Hospitallers. vakasara izvi of Crusader mauto akaita yezwi Arsuf uye 7 September akakunda hondo Saracens. Next vakaenda kuJerusarema, uye Richard akanzwa akanga asina kugadzirira mberi hondo, uye akabvunza Saladin ane chibvumirano. Zvisinei, mutongi yevaMuslim akati akaramba, achiziva kuti yaisazombovakwazve kubudirira chinangwa Third Hondo, makore 1096-1099, vaKristu havana kudzokera, uye ivo havazokwanisi ndiponesezve ipapo akavamba Umambo Jerusarema.

hondo Chirongwa

Kudzokera France, Korol Kuvshinov aiva kutsiva dzemhando dzose Richard vose kutukwa kuti akamubaya panguva yekutsvaga rutsigiro. Achiona kuti chigaro pasi anogona vanodzedzereka, asi Chirungu namambo yaita runyararo runonyadzisa pamusoro mashoko Saladin, uye akaenda kumba, vachisiya Jerusarema mumaoko Muslim.

Zvakange kubudirira chinangwa Third Hondo (tafura zvinhu mumakore)?

Saka, zvose zvinoitwa nyika yechiKristu kudzoka Holy Land vakanga pasina, uye guru dzevanhu vakafa kana kuti pasina. Pasi tafura pamusoro paunogona arambe zvinokosha zviitiko pasi kukurukurwa.

Saka, mubvunzo chii chaiva chinangwa Chechitatu Hondo, mhinduro ndeyokuti: ari kubatwa Jerusarema. Uyewo, zvino munoziva zvimwe kuti tsanangura kuti nei akanga asina kubudirira.