Unoziva zvakataurwa caravel?

Rangarirai, pane dzimwe ngarava kufamba mu kure India Columbus? Kokutanga akanzwa zita sailboats izvi, involuntarily akati: "Sei rudo! Uye chii caravel? "Kutaura chokwadi, zita Ages webasa ane melodic chaizvo ruzha, uye zviri pachena kuti vava akanaka kwazvo. Vanowanzoororwa yakashongedzwa yemapuranga muviri kwazvo rakavezwa uye t nemhepo maseiri akavaita kutarira sezvinoita rwendo chikepe.

Caravel Ship: The Story of mavambo uye Mabviro

Pane nzira dzakawanda kutsanangura kwakabva shoko. Maererano nomumwe wavo, zita sailboats izvi ane Portuguese nemidzi uye rinobva diminutive shanduro shoko caravo (chikepe). Asi vokuItaly vanodavira kuti chikepe caravel ainzi saka nemhaka yokunaka kwayo uye runako, uye zita racho rinobva kwemapazi maviri mashoko Italian - Cara (akanaka) uye Bella (runako). Uye pane shanduro yechiGiriki mavambo, maererano iyo rinobva pashoko χαραβος (ksarabos). Kubva zvakaitika rechiLatin carabus (nembariro chikepe), uye kuti shoko Russian "chikepe". Chokwadi, rokuItari Version - kupfuura akanaka uye zvakarurama pedyo zvaanoreva, nokuti caravel - zviri chaizvoizvo yakanaka chaizvo chikepe. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanyori venhau dzakaitika chiwanzo chokudavira kuti shoko rine izvozvo echiGiriki nemidzi.

Chii caravel?

Ngarava idzi dzakanga nevanhu Western Europe iri 13-16 emakore fung. Nokuti makore iwayo, Spain nePortugal vaionekwa Largest nepagungwa masimba uye zvikuru nenzvimbo zvakawanwa vaiva izvozvo kwavari, ivo sezvingatarisirwa vakatora kupfuura simba uye kukura fleets. The chikuru Chikamu uwandu Spanish fleets kusvikira muzana remakore rechi15 Kwairatidza dare, unonzi "caravel" (ona mufananidzo nyaya). Naizvozvo, isu tose tiri makuru zvakawanwa vezvikepe vachiwadzana nawo, asi vamwe zvomumvura sailboats - karakki -. More raiwanzosanganisira panzendo refu Hristofora Kolumba, Vasco da Gama, Magellan, etc. Bvuma kuti Karakka iwe kashoma kunzwa chinhu apo caravels nguva dzose taiva kunzwa, uye kuonga zvose kuti zita ravo enhetembo. Caravel! Beauty, regai kutaura chinhu. Vaiva zviviri kana nhumbi-masted matatu ane zvakananga kana oblique (Latin) VaDabengwa. Nokuti vaya vanoda kuziva muudzame zvinodzidziswa caravel, tinogona kuwedzera kuti vaiva rinokosha mhando Hull yakanamirwa pamifananidzo. Saka, kana pane dzimwe Matare rakazoshandiswa vanonzi nzira "bindepinde", ipapo izvi chikepe bhodhi aneganda kukodzera zvakasimba mumwe. Kunze runoratidza zvikepe izvi zvave ronga ukama raanoziva urefu kuti yakafara (4: 1), kuvapo imwe chete uriri uye akamutswa akaoma, kwamakadarika zvaibvira chikepe ane akanaka kanofefetera. On caravels kazhinji vane masts matatu, uye mativi nechikepe makamuisa kune oblique reyam.

Pakati rengarava Hristofora Kolumba ngarava yakafanana vaiva "Nina" uye "Pinta", asi iwo "Santa Maria" ndorwevaya chizvarwa chitsva dzengarava - Karakka. Muchidimbu, caravel - chikepe, izvo nokuda kwayo maneuverability, pamwe yakawanda yemhando Karakka akakwanisa kushambira, mhenderekedzo Novaya Zemlya. Ngarava idzi vanowanzoyemura havaratidzi vakapakata. The duku kukura uriri haabvumirwi kuiswa kwavo atirari pfuti. Naizvozvo, chete kudzivirira vaiva muskets huru, izvo zvaiiswa ari shure.

Kusimudzira caravels

Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko caravels akatanga kuvandudza. Ivo pachinzvimbo oblique maseiri akanga akarurama, uye nokuda kwavo kumatare nyore kudzora aine mhepo akanaka. Kolumbovskaya "Pinta" vaiva chizvarwa chitsva caravels, uye iye aiva maseiri zvakananga isiri Latin, nepo "Nini" vava mativi, sapamazuva dzenhoroondo yokutevedzera, iro rakatanga akashumira zvinangwa hove.

Columbus asati vachiyambuka Atlantic kubva kuna Azores asarudza yokutsiva slanting maseiri pamusoro "pfumbamwe" kururamisa. Uye akaita. Pashure pezvose, dai zvisina kudaro, caravel, zvichida vaisagona kusvika pamhenderekedzo America. Zvishoma nezvishoma akabuda kushandisa Latin-mhando maseiri. Uye kana mumwe munhu akabvunza kuti chii caravel, ipapo hapana angadai akataura kuti dare iri vane oblique nechikepe giya.

mhedziso

In zvinotisimbisa pane Zvisinei Kurondedzera dzakawanda midziyo iyi, vanenge vasina mifananidzo, izvo unogona kufungidzira, chii vaiva caravels chaizvoizvo. Vazhinji mifananidzo zvakaitwa zvikuru gare gare, apo chikepe vagara kubva kushandiswa. Zvisinei, kusvikira isu asvika caravel mufananidzo, yakaitwa Lisbon muna 1520. Pamusana kwaari, kunzwisisa kwedu chikepe ichi anova zvizere. Pamufananidzo mbiri-masted caravel (yaifananidzira kurudyi) ane oblique nechikepe. It anoratidzwa pamusoro retablo muSt tsverkvi. Avty. Ndizvo kukosha ava mudziyo muPortugal muna nenguva mukuru nenzvimbo matongo.