David Livingstone: Biography, kufamba uye kuziva. Akasvinudza David Livingstone mu Africa?

Mumwe Vafambi yakakurumbira, vane zvipo ndandanda nenzvimbo tsvakurudzo hazvigoni dzakanaka - David Livingstone. Ini akazarura ari Zvokutopenga? nyaya hwake uye kubudirira hunonyatsodonongodza munyaya ino.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Future mukuru akawana akaberekwa March 19, 1813 mumusha Blantyre pedyo Glasgow (Scotland). Ake mhuri yaiva murombo, baba vakatengesa mumugwagwa tii, uye mukomana ane makore 10 aifanira kuenda kubasa pa yomunharaunda Whitehead Textile chigayo. On ake mari yokuwedzera wokutanga, David Livingstone, ane Biography inorondedzerwa munyaya, akatenga Latin girama bhuku. Pasinei nokuti aishanda zvakaoma kubva 6 am kusvika 8 pm, akawana nguva Muperekedzi. Zvino mukomana uye vose vakatanga kuenda kuchikoro usiku, apo akadzidza kwete chete Latin asiwo Greek, masvomhu uye zvechitendero. Mukomana akanga kwazvo kwazvo kuverenga, kunyanya dzenhoroondo vadetembi chepakutanga, asiri ingano uye tsananguro pakufamba.

Sei chinangwa muupenyu

Pazera 19, David Livingstone kwaitsigirwa. Izvi zvaiva kuwedzera mari, zvaakanga aimbodzidza payunivhesiti zvokurapa. Pashure 2 years, akagamuchira ake doctorate. Panguva iyi Chirungu Church waishanda anoparadzirwa kukwezva vazvipiri kuti basa roumishinari. Yakazara pfungwa iyi, David zvikuru iye akadzidza zvechitendero, uye muna 1838 akagadzwa kuva mupristi, uye vakashandisa nhengo iri Missionary Society muLondon. Panguva iyoyowo, mumwe mupristi wechiduku uye chiremba akasangana mumishinari Robert Moffat, vanobata Africa, uye akakurudzira Livingston kutarira kondinendi dema.

Kutanga mukuru nzira hwose

Pakupera 1840-makore 27 mufambi nechikepe mungarava kuna Africa. On munzira, haana kutambisa nguva, kugona uchenjeri wekushandisa uye kudzidza kuwana Coordonatele the Earth.

Man aburuka kuCape Town (South Africa Coast) March 14, 1841. Asarudza kuti zvakasimba kugadzirira nyaya muupenyu hwake, David Livingstone akagara pakati vaAborigine uye akadzidza mutauro wavo uye tsika. Mumwedzi mitanhatu, akataura zvokutsetsenurwa pamwe savages, kuti iye inobatsira chaizvo mune ramangwana kusimbisa nevanhu marudzi akasiyana-siyana kutamira kure negungwa.

David hazvina kufadza zvichiri. Zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvishoma nezvishoma mberi, nyaya kwenguva yakati inotevera rudzi, muchizadzwa kuzivana mutsva netsika, kugadzira Blog Entries. Pakazosvika zhizha 1842 Livingston akakunda chinokosha chikamu Kalahari Desert. Saka kure Haana kuuya kuti kunyange chimwe European.

Mujinga yavo basa. Irwa shumba

Muna 1843, Livingstone akavamba basa iri Mobotse, achiparidza vhangeri veko uye zvishoma nezvishoma kutamira kuchamhembe. VaAborigine aiva mumishinari noruremekedzo, mutsa, uye kuona chete chikamu. Aishingaira akadzivirira kubva yokurwiswa Portuguese uye mamwe dzayaitonga Gone vatema muuranda, atsungirira nemoyo murefu zvose matambudziko hupenyu zvakaoma African savanna.

Muna 1944, David Livingstone, Africa idzo rava musha chaiwo, akapona zvinotyisa ushingi. Hunting nenhengo rudzi, Akatsoropodzwa chihombe shumba uye nenzira inoshamisa vakapona. Mhuka akaputsa rwake rworuboshwe ruoko munzvimbo dzinoverengeka, zvichikonzera mumishinari upenyu akaramba akaremara. Aifanira kudzidza akabata pfuti yake rworuboshwe uye chinangwa rworuboshwe ziso. Pakuyeuka kuti chiitiko zvinotyisa pafudzi rake anotaura meno 11 seeshumba. The zvemo adana chena murume Leo Guru.

Marriage. tama basa

Muna 1845, David Livingstone akaroora Mariya - mwanasikana neshasha rwendo rwake, Robert Moffett. Mudzimai kufamba nomurume wake mishandirapamwe, resignedly vaiita zvose matambudziko nzendo, izvo akamuberekera vanakomana mana.

Pakazosvika nguva muchato, rimwe jaya hwakakanyiwa vakasununguka chete zvemo vakanakidzwa chivimbo chavo, saka akasarudza kutamira basa raro mugungwa Kolobeng River. Ivo, pamwe chete nomudzimai wake ndokugara dzokumaruwa bakvenov. Livingston zvikuru pedyo kushamwaridzana mutungamiri Sechele, uyo pakarepo akatora mwoyo yechiKristu nedzidziso. Akabvuma kuti vabhabhatidzwe, zvasiya tsika dzechihedheni uye akadzokera dzamadzibaba madzimai avo, richisiya naye chete. Zvakanga uye kubudirira, uye panguva imwe chete hombe dambudziko iri European mufambi. Rudzi rwakanga kusagutsikana kuchinja kwakadaro kujairika, zviitiko zvinosuruvarisa rakaenderana nzara, waitwa ose mumishinari uye wake kusiya basa uye tofambira mberi mukati Kalahari Desert, iyo zvemo kunzi nyika nyota kwazvo.

Kuwanikwa Lake Ngami

Kuwedzera basa roumishinari, pasinei nezvinetso, usakanganwa pamusoro kutsvakurudza basa David Livingstone. Kuvhura ake akaita munguva refu nzendo, kutama zvishoma nezvishoma kubvira kumaodzanyemba kusvikira kuchamhembe mhiri kondinendi.

June 1, 1849 akashinga mufambi wake, nevana uye vanoverengeka neshamwari nomunyika Kalahari kusvika Zambezi River, asi fungidzira nzvimbo kupi kuMiddle Ages kwakaratidzwa pamepu of South Africa. Livingstone akanga akatsunga achiratidza chaiyo nzvimbo murwizi, kuti kuongorora mubhedha yayo, kuwana kunobva uye muromo.

Long nzira kutora mazuva sokuvapo 30, kwainetesa uye nekutambudzika, kunyanya nokuti Mariya nevana. Kana vafambi Uyai kurwizi, avo mufaro vasingazive miganhu. Ikoko vakasangana marudzi bakalahari uye Bushmen, uyo akatora vatorwa nomutsa kukasawedzerwa zvinhu zvavo uye akapa perekedza. Vafambi vachifamba rwizi, uye August 1, 1949 akaenda Lake Ngami, kusvikira ndisingazikamwi chero European.

Nokuti ichi zvakawanikwa, David Livingstone akanga paakavapa kuGold menduru pamusoro Royal Geographical Society uye akapiwa guru mari mubayiro.

Mushure dzose adventures ose rwendo nhengo akadzokera basa musi Kolobeng zvakanaka.

Dilolo Lake uye Victoria Falls

Muna 1852, Livingstone akatuma mudzimai wake nevanakomana muScotland, akakurudzira ane nechido mutsva mumwoyo Black kondinendi pasi Mashoko: ". Ndichaita kuvhura Africa kana kuparara"

Pavaifamba, 1853-1854 gg. Zambezi rwizi mumupata, vabati vechibharo ayo yave kuongororwa. The chikuru zvinoitirwawo rwendo yaiva kuwanikwa Dilolo nyanza muna 1854, uyo mumishinari mumwezve goridhe menduru kubva Geographical Society.

David Livingstone mberi rwendo kunosanganisira kuwana hwomutambarakede mugwagwa kumabvazuva kusvikira Indian Ocean. Mumatsutso 1855 duku simba zvakare kuzununguswa pasi Zambezi River. Vhiki shomanana gare gare, musi November 17, pamberi Vafambi akazviratidza hunoshamisa mufananidzo: Vakamupfekedza mapopoma 120 metres yakakwirira uye 1800 mamita paupamhi. VaAborigine vanouti "Mosi Sekai Tunya", iro rinoshandurudzwa rinoreva "kwatinhira mvura". Izvi chikuru dzinongoitika Fani David anonzi Victoria mukukudza Mambokadzi England. Nhasi, ari mapopoma ndiyo shongwe kuti vakashinga wokuScotland akaongorora Africa.

Zvibereko Indian Ocean. homecoming

Kuramba Kudzidza Zambezi, mumishinari akavhomora pfungwa dzayo kuchamhembe ruoko akafamba naye pamuromo rwizi, richisvika kumahombekombe kuIndian Ocean. May 20, 1856 mukuru kuchinja kubva African kondinendi kubva kuAtlantic kusvika kuIndian Ocean rwakapedziswa.

Atova December 9, 1856 mu UK shure akavimbika anotongwa Queen, David Livingstone. It yakavhurwa Africa, ichi nesimba mufambi uye mumishinari? adventures ake ose uye nenzvimbo matongo , akanyora bhuku muna 1857. Royalties kubva muparidzi kupa zvakanaka kurega mudzimai wake nevana. David kugeza pamwe mibayiro uye okuremekedza, akapiwa vateereri pamwe Queen Victoria, uye zvokuita kuCambridge, akatendeukira vechidiki womunharaunda kudaidzwa kuti kumishoni uye pakurwisana kwevaranda.

Chechipiri rwendo Africa

On March 1, 1858 musi waJuly 23, 1864 David Livingstone akapedza yechipiri rwendo Africa, iyo pamwe chete naye vakaenda wake, munin'ina, uye mwanakomana pakati.

Munguva rwendo, Livingstone mberi kudzidza Zambezi yayo vabati vechibharo. September 16, 1859, akazarura Lake Nyasa, akati Coordonatele pamusoro Shire uye Ruvuma nzizi. Pavaifamba, yakanga yaunganira guru chitoro musayenzi zvaanorumbidza munzvimbo dzakadai bhotani, zvemhuka, ikoroji, zvemaumbirwo, ethnography.

Rwendo kunze nomufaro chiitiko zvakawanwa idzva vakauya nenhamo Livingstone 2: April 27, 1862 kubva marariya akafa wake, gare gare, David vakagamuchira mashoko rufu dangwe.

Adzokera wemamishinari pamwe chete ake munin'ina muzhizha 1864 kuti nyora imwe bhuku pamusoro Africa.

Third rwendo kune Black Continent

Musi waJanuary 28, 1866 musi waMay 1, 1873 yakakurumbira mupanguri akaita yechitatu uye yokupedzisira rwokuenda yacho. Poring pamusoro steppes of Central Africa, yakasvika nzvimbo Mukuru Lakes, akaongorora Tanganyika, Lualaba River, kutsvaka rweNile. Munzira, akaita maviri chete mukuru-Profile yokutanga: November 8, 1867 - Lake Mweru, uye July 18, 1868 - Lake Bangweulu.

matambudziko kufamba vaneta utano Davida Livingstona, uye pakarepo akarwara nedengue fever. Izvi vakamumanikidza kuti kudzokera kumusasa kumusha Ujiji. For ndaneta uye vakatambudza dzendege November 10, 1871 wakauya kubatsira munhu Genri Stena, angafanirwa kubva kunotsvaka muKristu roumishinari pepanhau "New York, Harold." Stan vakauya mishonga uye zvokudya, saka David Livingstone, pfupi Biography inorondedzerwa munyaya, ndokuenda kuruoko gadzira. Nokukurumidza akatanga zvidzidzo zvake, asi zvinosuwisa kwete kwenguva refu.

May 1, 1873, akafa muKristu mumishinari, murwi kuzorwa kwevaranda, yakakurumbira akaongorora South Africa, akawana vazhinji tsaukana zvimwe David Livingstone. mwoyo wake wakanga ari gaba bhokisi kubva pasi furawa zvemo norukudzo akavigwa Chitambo mvula pasi pemuti. Zvomumagaba muviri akatuma kumba, uye April 18, 1874 akavigwa Westminster Abbey.