Vakwikwidzi of Third Hondo, chinangwa

NevaIslam sezvo kutanga nemauto-vechitendero yakabuda yaitonga weRoma Pope Gregory wechinomwe aiudzwa imwe une kubva "infidels" vokuParestina uye neJerusarema, apo guva waJehovha, uye kupararira chiKristu kuburikidza nemauto zvinoreva pakati pevahedheni, vaMuslim, vagari Orthodox inoti uye vemanyepo kufamba . In emakore akatevera muHondo vakanga ainyanya nokuda zvechiKristu chavagari kuBaltic States, kudzvinyirira pakati vemanyepo kuratidzwa munyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope, kana kugadzirisa zvimwe pachedu matambudziko avo akatungamirira choumambo muna Vatican.

A dzinokwana pfumbamwe rutsigiro rwemauto. Kuti kuvimbisa kuti huru vechikamu Third Hondo? Table nehasha anoratidza dzinofunga dzavo imwe danidziro sezviri sezvinotevera:

Ndiani akaenda muHondo?

Vanhuwo nhengo Third Hondo racho sezvamunoita hakusi zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva contingent, uyo akatora mugove zvakafanana zviito adarika. Somuenzaniso, muna kufora yekutanga wakapindwa zhinji French Vanokudzwa kwenguva, iye pamwe retinues dzavo uye pedyo mamongi uye nevesangano (kwaiva kunyange vana vari kuenda kune "infidels" nokuda chivimbiso papa nokuda kwokukanganwirwa kwezvivi zvose) nenzira dzakasiyana vakasvika Constantinople muna 1097 akayambuka Bosphorus.

zviuru mazana matatu Dzorudzidziso chikamu chimwe anofamba

Uwandu Hondo Tsvene zvasvika ingangoita chetatu vanhu vanosvika miriyoni. Makore maviri gare gare, akarwa yakasvika Jerusarema, akagura mugove kukosha vaMuslim vakawanda mupenyu pano. Ipapo Knights namapoka avo vakarwa hondo pamwe nevasina maMoziremu nevaGiriki, Byzantines, uye vamwe. Ivo inotangwa inoti vechiKristu vanoverengeka yeRebhanoni kudzorwa kutengeserana pakati Europe, China neIndia chero pasina ivhu idzva Asia akazarurwa nyika kuburikidza Eastern Russia. Russian kutengeserana nenyika uye vakaedza kudzora pamwe Dzorudzidziso, saka vatsigiri racho nemauto-vezvitendero wakarebesa akachengetedzwa kuBaltic States.

Ancient Edessa nekunyepedzera kurwa

Vakwikwidzi of Third Hondo (1147-1149) vaiva chokwadi munyaya yechipiri kushingirira. chiitiko ichi uyewo kunotanga pakaberekwa muna Constantinople, Mambo Conrad German uye mauto ake muna 1147. The prerequisites nokuti sefungu ruvengo Munyika Tsvene wechipiri waiva ndechokuti Budiriro vechimoziremu akatonyanya vanoshingaira uye akatanga kudzokera kwaari kare atora kubva panyika. Zvikurukuru, yakanga akakunda Edessa, Jerusarema akafa, Korol Fulk, uyo akanga fuma muFrance, uye mwanasikana wake vaisagona kupa zvakakwana kudzivirira zvido nokuda nokupanduka vatongi vari pasi.

St. Bernard akaropafadza vokuGermany uye French kufora

Vakwikwidzi of Third Hondo (chaizvoizvo wechipiri, pakati pezana remakore rechi12) zvakagadzirwa kupfuura gore rimwe. Rakanga vaifungidzira kuti kuti zvinoshingaira aite Pope Eugene rechitatu, iyo Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo akanga simba sezvo simba democratic nezvemaitiro Italy (vachitungamirirwa Arnold pamusoro Brescia). mutongi French Louis wechinomwe mumwe knight chomudzimu, zvakare, akasangana vamwe nokufamba, apo ari danidziro ake haana kukomborera Papa muzita St. Bernard, uyo akapa mharidzo nezvokudiwa kusunungura Mutsvene muhwiro 1146, vanhu nepakati uye kumaodzanyemba kweFrance kutuswa. 3 nhengo Hondo (kare funga iye wechipiri) aibva France dzinokwana vanhu vanenge zviuru 70, izvo akabatana munzira vanhu sezvo vakawanda vechitendero. Kwapera gore, St. Bernard akadana chete sefungu akakurumbira kufamba pakati German vakawanda, paakasvika pamusoro kushanyira King Conrad.

Kuyambuka Bosphorus, Mambo weGermany Conrad nomubvunzo kurwisa iri Seljuks, vakanga vasingagoni kupinda munyika, uye pakupedzisira, akadzokera kumba (kusanganisira Conrad uye Korol Lyudvig rechinomwe). The French achifamba mhenderekedzo Asia Minor, uye zvikuru akakurumbira vavo nechikepe kuSiriya muna 1148. Ground mauto anoda panguva simba zvizere vakarasika panguva iitike. Edessa, kurohwa kure Dzorudzidziso panguva "infidels", akanga zvakare uchikundwa vaMuslim, on kuna Din akakunda rakatevera kuAndiyoki panyika Kurds, akatungamirirwa vanonzvenga yakakunda Ijipiti, iyo ushe mushure yakakurumbira Saladin, muchamanikidza uye Muslim Siria, Dhamasiko uye chikamu Mesopotamia.

Kusembura ukama kuMabvazuva afa Baldwin Chechina

Mumakore iwayo muJerusarema, mitemo vachirwara zvakakomba nemaperembudzi Baldwin chechina, uyo aiva Wenyika akanaka uye zvakanaka zvisina kwazvakarerekera mune zvematongerwo pakati peJerusarema neDhamasiko. Zvisinei, pashure porufu rwake, mumwe GI De Luzinyan takaroorana hanzvadzi Baldwin, vakazivisa pachake Mambo Jerusarema uye Saladin akatanga kutsamwisa zvechiuto chiito, umo ekupedzisira hwunopfuura vakabudirira, wakati yakahwina Dzorudzidziso zvinenge nyika yose.

The vemauto kubudirira pamusoro Saladin kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti Europe makanga zvinogona vechikamu Third Hondo, uyo aida kutora tikazvitsivira kwaari. A idzva kushanda muchiuto kumabvazuva nokuropafadzwa Papa akatungamirira Frederick Barbarossa, Korol Kuvshinov Augustus II (French) uye Richard ari Lionheart - Mambo England panguva. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Firipi uye Richard zvakajeka kusafarira mumwe. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti Firipi aiva tenzi chivande (kusanganisira mukoma waRichard, John Landless, uyo akatungamirira England pasina mutongi anokosha), iyo isina kusiyaniswa ake Chirungu mupikisi. Zvisinei, The yokupedzisira, akatambudzika zvikuru, kwete akayangarara rehondo ehurumende.

Frederick Barbarossa aiva akangwarira wehondo

Ukama hwakadaro vaiva pakati musoro wehurumende - vatori of Third Hondo. Frederick Rokutanga, iri akatenda vamwe venhoroondo, zvakanga kure hadzimbotauri dzakadaro uye nokugadzirira kambani yake East akatibvunzisisa. Pane uchapupu kuti wakange pamberi rutsigiro, uye vakabata hurukuro pamwe Byzantine Empire, uye Sultan pamusoro Ikoniyumu, uye zvichida pamwe pachake Sultan Saladin. By sungano Byzantine Emperor Vatori 3 kushingirira vakawana vakasununguka ndima kuburikidza pasi uye kupiwa zvokudya panguva zvakafanorongwa prices. Hungarian Korol Bhera, uyo akanga asina muzvirongwa mushandirapamwe, akanga ane hondo Barbarossa kuburikidza ayo ndima Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nzira. Asi munzira vokuGermany vakatanga kurwisa boka ramakororo. Pakati Dzorudzidziso vakatanga kupinda Kwataigara vakanga vasingagutsikani nevatungamiriri vavo, izvo zvakawedzera uwandu musazonetsanazve nezvombo.

Chii vari matambudziko akatarisana Vatori German of Third Hondo? Friedrich 1 havana kuziva kuti pashure pokuyambuka Bosphorus muna March 1190 akanga aneta mauto vachatapwa kuburikidza Asia Minor, pamberi kuparadza hondo Seljuks, apo zvavachaona nezvinetso nemhuka mutoro uye zvokudya. Mambo Germany akahwina guru kukunda paIkoniyamu, asi muKirikia, kana achipfuura gomo rwizi Salef Friedrich ikavhunga uye akafa. It vakaparadza kubudirira zvebhizimisi sezvo chikamu Dzorudzidziso vaifanira kudzokera Europe nomugungwa, uye chikamu aburukira Agra (huru chinangwa chirongwa), akatungamirirwa neMweya Duke pakati Swabia akatora mugove hondo pamwe nevamwe vaKristu.

Richard uye Firipi akaenda nomugungwa

Other mukuru nhengo Third Hondo (1189-1192) akauya kuna pakukombwa Agra nemauto ake muchirimo 1190. Munzira, Richard akakwanisa kubata Cyprus. Asi Agra, kunyanya nokuda kupokanidzana pakati Richard naFiripi, kusvikira muzhizha 1191, anenge makore maviri. Part of French Knights ipapo nechikepe kumusha kwavo vachitungamirirwa mambo wavo. Asi vamwe, kufanana Henry Champagne, Burgundy, Hugo and unto. Vakasiyiwa kurwa muSiriya, apo Saladin ndokukuvadza mumwe kukundwa panguva Arsuf, asi akakundikana kudzokera kuJerusarema. Muna September 1192 vechikamu pamusoro Third Hondo yakanga yakasainwa pamwe Sultan werugare chibvumirano, pasi iyo vaKristu vaigona chete kushanyira Mutsvene City. Richard ari Lionheart ipapo akazodzokera kumusha kwake. Inenge munguva imwe chete akauya Teutonic hurongwa Knights, iro yaunganidzwa rokutendeutsa muchipatara wokuGermany St. Mary Fraternity yakarongwa panguva nechisimba East.

Zvakabuda muHondo

Zvii zvakanga States Mapato Third Hondo? Tafura rinoratidza kuti vokuEurope uye vanhu East, pane akarasika kupfuura kubva izvi munhau. Asi zvinokosha kuziva kuti muHondo somugumisiro akanga asina chete rufu vakawanda vanhu, ivo kwakaderera romuMiddle siyana ehurumende, asi zvakonzerawo rapprochement pakati boka vemarudzi akasiyana uye marudzi, akatsigira kukura wekushandisa uye kutengeserana, chiKristu, kuti interpenetration tsika tsika vamabvazuva uye West.