Chii Bagration flushes

Bagration flushes - vanzwisise kuti yava chiratidzo heroism kwomurwi wokuRussia, ake ushingi, uye kudzidziswa zvechiuto. kasere vakarumbidza Napoleon vake vehondo, kuva zvinobatsira chaizvo manpower, vakaedza kutora izvi chinochechenya munda masvingo. Murwire Bagration flushes akabvumira mauto Russian kumira pamunda Borodino. Madzibaba edu rinobwinya akajekesa asingakundiki Napoleon kuti masoja Russian kuenda kurwa kusvikira pakuguma uye havana kuenda nyore saka kusuwa muvengi wake guru.

pfungwa

Tisati nekutatamura hondo nokuda Bagration flushes, zvishoma vanoti pfungwa pamusoro.

Flushes - wekare muchimiro munda masvingo, zvinosanganisira maviri wakazadza. The anofungidzirwa Kureba nerimwe rakanga 20-30 mamita. Mumwe riri pana necheparutivi, achiumba museve zvigunwe nenzira muvengi. Nokudaro name: kubva French rinoreva "museve". Flushes vakanga kwekanguva munda Mini-nhare, inovakwa pamusoro chinokosha munzvimbo imwe mhando. Vane nhamba yakakwana vanhu nepfuti, izvo angakudzivisai yakakuwandira hukuru mauto muvengi. Kutaura zvazviri, kubva zvitema tairima masvingo, izvo zvaifanira aendeswa dutu nokuda pevane masimba.

Historical uye strategichskoe zita

Bagration flushes - 4 munda atirari masvingo kureba - vaiva mumusha Semyonovskoe. Zvakasikwa kusimbisa nzvimbo yechipiri Western Army Petra Ivanovicha Bagrationa. Pazuva inokosha map murayiro Russian, dzinonzi "Semenov flushes" uye zita rayo dzakaitika - Bagration flushes - akagamuchira mukukudza yakakurumbira gamba hondo. P. I. Bagration aiva pano vakagamuchira ronda rake, izvo zvakava kuurayisa.

Bagration flushes: mamiriro ezvinhu mumunda Borodino

Sei Napoleon kuedza kukomba simba zvekudzivira redoubt? Chokwadi chokuti mukuru French vakawanda wavanozvisunga vakaronga kurwisa kwake chikuru nokuda inifanduri rinotsigirwa atirari parutivi, pedyo nomusha Semyonovskoe. Izvi inokosha zviito wakatarisira kupwanya Russian kudzivirira pamusoro bapiro uye kuenda necheshure hondo dzedu.

Mauto vemapato

Kunobudirira parutivi kurwisa rwemberi kweuto Russian aibvumirwa achizviendesa chikuru simba redu kusvikira kurwizi. Izvi kuvatendera chose. Zvinonzwisiswa uye Kutuzov: rakamanikana bhendi uye zvakasikwa matatu atirari masvingo. Total Bagration dzinounzwa kuti mugove 50 nechemberi anoshongwa uye 8 zviuru. Masoja.

Napoleon dzinounzwa nokuti simba parutivi kurwiswa 40 zviuru. Man. Aiona kuti ichi zvakakwana kumedura kuburikidza kuzvidzivirira parutivi masvingo. Zvisinei, mukuru mukuru panguva ino miscalculated kwazvo: rakamanikana nzvimbo haabvumirwi pamberi kuzvidzivirira mutsetse kuti vanyatsokwanisa kushandisa nhamba kwemubairo. Uyewo, vokuFrance rega kufunga nemishonga ravarwi Russian uyo, kusiyana European mushandirapamwe, nguva ino kuti vadzivirire nyika yavo kubva muvengi yaiparadza.

Kurwisa flushes

Vachirwira Bagration flushes zvakatanga panguva imwe chete kurwisa muvengi mumusha Borodino - vanenge 6 o'clock mangwanani. Hafu kiromita kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero masvingo waiva musha Utitsa. Pakati paro ichionekwawo musango kuvanza rangers Russian kudzivirira nokusimbaradza basa French kumativi kuburikidza musango.

Utitskogo Kunyange asati hondo Marshal Davoust pamupendero yomudondo vakatanga kuvaka shongwe kuti kurwisa. Pano, redu atirari uye vatanga ayo salvo rokutanga panguva muvengi anenge pfungwa-varara, pamwe dinstantsii 500 metres, kwete kupa muvengi akasununguka chimiro ari mbiru. The French akatanga varege zvinokosha nezvinhu pamberi muhondo. Muvengi, zvakare, akaronga mabhatiri matatu 102 pfuti ine kiromita kubva flushes uye akatanga mumoto. Zvisinei, zvose pfungwa Russian atirari akanga riveted kuti mbiru inifanduri.

Kana kusvika panguva chinhambwe 200 metres wokuRussia atirari vakatamira kakawanda moto grapeshot. Chaizvoizvo pfuti akatendeukira zvigwagwagwa, izvo abutment bara muvengi mbiru.

Tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti mazano ari muhondo panguva iyoyo zvakanga zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva akazotevera eras: mune hondo manzwi ngoma vakanga akamboforesa mauto pembiru. Kana French Somuenzaniso, zvinokambaira kana uchifamba pane imwe run, vangadai pakarepo akakomberedzwa. Zvisinei, hondo anogara kuitika yakazaruka nzvimbo mumaruwa, Napoleon kuti Mbiru hurongwa anogara nani. Pano mamiriro ezvinhu akanga akasiyana pamusoro rakamanikana chikamu nzvimbo dzakanga kuzvidzivirira redoubts, izvo, kufanana pfuti, "mowed pasi" mbiru yomuvengi.

Mushure pfuti Russian akatanga kuparadza French panhengo pamwe grapeshot zvemandorokwati, yokupedzisira nokusatenda rinenge ratangwa rinofanira kupera kwohumwe kurwiswa. Wokupedzisira mashanga semupi pfuti salvo kubva musango rangers. Muvengi akatanga shure. Zvisinei, achaunganidza uye vemauto zvakare akatuma varwi kuti kurwiswa.

Kurwa akatora nzvimbo: yokuFrance akarwiswa, vakadzokera shure, rakavakwazve, ipapo akarwisa zvakare, kutambura zvikuru kurasikirwa. Russian, nekusiyana, musatakura guru nezvinhu zviri maawa hondo yokutanga. inifanduri yedu akafuridzirwa, vachiona kuti ari muvengi anotambura varasikirwa.

All kunge vatora kurwisa sere musi Bagration flushes. The French havana chete akarasikirwa simba pakutora kuzvidzivirira mitsetse, asi vakashandisa reserves yayo yose, vaiva zvakafanira kuti kubudirira chiitiko zvakaitika budiriro. Achaunganidza mwoyo, Napoleon yavanomanikidzwa kwazvo, uye mauto ake akanga asisina kutenda muna invincibility kwake. Russian uyewo vakaramba vane dzavo.

kurwisa rechisere

By zvemasikati, zvaiva pachena kuti huru ichivhuvhuta nechinangwa yeFrance flushes Bagration. pfuti About 400 vakatanga ndizvipete kune Russian kuzvidzivirira redoubts. It akakandwa mamwe 45 zviuru. Man. Bagration aigona varume. Vanhu zviuru chete 15 uye 300 pfuti.

Kutuzov zvakare akaziva kukosha nemauto aya mberi. Akarayira chiedza vamabhiza yokunzvenga muvengi wacho parutivi urove pakupedzisira nomuvengi. Izvi zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti pave kuchengeterwa rechiFrench, musingavapi kukandira mauto avo ose Bagration. Panguva iyo yakaronga uchatamisa masimba ose kusvikira parutivi, asi nguva yaidiwa kuti ichi. The French vakamhanyira yakakuwandira. Panguva ino, inokosha ukuru akabvumira kutyora pamusoro nokupenya. Bagration ndokuarasa kwavo simba zvose, melee dzakatevera umo mukuru pachake akakuvadzwa. Flushes vakatorwa, asi yose Napoleon Chirongwa akava pachena: pashure mauto Russian akatanga kuumba kudzivirira kwakavakirwa chaiwo urongwa muvengi.

Bagration flushes, "Hondo uye Rugare"

Chinonyanya kukosha zviitiko hondo Borodino, mumatauriro yokufungidzira L. N.Tolstogo "Hondo uye Rugare". Bagration flushes kumwe nayo "vakarasika". All mikuru zviitiko hondo Borodino pakurwa, munyori rinobatanidza pamwe bhatiri Rajewski, unosanganisira mumwe vanonyanya kutaurwa - Per Bezuhov.

Dzinopikisana iri yokufungidzira anoti pamusoro Bagration: "Iye ibenzi, asi ane ruzivo, ziso uye kutsunga ..." (Volume 3, Part 1, Chapter VI.), Asi panguva imwe chete "... yakanakisisa - Bagration pachake Napoleon akabvuma izvi ... ". The nganonyorwa Pfungwa "upenzi" anodzivisa Dzidziso "kutsunga, ushingi." L. N. NdiTolstoy inoita zvizvarwa pachena kuti Bagration - murume akashinga, akashinga ane murwi, asi sezvo wemauto haasi inokwanisa ine utsinye kukarukureta uye akabudirira murayiro. Izvi zvisina kunanga yasimbiswa uyewo pakurwa: Bagration flushes vakakanda reserves ake ose, uye akaenda pamusoro kurwisa kwenzira mauto ake, akanga vakakuvadzwa zvokufa.

zvabuda

Munyaya ino isu vakafukidza chii Bagration flushes: tsanangudzo yakapiwa, akatsanangura kukosha hondo kwavari nokuda mugumisiro Hondo Borodino, simba mapato. Hungu, pasinei heroism Varwi Russian, hondo vakarasikirwa. Zvisinei, izvi ndozvazvakaita, pamusoro izvo vanoti "vakarasikirwa hondo asi akunda hondo."