History of sangano Chebasa: gore dzidzo, chizenga, rumbo, mibayiro. Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization

Nhasi, dzakawanda kufarira anotanga kuti nhoroondo USSR. Mumwe ari kuedza kuwana zvisina pfungwa, vamwe zvakanaka mariri. Munyaya ino tichataura nezvenhoroondo Pioneer sangano, icho nhasi kunokonzera vaitirane nharo pamusoro. Kunyanya kana pane mibvunzo, zvokuita nevana kana sei vemazuva ano yakura saka ratyama. The Mwero iyo sangano zvave zvichibatsira kana kukuvadza, matauriro haangakoni, Zvakawanikwa izvi kuita voga.

Kwakatangira Chebasa rwokufamba

Chakatishamisa midzi ichi raiita evasingatombonamati yechiKomonisiti kufamba adzokere scouting. vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti muna 1917 zvakawanda vana Scout sangano rakaumbwa muna Russia. Kazhinji, sangano akanga akapoteredza 50,000 kuvashanu. Pausiku ari Civil War vasori anopa dzakasiyana-siyana evanhu rubatsiro, vaiva varongi pakati anopamba vana, uye akarongeka kutsvaka mumugwagwa vana.

Kana akauya simba hurumende yeSoviet, kuti Scout sangano vakatanga dziparare ari kumativi zvichienderana nzvimbo nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, muna Kazan uye Petrograd akazviratidza sangano "hama Forest", uye Moscow voruzhinji akavaka pamusoro nenhungamiro Baden-Powell. Uyewo yakabuda panguva "yukizm" t. E. "Vakomonisiti Young". Vakaedza wokubatanidza pfungwa yoMushandirapamwe pamwe mirawu scouting. Yukistov muvambi racho raiva wamambo bato Vera Bonch-Bruevich. Asi muna 1919 akasarudza kuiparadza ose Scout mapoka ari Congress of Koshanda.

Bayirai Krupskaya

Kubva nguva uyu kunotanga nyaya sangano hwoupiyona muchimiro nayo rakayeukwa. Saka, pashure nokurambidzwa zviri Scout mauto akatanga kubatwa nokudisisa kushaya masangano anoshanda nevana. First akagadzira pfungwa N. K. Krupskaya, achitaura November 1921 mushumo, yainzi "On mukomana-scoutisme". Nokukurumidza pashure Kutaura ichi yakabudiswa kabhuku duku, izvo akataura kuti zvinokosha nekukurumidza kusika sangano chevana, iyo yaizova "Scouting chimiro mukomiyunisiti mu kugutsikana."

vatungamiriri Koshanda First, paakaziva isakarurama scouting, vakaita nokungwarira kuti pfungwa. Pashure pezvose, kubatana kuhondo sangano, vana, chokwadi, vakachengetedza tsika, tsika ichiri pasi tsars, vakakoniwa asi kukonzera kunetseka. Zvisinei, kuti zvose zvakachinja apo komiti chaiyo rakaumbwa mushure kutaura Krupskaya. It I. Zhukov akapa mushumo yake, yakanga kufarira nhengo Bureau. Pakarepo zvichangoitika chakatanga kukurukura kwesangano divi zvinhu.

Pakutanga 1922, Komisheni akaita panyaya nokuda kwebasa iri masangano Scout vana, pane nhengo Koshanda, sezvo pfungwa pakutanga. Panguva iyoyowo, I. Zhukov pfungwa anodana sangano idzva, "Pioneer". zita chairo kuti chikwereti kubva Seton-Thompson. Mukuwedzera, sangano Chebasa zvikuru akatora scouting. Somuenzaniso, mutambo sokudzidzisa, sangano varayirwa, utariri vana tichibatsirwa mazano, dzekuvamba okufananidzira, mari nuotio. Kunyange Mashoko ose "Gadzirira!" Ko yepakutanga.

Boka rokutanga

February 2, 1922 danho rinotevera kukura yesangano Chebasa chakaitwa. Zuva iroro, mune Regional nzvimbo vakanga vatumira tsamba kubva Central Committee of Bureau ari pakagadzwa boka chevana panguva Koshanda muchitokisi. On February 4, zvakanga akasikwa hofisi chaiyo, izvo zvinosanganisira Valery Zorin, aimbova Scoutmaster. Ndiye akaronga muboka February 12 vana yokutanga muna rimwe chebhodhin'i zvikoro Zamoskvorechye. The yokuzviparadzanisa akanzi "Scouts Young", asi haana kugara kwenguva refu. Uye nokukurumidza Zorin akasimudza sangano vana panguva chirimwa "Rubber".

In kufanana Zorin Ndakatanga kushanda chete mirayiridzo Mikhail Stremyakov, mumwe Scoutmaster. Vakaronga boka kurovedza fekitari chikoro pana aimbova kudhinda Mashistova. Kazhinji boka chevana inonzi yokutanga Pioneer yokuzviparadzanisa. Uyewo April, iri kutanga kubuda, "Drum", magazini piyona wokutanga, uye ipapo "chokwadi Pioneer".

March 2, akasikwa Office vemapoka vana, basa kushanda kunze usingaperi. Vaiona ndokugamuchirwa, akanga ari II All-Russian Conference of Koshanda 19 May. Day sangano Chebasa - kuti gare gare pane pamusi uyu kuziviswa. The Conference kwete chete vakabvumirana pamusoro bumbiro, asi akasarudza kutanga masangano Pioneer ubiquitous. Pashure kuti hwakagadzwa unokosha Bureau kushanda nevana, izvo zvaisanganisira vanhu vanomwe. Pakati pavo paiva Ivan Zhukov uye Krupskaya, somunhu Muoni kubva mubato, uye Lunacharsky somunhu Muoni kubva Hurumende.

Nevakawanda kupararira uye kusarudza zita

Kubvira kutanga kuumba mapoka yokupayona munyika. Panguva iyoyo nayo asiwo uye pave kupayona zviratidzo. Maiva muna 1922, zvakanyorwa mashoko rimwe yakakurumbira piyona nziyo - "kubhururuka omoto Blue nousiku". In Petrograd, boka rokutanga zvevana akazviratidza chete musi December 3. Zvakava Komsomolets murongi Sergei Margot. Mana mapoka kupayona vakasikwa kubva Russian boka duku vasori.

Muna October, unotevera Congress of Koshanda kwakasarudzwa kubatanidza zvose mapoka piyona kuva sangano chete, iyo paakavapa musoro "Young Pioneers anonzi Spartacus." Pazuva Lenin afa, sangano akapiwa zita mutungamiri. rinokosha chisarudzo wakabudiswa muna 1926, iyo yakaratidza idzva sangano zita vana kuti riparare kusvikira mazuva okupedzisira ivepo. Zvaiita Sokuti "All-Union Pioneer Organization navo. V. I. Lenina ".

Mapiyona panguva WWII

Gore sangano Education Pioneer aiva gore mavambo enguva itsva muupenyu nevana vakawanda. Pashure 1922 kwaiva kuva piyona sezvo unokudzwa kuva nhengo Koshanda. Uye kupinda Koshanda, vasina Mapiyona, uye gare gare akava zvisingaiti.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, kupayona sangano rava vasingasiyani kubva evanhu upenyu nyika. Hazvishamisi, panguva inotyisa dambudziko anenge rawira yose Soviet Union, hazvina kuramba pakachengeteka ichimirira.

Sezvo kuziviswa mapiyona kwehondo mangwanani kumativi kuedza kufambirana vakuru uye kubatsira kurwisa muvengi, kwete chete neshure, asiwo pamberi. Vana vakawanda akabatana pachivande uye partisans. Mapiyona vakava muchikepe vakomana ngarava muchiuto, vashori, vakabatsira kuvanzirana masoja muvengi vakuvara, vakauya zvokudya kuna guerrillas, akavanda musango. Vana vari kashoma ainyepa, saka zvaiva nyore kuti kubudikidza yakawanda mapoka kana kuti awane mashoko akavanzika.

Zvisinei, kwete nguva dzose revarwi chinangwa rakaguma nevana vakachengetwa. Saka, akanga paakanga afa paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union vana - Zina Portnov, Lenya Golikov, Valya zvisimbiso Vanya Kasei.

Pashure pehondo, zvose mazita vakafa vana apinda yebasa mazita avo vakagamuchira musoro piyona magamba.

The post-hondo Danho

Yesangano iri piyona yepashure pehondo sezvo zvakaoma, sezvo nhoroondo yose. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti adzorere kuparadzwa, uye paiva kukosha kunyange mwana kutarisirwa. vana Urban kuunganidza chinyorwa simbi uye tsvina bepa, vaiita chakasimwa greenery. On piyona mumaruwa mapoka avete kwakaoma zvikuru basa - akakura dzinovaraidza diki, zvakadai shiri netsuro. The zvakanakisisa majaya vashandi with akarayira siyana. Vana kutora chikamu mukukohwa, akaenda kunoshanda panguva chirimwa. Kazhinji, kwose haana kukwana maoko, akatora basa remapiyona. A kuwanda varume utano vakaurayiwa muhondo, saka zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kuramba chero rubatsiro. Kunyanya vana Achiziva kudiwa, vakashanda pamwe chete vakuru, achiedza chinhu havasi bvumidza.

Zvino sokunge zvisina, asi panguva mapiyona pachavo aizobatsira. Hapana vakasundira vana kushanda. Vazhinji pachavo vakasimudza basa rakaoma.

ramangwana makore

Muna 1953, mapiyona Soviet Union kwava kunzi. Pashure Stalin afa, vakawanda aida mukwanisi zita resangano. Uye kana All-Union Pioneer Organization isati chete Lenin, asi ikozvino takaitwa vaitaura kuwedzera pano ichangobva kufa mutungamiri. Zvisinei, mushure nokufumura Stalin unhu Chitendero, nyaya iyi yave kwezvinoshandiswa zvizere, uye sangano haina zita.

Kubvira 1955, pakava tsika kuti mazita avana vakakurumbira mubhuku chaiyo kukudzwa. Muna 1958 akavhiyiwa zvishomanana kuchinja musangano mamiriro. Kutanga gore rino, nhanho nhatu okukura, mwana mumwe nomumwe anopiwa rinokosha bheji wakatangwa. Kuti asvike rakatevera danho, piyona aifanira kubata pane chirongwa nomumwe inokosha. The kupayona basa rose rave revatema kupinda zano kwemakore maviri, yakanga zvainanga imwe pakuvachengeta pakuita kwavo hurongwa-gore nomwe.

Muna 1962, mufananidzo Chebasa bheji chakashanduka - izvozvo akawedzera Lenin kuti profile. Chaiva chiratidzo kuti hurumende anobvuma kwazvo mupiro sangano Chebasa. The chiitiko rainzi Order of Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization for kubudirira mune mugovanisi dzidzo kuyaruka. Vhura nemakore gumi, muna 1972, sangano vana racho kuzodzosera paakavapa chete kumusoro mubayiro.

Panguva ino mapiyona ine vana vanopfuura mamiriyoni 23 munyika Soviet Union.

Kugumiswa kuvapo

Kuchinja yokutanga sangano Chebasa kwave kuchiita nguva kugadzirisa uye kutanga sunungukei zvinhu. Panguva ino I. N. Nikitin, sachigaro Central Union Pioneer Organization, aronga kuchinja kuti kupayona chivako wayo democratization. Uye October 1, 1990 ne 10 Union Pioneer Jamboree, iyo yakaitwa Artek, sangano zvevana Yakazopiwa zita rokuti ITA-SDF (Union mumasangano piyona - Federation of Children kuti Organisations). Sachigaro sangano idzva akagadzwa E. E. Chepurnyh. Zvisinei, kuchinja uye rongedza S.-SDF vakasagona. Chokwadi kuti akanga achiri Central Committee kuti Koshanda. Naizvozvo, hapana shanduko dzinokosha akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze.

Mushure kurambidzwa kubva CPSU akadanidzira muna September 1991, yakaitirwa inoshamisa Congress of Young Communist League, apo zvaitaurwa kunzi nhau basa Koshanda chapera, kuti Koshanda sangano rakanga ichiputswa uye havasisipo uye All-Union Pioneer Organization. Kubva nhasi musi May 19, zuva sangano Chebasa, haasisina vaitirei yezororo. The nyika akasangana kuchinja dzinokosha kuti zvakakonzera pokuwa zhinji ehurumende masangano.

Pashure pomuedzo pokuwa USSR, midziyo yesangano Chebasa dzakatorwa. Zvose Muzinda Pioneers munzvimbo dzakanga vagotendeuka uye akava "Dzimba vana uye kuyaruka." Vazhinji piyona mumisasa yakanga mumaoko private varidzi, uyo akavaita guesthouses uye hostels. chikamu chiduku vavo chete asiya mamiriro mumusasa utano vana.

Ko mapiyona?

The esangano Chebasa agara kubatsira Koshanda uye vakuru. Asi haisati yagara rugare chiito. Mukutanga 30-ies wemapiyona vakasarudza kuunza kurwa vavengi simba yeSoviet. Zvinonzi papi sezvo raiitirwa kuita ose zano zvakanaka kwevanhu, kusanganisira vana. A muenzaniso zvose mapiyona akasarudzwa Pavlik Morozov. Maererano pamutemo shanduro, iye akaudza vakuru ari baba yake, akanga kubatsira kulaks, uye ipapo akauya kuzorwa naye mudare. Panguva iyoyo Pavlik uye baba vake akaurayiwa.

Shure zvikuru nguva ino hondo Anti-Soviet vakagamuchira pfungwa uye mashoko anoparadzirwa.

Zvisinei, mapiyona akanga dzidzo pfungwa kwete chete. Uyewo mune mabasa avo panguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosanganisira:

• Chinyorwa simbi uye tsvina mapepa.
• Kubatanidzwa pakudzokorora ino uye mashoko.
• Kubatanidzwa Katya kufamba.
• Kuitawo All-Union mitambo makwikwi "Leather Ball", "Golden Puck".
• Kuitisa mitambo muchiuto "Stozhatry".
• Team mitambo ane bhora "throwball" uye "mapfuranhunzi".
• Vakapinda panhengo vaduku vabatsiri rwemotokari vaongorori, uyewo youth vakazvipira moto brigades.
• Vaiva vaduku zvakasikwa.
• Akaronga "Green chikwata" (mubasa musango kudzivirira), "Blue chikwata" (mubasa kudzivirira mvura mari).
• Classes mumitambo netsvimbo uye madenderedzwa.
• Achikura imbwa basa uye mabhiza.

Zvinofanira rubvumo

Mapiyona akatora vana 9 kusvika 14 makore. Pamutemo, zvakaitika musi chokuzvidira hwaro. Kugamuchirwa rinoitwa nomumwe, Kuvhota pamusangano mukuru kanzuru Pioneer yokuzviparadzanisa. Akabatana sangano riri mutsetse kutora piyona mhiko, ipapo kachira dzvuku netai uye chinhu piyona kuvake. Kazhinji, mhemberero rakaitirwa munzvimbo wenhoroondo uye echimurenga ndangariro munguva yeutongi vemapato. Somuenzaniso, chidhori Lenin musi 22 April.

mhiko kana mhiko piyona, akanga yaidzorwa rugwaro anodzidza kupinda mwoyo. Munguva Kuvapo sangano kwakabatana mhiko iyi ndivo akatanga nguva mashomanana uye nguva dzose kunoenderana Party. Piyona mhiko akamutumidza zita rangu uye akapika kubatana nokudyidzana sangano piyona, "pamberi mamwe masoja angu," kuda yokumusha kwavo, kuti tirarame maererano Zvinorairwa Lenin, uye kutevedza mitemo yesangano Chebasa.

chata

The Charter Sangano Chebasa, hunonziwo pamurairo mapiyona, zvaifanira kutevedzerwa pasina mubvunzo. Akanga asiri zvikuru refu, uye zviri nyore kuti nemusoro. Maererano mutemo, piyona aifanira:

• Iva chose chiKomonizimu bato uye Motherland.
• Gadzirira kupinda Koshanda.
• Akaenzana magamba basa uye kurwisana.
• Kudza masoja vawa uye takagadzirira kuti ave achidzivirira Motherland.
• Kuva zvomunda basa, mitambo uye zvidzidzo.
• Iva shamwari dzakavimbika uye akatendeseka, uyo nguva dzose anodzivirira chokwadi.
• Kuva gurukota uye shamwari muna October.

chimbo

The anthem sangano piyona sehofisi "March of Young Pioneers." rwiyo urwu Soviet rakanyorwa zvakananga Mapiyona muna 1922. Kufamba vanyori ndivo mudetembi Alexander Zharov uye Pianist Sergei Kaidan-Deshkin. Vamwe akarongwa rwiyo vanoziva kunyange vaya kumbobvira akaita Pioneers. Somuenzaniso, "kubhururuka omoto, mutema usiku. Tiri mapiyona - Vana vashandi "!

Muna May 1922, pashure kutaura Krupskaya pamusangano of Central Committee, akapiwa basa Zharov: kukwira nerwiyo kwemavhiki maviri, izvo zvinogona kuve anthem sangano vana mutsva. Zharov akatsvaka zano D. Furmanov, uyo vamurayira kuvaka pamusoro chero huripo sezvamunoita. Panguva iyoyo vari "Grand Theater" aiva dhanzi "Faust". On mutambo Zharov akanzwa "March nemauto," yakazova hwaro echimurenga zvinyorwa.

Chirevo

Kufanana Pfungwa sangano chero yave kupiwa yavo hunhu. Zviratidzo Organization Pioneer vakadanwa pamusoro vakarayira kuremekedzwa, uyewo vaya ndiani. Izvi zvaisanganisira:

• Pioneer chisungo - mudzidziso piyona nomureza chaifanira kuitwa chikamu fomu. Three mugumo yakasarudzwa sunga zvakasimba kubatana 3 zvizvarwa, t. E. The vaKomonisiti, ipapo nhengo Koshanda, uye ipapo Pioneers. Kusungirira nyaya rinokosha chimwe. The vamiririri kukupfura iri dzvuku netai kwakanga tsvuku rusarura. hondo isati kazhinji chinoguma chisungo vakanochengeta rinokosha Vanthan. Akaurayiwa muchimiro moto, matanda shanu iyo rinoreva makondinendi shanu, uye vatatu mutauro nomurazvo - Third International. Clip kunyangarika akanga yakafanira, chokutanga, pokufa Comintern, uye chepiri kuti rimwe vakuru Central Committee makwapa izvozvo kufanana ne zviratidzo eNazi.
• Icon - zvakanga kunokoshawo chiratidzo masangano yokupayona muchikoro. The chimiro uye chimiro icon vakanga anorondedzerwa chaiyo zvatinopiwa nemasangano nevana. Munhoroondo tsika, vakachinja kanoverengeka.
• Pioneer mureza - raiva dzvuku jira mufananidzo Chebasa bheji uye Mashoko. Mireza havasi mapoka piyona chete, asiwo makirasi chikoro.
• Company mukuru mureza - hunotaurwa kukudzwa uye kubatana vana, kunoratidza kuti chavanopinda vamwe chikwata piyona. With ichi mureza vana kupinda kwakawanda, lineup, mari, nzendo, hikes uye kunyange basa ukama. Nes jira mureza kuti vaitevera gurukota mberi muridzi wengoma uye bugler.
• Horn - pasina ichi hazvibviri vanoti yokupayona upenyu. Chishandiso ichi chinoshandiswa kupa zvakasiyana siyana anonongedzera. Chinzvimbo bugler waikudzwa chaizvo, hazvina basa rinokosha uye nekusimba vakomana. Akafamba pakarepo seri mureza.
• The Drum - mapiyona inokosha rechipiri chiridzwa. Yaidiwa panguva mienzaniso, anofamba uye vaipemberera. Drummer akaimba bara uye kufora, uye akabatsira kuita mukuru boora nzira.

Awards Pioneer Organization

Mapiyona zvaikodzera kuti zvinotevera kusarurana:

• "Million Kumusha" - iri paakavapa kuti mberi kuunganidzwa chinyorwa simbi.
• "Young pathfinder" - yakapiwa kune vaya vaigona kufamba nomunzvimbo dzakaipa.
• Uyezve, kwaiva dzakawanda dzakasiyana mubayiro Medals Badges kuti kuhwina mu siyana dzemitambo.

Mapiyona Soviet Union vaiwanzomugamuchira zvakajairika zvemaoresa uye mibayiro kune vose Soviet vanhu Somuenzaniso, Order of Red Banner. Zvinosuruvarisa munguva yehondo dzakawanda Medals aya paakavapa paakanga afa kuvana.