Nhoroondo Russian Empire: ushe Nicholas 1 (1825-1855)

Europe kuti yakaisvonaka murume pamazuva ake upenyu, iro inokanganikwa pashure rufu - ndiye Nikolai 1. Makore hurumende - zviuru zvisere namazana maviri mashanu kuburikidza masere nemakumi mashanu cheshanu chiuru. Iye pakarepo akava chiratidzo mumaziso dzinoitwa zvetsika uye despotism. Uye pakanga zvikonzero.

Ushe Nicholas 1. muchidimbu nokuberekwa mambo nezveramangwana

Ushe Nicholas I, inoonekwa sezvo nenguva kurega kunotanga, asi panguva imwe chete riri izere pezviri kuzvipokanidza. Ndiwo ichatonga zvine mbiri Russian tsika yacho, asi, Ukuwo, utsinye serfdom. Vanachandagwinyira Codes pamusoro systematization mitemo uye kwete yakafukidzirwa zvemasanga simba. The pakuunganidza dzemarudzi mukurumbira ane hombe uye akashungurudzwa uye utsinye kukundwa vari Crimean War.

Little Nicholas akaberekwa maviri namashanu June, chimwe namazana manomwe namakumi mapfumbamwe rechitanhatu gore uye aiva mwanakomana makore okuva mugari wenhaka Pavel Petrovich wake Maria. Kukwegura Catherine II achiri vakakwanisa mukoti Nikolai muduku, muzukuru wake. Asi iye haana kuronga kubatanidza mugumo waro zvikuru zvinoitwa nehurumende.

Adolescence, dzidzo uye zvaunofarira zviri dzidzo

Zvadaro achiri muchinda zvikuru muduku akanga varongerwa kugamuchira kunodzidziswa zvechiuto. Akanga pakarepo kutsigira kuti vanoitisana of Life Guards chemazana chehondo. Uye pashure imwe nguva, uye Izmailovsky ane yunifomu akatanga akapfeka. ramangwana mambo The akawana dzidzo yepamusoro kumba, wakange ane uto kutsvetera. Asi aiona kusingagutsi.

muperekedzi wake, General Lamzdorf, aiva shure kwazvo murume uye akaramba vaikurovai muduku akasindimara uye akazvimirira Nicholas, uyo makore akazotaura nezvenguva akanga nguva dzose asingadi, sezvinoonekwa paumbwe dzakatsiviwa zvokumanikidzwa. Asi vemauto kuti, nguva dzose chirango yemauto vakada muchinda muduku. It kumbobvira zvakabata nevanhu, asi anonyatsorayiridzwa vaiziva atirari uye aida ouinjiniya ndege.

baba Happy uye musoja muenzaniso wakanaka

Muna eighteen zana uye nemanomwe gore Nicholas aiva murume Princess Charlotte, mwanasikana Mambo Prussia. In Orthodoxy, Alexandra. Zvechokwadi ndakarovha kure nokumusha kwake. Kufadza murume akaronga zvepamusoro Russian hurumende chaiyo Christmas muti wake nokukudzwa.

Nekuti muchato matatu namasere ivo vakaberekerwa vana vanomwe. The Emperor aiva baba vanofara uye uto zvinoshamisa. Asi iye zvakasiyana ukashora maonero vakuru uye picky chaizvo hunhu, saka hazvina nyasha Guard.

Renunciation pamusoro Constantine, kana Rinoonekwa nemitanhatu August

Muzhizha chimwe namazana masere namapfumbamwe Emperor Alexander akazivisa kuti Constantine anoramba kubata, saka hurumende yaitonga anofanira zvaitambidzwa inotevera mukoma, ndiko kuti, Nicholas. August nemitanhatu Third Manifesto zviuru mazana masere namakumi maviri akanga asaina, izvo vakazivisa mugari wenhaka chigaro Nicholas.

Asi akasaina gwaro zvachose akavanzwa uye kwete pachena. Ushe Nicholas 1 yakanga isati yasvika, uye Alexander, nokuti zvimwe nezvikonzero havana kumuisa kuna mabasa ehurumende. Kana zviito izvi akaratidza kuti aigona kuchinja pfungwa dzake, uye zvichida kunyange vaityira kuti zvinoita mamwe masangano anogona kuitwa mune nyasha Nicholas. Saka, Alexander, uye iye haasi kureva pezvingazoitika, Jr. kuisa imwe netsa chinzvimbo.

Sudden rufu uye zvakaipira Manifesto zvakavanzika

Kana mambo akafa zvisingatarisirwi Taganrog, vanotongwa dzakawanda, Chokwadi, kugamuchirwa somunhu dzinozvitonga Constantine. Gavhuna weguta St. Petersburg Count Miloradovich vakasimbirira kuita mhiko yake. Nicholas, kuratidzira kubva Guards mapurisa vaitya, ndokukurumidza kutora mhiko kutanga. The zvinotevera vaiva varindi, neDare, hondo uye vanhu.

Konstantin Pavlovich nekusimbiswa Pakunyora kuramba ari Board uye mhiko kuti Nicholas muna Warsaw, asi muSt Petersburg haana kudzoka. Kuvhiringidzika pachigaro choushe pave interregnum. nguva ino, kuitira kuti vagadzirire kwazvakarerekera, yaingoda nhengo repachivande. Saka vakatanga ushe Nicholas 1.

Pakutanga ushe uye ropa nhoroondo chimurenga

Regumi namaviri December chimwe namazana masere nemakumi maviri namashanu Nikolay Pavlovich anosarudza uye anozivisa pachake mambo. Iye ndokupika vose yepamusoro masangano uye Council of State. Asi zuva rokutanga, iro rakatanga paitonga Nicholas 1, chakaratidza yemuna pachayo pamusoro Seneti Square.

Mambo muduku akakwanisa kuramba akadzikama, uye kana atarisana vapanduki of Life Grenadiers pakati refutenendi Panov pamasuwo ari Winter Palace, uye kana vakakurudzira, akamira pachivara, mupanduki regiments kuteerera. Chinonyanya kushamisa sezvo Kwapera aiti, ndiko kuti akaurayiwa musi iwoyo. Kana Kugombedzera haana vakashanda, mambo aiyangarara yacho atirari. Vapanduki vakakundwa. Decembrists vakabatwa nemhosva, uye vatungamiri vavo akasungirirwa. Sezvo ropa zviitiko rokutonga Nicholas 1 rakatanga.

Muchidimbu Paaipedzisa kutaura Kupanduka ichi, tinogona kutaura kuti zvinosuwisa kuti namana December akasiya kwazvo pfungwa mumoyo wamambo uye kuramba chero vakasununguka pfungwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakawanda munzanga masangano akaramba mabasa avo uye kuvapo, richivafukidza ushe Nicholas 1. tafura rinoratidza zvavo zvinokosha mirayiridzo.

Handsome uye akashinga ane mwoyo wakaoma ziso

Military basa mambo akaita zvakanaka stroevika, yakawanda uye akangwarira. Paitonga Nicholas 1, zvikoro zvakawanda uto akazarurwa. The Emperor akanga akashinga. Panguva iyoyo, akanga asingatye kuenda revanhu iri Haymarket munzvimbo guru korera nemhirizhonga zviuru makumi maviri-wechipiri masere namakumi matatu nerimwe June.

Zvino yaiva Mhedziso heroism - kuenda vakatsamwa, uyo vakatouraya vanachiremba vakanga vachiedza kumubatsira. Asi mambo haana kutya oga, pasina navaranda uye varindi, kuenda izvi kupenga vanhu. Uyezve, akakwanisa munowanyaradza pasi!

Pashure pokutanga Peter Mukuru wacho gavhuna-techie vainzwisisa uye vaikoshesa ruzivo hunoshanda uye dzidzo, razova mambo Nicholas 1. Makore bhodhi chokuita mujinga yakanakisisa unyanzvi Africa, iyo zvevakomana anoramba zvikuru nevanhu.

The chikuru nebudiriro indasitiri mukutonga

The Emperor akashandisa kutaura kuti chimurenga kunyange zvazvo vava kuda wokuRussia wehurumende, asi kwete kuyambuka kusvikira munyika kucharamba woupenyu. Zvisinei, zvakanga yaitonga Nicholas 1 munyika vakatanga nguva mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira chimurenga, vanonzi kwemaindasitiri. In mafekitari zvose remaoko iri zvishoma nezvishoma chikatsiviwa machine.

Mugore masere nemakumi matatu wechina chiuru uye wechishanu makore fekitari Nizhny Tagil, reRussia njanji wokutanga uye locomotive vanatenzi Cherepanovs dzakavakwa. A mana rechitatu pakati St. Petersburg uye Tsarskoye tiiviste nyanzvi ndokuisa wokutanga teregirafu mutsetse. The Volga aiyangarara steamers makuru. Mweya dzazvino zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuchinja pachake mararamiro. Mumaguta makuru, izvi kwakaitika pakutanga.

Mune forties ari namapfumbamwe remakore akauya rokutanga zvokufambisa veruzhinji, yakanga vakapakata yaidhonzwa - stagecoaches gumi kana gumi vanhu, uye omnibuses, zvakanga zvakawanda wakapamhama. vagari Russian vakatanga kushandisa epamba machisi, uye akatanga kunwa tii pamwe shuga bhiti, yakanga ichitongwa zvinhu kare chete.

Wekutanga ndokusvika pachena mabhanga uye exchanges kuti maindasitiri uye zvirimwa Wholesale. Kunyange mune ukuru uye simba simba yakava Russian. In ushe Nicholas 1, izvozvo zvakawana muvandudzi mukuru.