Kirghiz SSR: kare, dzidzo, mufananidzo, mureza, photo, munda, guta guru, uto dzakabatana. Frunze, Kirghiz SSR

Kirghiz SSR - mumwe gumi dzaichimbova dzeSoviet. Ndicho akatangira Kyrgyzstan ano. Kufanana napamwe, ichi hurumende sangano aiva pachavo zvachiri chokuita nhoroondo, tsika nemagariro, nzvimbo yomugariro, mamiriro ezvoupfumi uye urudzi vemo. Ngationei zvose chii chinoumba Kirghiz SSR, mamiriro ayo uye nhoroondo.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Chokutanga, ngationei kuti nzvimbo munyika. Kirghiz SSR ari kumaodzanyemba USSR, iri kumabvazuva Central Asian chikamu. Kuchamhembe rinenge bordered nokuda ari Kazakh SSR, kumadokero - pamwe Uzbek SSR, kumaodzanyemba-kumavirira nokumaodzanyemba - pamwe Tajik SSR, kumabvazuva nayo pamuganhu pamwe China. The zvachose nzvimbo zvokuvhoterwa ranyura 200,000 mativi mamita. ? km.

dzidzo ichi paruzhinji havana kuwana kugungwa, uye vazhinji munyika Nzvimbo iri pamakomo. Kunyange intermountain mumipata, akadai Issyk-Kul, Fergana uye Jumgal makomba, uyewo Talas Valley, riri panzvimbo kukwira vanenge 500. pamusoro penyanza revarombo. The chikuru gomo siyana nyika - nyika Tiến-Shan. Gomo rakareba - Peak Pobeda. Nechokumaodzanyemba Kyrgyzstan - the Pamir gomo hurongwa. Pamuganhu pamwe Tajikistan ndiye Lenin yepamusoro.

Kudeuka dura Kyrgyzstan - Issyk-Kul Lake, riri kurutivi rwokumusoro, kumabvazuva.

prehistory

Makarekare pamusoro munharaunda Kyrgyzstan vakararama siyana Indo-European madzinza anongofamba, izvo mukutanga Ages vakanga yakatsiviwa Turkic avanhu. Munguva yeMiddle Ages pano kubva kumaodzanyemba kweSiberia akauya mamwe mapoka Yenisei Kyrgyz, uyo hwakakanyiwa vomunzvimbo, akaumba ano kwemadzinza hunhu renyika uye akapa zita vose. Zvikurukuru zvikuru kutama uku kwakaitika, kubvira XIV remakore.

Kyrgyz aifanira kurwira rusununguko kubva simba Uzbek inoti, kunyanya pamwe Kokand Khanate. vabati varo yakakunda rebei nyika Kyrgyzstan uye muna 1825 wakateya panhare yake - Pishpek (nhasi Bishkek). Nokufamba hondo iyi, muna XIX remakore, mamwe marudzi akabvuma kubatsirwa Russian uye kuchengetedzwa, uye ipapo citizenship. Saka vakava vatsigiri chikuru Kyrgyz Russian kuwedzera muna Central Asia pakati veko.

Mugore 50-60-ies zviri XIX remakore, remangwana kumusoro Kirghiz SSR yakakundwa neDare Russian Empire muna Kokand Khanate. Yokutanga Russian akavakirirwa dzavarwi ipapo akava Przhevalsk (Karakol ano). On nyika kuchamhembe Kyrgyzstan uye kumabvazuva Kazakhstan munharaunda Russian Empire Semirechenskaya ine muzinda muguta Verny (Almaty ano) zvakanzi yakaumbwa muna 1867. Nzvimbo yakakamurwa kupinda mumatunhu mashanu, vaviri iyo - Pishpek (Ch guta Pishpek.) Uye Przewalski (Chapter Karakol guta.) - vaiva Kyrgyz. Pakutanga, Seven Nzizi akanga akaisa inowanzorimwa General Government, asi muna 1898 kuchinjirwa Turkestan dunhu (Turkestan).

Muna 1876, Russia zvachose akakunda Kokand Khanate uye akabatanidza nhengo dzaro dzose munharaunda yayo, kusanganisira kumaodzanyemba Kyrgyzstan. On idzi Ferghana nharaunda muzinda muna Kokand yakatangwa. Iye uye nharaunda Semirechenskaya aiva chikamu Turkestan. Yakakamurwa Fergana nharaunda 5 mumaruwa, mumwe icho - Osh (muzinda - guta Osh), rakanga riri Kyrgyz nyika.

Paumbwe Kirghiz SSR

Chaizvoizvo, kwakabva refu basa paumbwe Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic anogona ave echimurenga zvakaitika 1917. Sezvo pokuchinja, kusvikira nguva apo Kirghiz SSR yakaumbwa, zvakatorera anenge 20 makore.

Muna April 1918, nharaunda Turkestan, kusanganisira vose ano inoti of Central Asia uye kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva Kazakhstan, ivo Bolsheviks akanga asika hombe zvionera repamutemo - the Turkestan zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic, kana Turkestan Soviet Republic, yaiva chikamu RSFSR. nyika Kyrgyz, sezvo chikamu Semirechensk uye Fergana nharaunda, ari mune dzidzo ichi.

Muna 1924, imwe ronga chinzvimbo rakatangwa National delimitation Central Asia, umo Authority akagashira huru ndudzi dzose vaigara Turkestan, kusanganisira Kyrgyz. Semirechensk wemigove uye Fergana nharaunda, uyewo duku nharaunda Syrdarya nharaunda (kuchamhembe aripo Kyrgyzstan), apo unorema chavagari vaiva Kyrgyz, akasikwa kubudikidza Kara-Kyrgyz vadyi wemari kambani wayo muzinda mutaundi Pishpek. Zita iri riri kukonzerwa chokuti apo Kyrgyz ASSR yainzi Kazakhstan ano, sezvo Kazakh tsika youmambo nguva zvisiri inonzi kaysakov-Kirghiz. Zvisinei, muna May 1925 nharaunda Kyrgyzstan yakazozivikanwa seshanduro Kyrgyz JSC kubva Kazakhstan akawana zita Kazakh ASSR, uye kuvhiringidzika vave kusangana. Kuzvionera zvakananga chikamu RSFSR, uye akanga asiri chete zvokuvhoterwa Soviet.

Muna February 1926, pakanga mumwe kuchinja administrative - Kyrgyz JSC akava Kirgiz zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic mukati RSFSR, izvo anopa zvakawanda okuzadzisa kodzero kuzvionera. Zvegore, muzinda mukuru Kirghiz SSR Pishpek akachinja zita rayo kuguta Frunze, pashure akakurumbira dzvuku mutungamiri munguva Civil War.

Pashure pemakore 10, muna 1936, Kyrgyz ASSR akanga risingabatanidzwi RSFSR, uyewo mamwe chinoda Central Asia, uye akava Musoro Soviet Union dzakazara. Pakave dhigirii of Kirghiz SSR.

Republican Chirevo

Sezvo neimwe zvokuvhoterwa Soviet, muna Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic yakanga pachake zviratidzo zvayo, iro raiva mureza, chiratidzo uye chimbo.

Flag of Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic aimbova munhu zvachose dzvuku mureza, uko yeyero chinogumbura tsamba yakanga yakanyorwa zita Republic muna Kyrgyz uye Russian. Muna 1952, pakuonekwa mureza rakachinjwa substantially. Zvino pakati dzvuku jira wakaitwa kwazvo mutema bhendi, izvo, akavapindurawo, munzvimbo mbiri dzakaenzana kumativi vakagoverana chena. In rokumusoro rworuboshwe kukona sando uye jeko uye shanu-rwakavakwa nyeredzi vanoratidzwa. Labels All vabviswa. Saka mureza wenyika Kirghiz SSR yakaramba kusvikira pokuwa nyika yeSoviet.

Hymn reRepublic yaiva rwiyo mashoko Sydykbekova, Tokombaeva, Malikova, Tokobaev uye Abayldaeva. Music zvakanyorwa Maodybaev, Vlasov uye Fere.

Chiratidzo Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic rakagamuchirwa muna 1937 uye aiva mufananidzo ematongerwo mudenderedzwa pamwe chishongo. The nguvo maoko zvinoratidza makomo, zuva, nzeve yegorosi uye donje mapazi, wakarukwa tsvuku Ribbon. Coat kwezvombo surmounted noruoko shanu-wakananga nyeredzi. Nawo akakandwa pamusoro tepi pamwe akanyorwa "Vashandi kunyika dzose, vanobatana!" In Kyrgyz uye mitauro Russian. Pazasi nguvo maoko Mashoko emhosva pamwe zita Republic mumutauro renyika.

administrative kupesana

1938 asati, Kyrgyzstan yakakamurwa dzikava 47 maruwa. Zvakakura administrative zvidzidzo panguva iyoyo akanga asina kwayo sezvamunoita. Muna 1938, nzvimbo Kirghiz SSR vakabatana mumaruwa mana: Issyk-Kul, Tian Shan, Kandero-Abad uye Osh. Asi dzimwe nzvimbo dzakanga dzisina omurume wedunhu, uye Republican.

Muna 1939, maruwa zvose vagamuchira chinzvimbo nzvimbo, uye idzi kuti hauna muruwa kuzviisa pasi, vakabatana Frunze nharaunda yayo pakati muguta Frunze. Kirghiz SSR aifanira ikozvino umbwa nzvimbo shanu.

Muna 1944 akanga dzinounzwa Talas nharaunda, asi muna 1956 kwakanga ichiputswa. Dzimwe nzvimbo Kyrgyz SSR, kunze Osh, vakanga aparadza kubva 1959 kusvika 1962. Saka, Republic raiva chete nharaunda, uye munzvimbo dzakanga zvisiri zvakanga omurume Republic zvakananga.

Mumakore akatevera, nzvimbo anomutswa, itsva kuregwa. Panguva kuparara Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan yaiumbwa matanhatu munzvimbo: Chui (yaimbonzi Frunze), Osh, Naryn (aimbova Tiến Shan), Talas, Issyk-Kul uye Kandero-Abad.

utariri

The chaiwo kurapa Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic kusvikira October 1990 raiva mumaoko Communist Party pakati Kyrgyzstan, izvo zvaizoitawo kuteerera Communist Party. The mukuru muviri sangano aiva Central Committee. Tinogona kutaura kuti First Munyori Central Committee aiva of facto mutungamiriri Kyrgyzstan, kunyange pamutemo hazvina kudaro.

The mukuru zvemitemo nesangano Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic panguva yaiva muviri dzeparamende - Mukuru Council, iro raiva chete kamuri. Akanga achienda kwemazuva mashomanana gore, somunhu amire muviri Presidium aiva.

Muna 1990, hofisi President wakatangwa muna KirSSR, vane sarudzo akatora nzvimbo zvakananga vhoti. President kubvira iyoyo akava mukuru mukuru uye of facto musoro Kyrgyzstan.

guta

Frunze City - guta guru Kirghiz SSR. Saka munyika kuvapo Soviet Republic.

Frunze, sezvambotaurwa, rakaumbwa muna 1825 sechinhu boka ravarwi Khanate pakati Kokand, uye akanga chepakutanga zita Pishpek ari. In pakurwisana Khanate wenhare yakaparadzwa nemauto Russian, asi pashure penguva kwakaonekwa yokugara itsva. Kubvira 1878, guta riri muzinda Pishpek County.

Kubvira 1924, apo paiva National delimitation Central marudzi Asian, Pishpek rave makanga guta chikuru Kara-Kyrgyz zvionera JSC Kyrgyz uye Kyrgyz ASSR.

Muna 1926, guta akapiwa zita idzva - Frunze. Kirghiz SSR kumarudzi ivepo kubva 1936 kusvika 1991 raiva guta guru raiva pasi zita iri. Pishpek Yakazopiwa zita rokuti mukukudza yakakurumbira mutungamiri Mikhail Frunze Red Army, iyo, kunyange yaiva Moldavian nyika asi akaberekwa guta rino Central Asian.

Sezvo ini ataurwa pamusoro apa, sezvo 1936 Frunze - guta guru Kirghiz SSR. Panguva kwemaindasitiri muSoviet Union pane dzinovakwa mafekitari makuru uye nevemabhizimisi. Guta kuramba kuitwa akavandudzika. More uye vakanaka vakava Frunze. Kirghiz SSR aigona kudada guru kwakadaro. Pakazosvika mangwanani 90 kuti vagari Frunze kusvika 620 zviuru. Man.

Muna February 1991, Dare Soviet of Kirghiz SSR yakasarudza rename guta Bishkek, izvo hwaienzanirana rudzi muchimiro zita rayo munhoroondo.

Kyrgyzstan guta

Maguta zvikuru pamusoro Kyrgyz SSR, pashure Frunze - Osh, Kandero-Abad, Karakol (Karakol ano). Asi ane mubatanidzwa zvose zvinodiwa, nhamba vagere mumisha izvi zvakanga zvisina kudaro zvikuru. Kuwanda vanogara munyika kupfuura maguta aya - Osh, haana kusvika kusvika 220 zviuru, apo vamwe vaviri vakanga kunyange asingasviki zviuru 100.

Kazhinji, asi Kirghiz SSR akaramba mumwe wavaduku urbanized chinoda of USSR, saka vokumaruwa vakakunda pano pamusoro nhamba dzomumaguta vanogarapo. Izvi zvinhu zvikaramba nhasi.

Upfumi Kirghiz SSR

Saizvozvowo, nhamba yevanhu nokuparadzirwa, upfumi Kyrgyz SSR vaipfeka agro-maindasitiri hunhu.

The hwaro wokurima waiva mhuka minda. Kunyanya, chinonyanya dzakabudirira makwai. At refu pamwero raiva kukura bhiza maberekero uye mombe maberekero.

Chirimwa Kugadzirwa uyewo ane nzvimbo aitungamirira chinzvimbo National upfumi. Fodya vachengeti, zviyo, zvokudya, zvirimwa zvinokosha-mafuta, mbatatisi uye donje kunyanya nomukurumbira Kirghiz SSR. Photo Kukohwa donje mune rimwe mapurazi reRepublic riri pazasi.

Industrial mirayiridzo akaratidzwa kunyanya migodhi (marasha, mafuta, gasi), zvokuimba engineering, chiedza uye Whitehead Textile Mazinga.

zvidzidzo muchiuto

Munguva Soviet, dzakabatana zvechiuto muna Kirghiz SSR yaiva zvakarurama batana pajira riya. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti dzakati vakawanda kumatunhu, uyewo rinokosha geopolitical nzvimbo munyika. Kudivi rimwe, Kyrgyzstan aiva pedyo Afghanistan uye dzimwe nyika dziri kuMiddle East, apo Soviet Union yakanga zvarwo. Ukuwo, nyika bordered ne China, uyo Soviet Union mumazuva iwayo aiva tsvarakadenga kuoma ukama, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange wakapfuurira yokurwisana nezvombo, kunyange zvazvo asina vakauya kuvhura hondo. Naizvozvo, nomuganhu China inongogara zvichiwedzera zvakawedzera pamberi nemauto eSoviet.

Zvinokosha, asi inozivikanwa Ukrainian wetsiva Vitali Klitschko uye wezvematongerwo enyika akaberekwa mundima Kyrgyz SSR muna Belovodskoe musha apo baba vake, uyo aiva nyanzvi musoja, waiitwa imomo basa.

Kana yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora nyaya kunyange mberi, tinogona kuona kuti munguva Great Patriotic War muna 1941 pamusoro munharaunda Kyrgyz SSR vatatu vamabhiza mapoka dzakaumbwa.

Kubviswa pakati Kyrgyz SSR

Mukupera 80-ies muna USSR inguva yokuti kuchinja, vakatora zita perestroika. Vanhu Soviet Union rwakaona chinokosha easing mune zvematongerwo nemashoko, izvo, akavapindurawo, kwete chete akauya democratization munzanga, asi yakatanga Centrifugal yokuda. Hadzigari parutivi uye Kyrgyzstan.

President - In October 1990, idzva yepamutemo romukova wakatangwa munyika. Uye musoro Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic kusarudzwa zvakananga vhoti. Election kukunda yakahwina haana First Munyori Communist Party pakati Kyrgyzstan Absamat Masaliev, uye mumiririri Reform sangano, Askar Akayev. Izvi zvairatidza kuti vanhu vari kuda kuchinja. Not mudukusa basa izvi reDare vanonzi "Osh vauraye" - ropa kunetsana yakaitika Muzhizha ra1990 muguta Osh pakati Kyrgyz uye Uzbeks. Uyu pamwero mukuru vasanyanya nzvimbo rechiKomonisiti vepamusoro.

December 15, 1990 vakatanga Declaration pamusoro mamiriro uchangamire Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, izvo vakazivisa ukuru mitemo yenyika yose-mubatanidzwa.

February 5, 1991, Dare Council of Kyrgyzstan chisarudzo kuti rename kuti Kyrgyz SSR muRepublic of Kyrgyzstan. Pashure zviitiko August kubvuta masimba Askar Akayev pachena mhosva akaedza kubvuta masimba nhengo Emergency Committee, uye musi 31 Nyamavhuvhu Kyrgyzstan vakazivisa kushaya wayo kubva USSR.

Saka akagumisa nyaya Kirghiz SSR, uye vakatanga nhoroondo idzva nyika - Republic of Kyrgyzstan.