The kukundwa of Spanish armáda: nzvimbo, musi, kubvisa hondo

Armáda ane guru remauto nezvikepe, makasimbiswa kuSpain. Chaiva ngarava vanenge 130.. The flotilla rakanyorwa muna 1586-1588 gg. Ngatimboongororai mamwe gore chii chakaitika pokukundwa Spanish armáda. About ichi akazotevera munyaya.

chinangwa

Tisati tataura pamusoro nei uye apo paiva kukundwa of Spanish armáda, vanofanira kutsanangura mamiriro ezvinhu zvakaitika panguva. Kwemakore, Chirungu privateers yakanyura uye vakapamba ngarava Spanish. Izvi vakauya nyika yakakura varasikirwa. Saka, muna 1582 yokutanga Spain kutambura kurasikirwa inopfuura $ mamiriyoni 1.9 ducats. Chimwe chikonzero nei akanga asarudza kusika neboka rengarava, aiva kutsigirwa Dutch rokumukira Elizabeth I - Mambokadzi England. Philip II - woumambo Spain - aiona basa rangu kubatsira Chirungu vaKaturike, uyo akarwa nevaPurotesitendi. Panyaya iyi, iyo flotilla zvikepe, wakapindwa anenge 180 nevafundisi. Uyezve, munguva imwe muchiuto vengarava uye anofanira masoja hazvo kureurura uye nechirairo. Avo chikamu, vapanduki vaitarisira kuti ndiwane British. Vaifunga kuti vaigona kuputsa Spanish anotambura kutengeserana World Itsva, uyewo kuparadzira muEurope, pfungwa dzechiPurotesitendi. Saka, mativi vakava vavo kufarira chiitiko.

rutsigiro urongwa

Mambo Spain akarayira rengarava kutaura Chirungu Channel. Ikoko kwaiva kubatanidza ane 30-zviuru hondo Duke pakati Parma. Mauto akanga iri Flanders. Aibatanidza mauto vaifanira nomunyika Chirungu Channel kusvika County pamusoro zimbabwe. Pashure paizvozvo aifanira pfuura London. King Spanish aitarisira kuti vaKaturike kusiya Elizabeth uye vapandukewo. Zvisinei, urongwa ichi haina zvizere akafunga kunze. Mariri, zvikurukuru, hakuna zvakurukurwa mvura shoma, izvo haana kubvumira chikepe akaenda kumahombekombe, kutora mungarava hondo Duke. Kuwedzera kune izvi, vanhu vokuSpain haana kufunga simba British rengarava. Uye, chokwadi, Philip vaisagona kunyange pfungwa kuti pokukundwa Spanish armáda zviitike.

murayiro

Armáda akagadzwa musoro Alvaro De Bazan. Iye anonzi yakanakisisa Spanish Admiral. Ndiye initiator uye murongi flotilla. Sezvakakurukurwa munyaya akazotevera vomuzuva, kana akatungamirira ngarava, izvozvo akasatendera pokukundwa Spanish armáda. Zvisinei, gore 1588 vakasuwa akava rokupedzisira muupenyu Admiral. Akafa ari 63 fung gore, mberi zvikepe pagungwa. Asi, akanga akagadzwa Alonso Perez de Guzmán. Akanga asiri ruzivo aidzidzisa, asi ane unyanzvi hunoshamisa hwesangano. Ivo akamutendera kuti nokukurumidza kuwana mutauro nevakawanda vane ruzivo vakuru. Nemhaka zvavo pamwe nokuedza nezvikepe simba akasikwa, yakanga vakapakata zvokudya uye vakagadzirira nezvose zvakakodzera. Uyezve, murayiro dzakabudirira ezvinhu anonongedzera, varayirwa uye hurongwa rokurwa, zvakajairika nemakambani masimba ose.

Zvakakurukurwa sangano

Senzira armáda akanga ngarava anenge 130, 30.5 zviuru. People, 2430 pfuti. Huru simba yakakamurwa kupinda squadrons nhanhatu:

1. "Castilla".
2. "Portugal".
3. "Biscay".
4. "Gipuzkoa".
5. "Andalusia".
6. "Levant".

The armáda zvakare zvaisanganisira mana Neapolitan galleass uye zvakafanana uwandu Portuguese ngarava. Uyezve, sezvo chikamu flotilla rakanga vazhinji ubanguranyika zvikepe kuti mutumwa basa uye zvokushandisa. Zvokudya zvinosanganisira mamiriyoni mabhisikiti, 400 zviuru. Pounds mupunga, 600 zviuru. Pounds corned nyama uye hove munyu, 40 zviuru. Marita mafuta, 14 zviuru. Zvirongo newaini, 6 Th. Bean mabhegi, 300 zviuru. Pounds ose chizi. Kubva zvombo ngarava varipo 124 zviuru. Kernels 500 zviuru. Propellant mutariri.

Tanga danidziro

Kubva Lisbon chiteshi mumwe flotilla akauya pamusoro May 29, 1588 gore. Zvisinei, nenzira kwayo akabata dutu kuti akadzinga zvikepe kuna La coruna - chengarava riri kuchamhembe-kumadokero Spain. Ikoko, vafambisi vaifanira tiite kugadzirisa midziyo muzadze chikafu mumatanda. Mukuru flotilla rakanga kushaikwa hanya zvirwere mbuva uye dzavo vengarava. Panyaya iyi, akanyora pachena kuna Firipi, kuti kusava nechokwadi zviri kubudirira mushandirapamwe. Zvisinei, namambo vakasimbirira kuti Admiral vanotevera akafanorongerwa kosi uye kwete tsaukai urongwa. Mwedzi miviri pashure mudziyo muna Lisbon kuti chengarava, kuti flotilla kusvika Chirungu Channel.

Akadzima musangano pamwe Duke pamusoro Parma

Flotilla Admiral Philip akatevera zvirevo zvakajeka uye akatuma nezvikepe pamahombekombe kutora mauto. Kumirira mhinduro kubva Duke Mutungamiriri armáda akarayira kuti anchor the pedyo Calais. Izvi zvakanga pangozi chaizvo, chii chakanga waswedera kuBritish. Usiku ihwohwo vakatumira chiSpanish zvikepe nomoto 8 zvikepe pamwe zvinoputika uye zvinobata moto zvokuvakisa. vakuru Most wakatanga kutapudza tambo uye zvakaoma akaedza kutiza. Gare gare imwe mhepo simba uye simba kuitika vakatakura vokuSpain kuchamhembe. Dzokera kune Duke pamusoro Parma, vakasagona. Zuva rakatevera pakanga hondo kusarudza zvokuita.

Place uye waichengetwa kukundwa of Spanish armáda

The flotilla vakakundwa Anglo-Dutch maneuverable chiedza ngarava. Vanorayirwa naCharles Howard. Mune Chirungu Channel, paiva nehondo dzakawanda, izvo yakaguma hondo Gravelinskoe. Saka, gore chii chaiva kukundwa of Spanish armáda? The flotilla raiva pfupi. Iye vakakundwa mugore iroro, iro rakatanga chirongwa - muna 1588. Hondo pagungwa yevhiki mbiri. zvikepe Spanish kukwanisa vaironga kuunganazve. Kudhumhana nezvikepe muvengi vaiva chokwadi chaizvo. kuomerwa Great kusika mhepo dzichichinja. Kusanzwisisana Major kwakaitika Harare Bill, Start Point, Isle of Wight. Muhondo vanhu vokuSpain vakarasika vanenge 7 ngarava. The yokupedzisira kukundwa of Spanish armáda kwakaitika pa Calais. Kusiya zvimwe kubvuta chakaita Admiral zvikepe kuchamhembe, kuburikidza Atlantic pamhenderekedzo Western Ireland. At muvengi chete ngarava vakamutevera chinhambwe, kutamira achitevedza kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo England.

Kudzokera Spain

Zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo. Mushure hondo, ngarava dzakawanda vakanga vatsanangura kukuvaradzwa uye nepaburi kuchengeta yerera. Pedyo kuchamhembe-kumadokero kwemhenderekedzo Ireland rengarava yakarova rwemavhiki maviri dutu. Vakawanda zvikepe panguva payo yakadonha pamusoro pamatombo kana asipo. Pakupedzisira, musi waSeptember 23rd muedzo wokutanga pashure refu madzungairiro asvika kuchamhembe kweSpain. Back musha waiva chete 60, uye ngarava. Vakakuvadzwa vakanga zvinofungidzirwa kubva 1/3 kusvika 3/4 mukuwanda zvikwata. A kuwanda vanhu vakafa maronda avo uye zvirwere, vazhinji vakanyura. Kunyange vaya vakakwanisa kudzokera kumusha, potse nenzara, sezvo zvose mumatanda zvokudya vakanga kwezvinoshandiswa. Mumwe zvikepe vakamhanya kukandirwa muna Laredo, nekuti vafambisi vakanga vasina simba kuti kunyange kudzikisa maseiri uye kuti anchor the.

ukoshi

Nokurasikirwa Large akauya kukundwa of Spanish armáda. Musi kana chiitiko chakaitika, nokusingaperi vari munhoroondo nyika sezvo zvikuru dzakaipisisa. Zvisinei, kukundwa haana kutungamirira pakarepo donhwe Spanish simba pagungwa. Makore 90 remakore rechi16 rose vanoonekwa ne zvikuru kubudirira rutsigiro. Saka, kuedza British kupinda Spanish armáda pamusoro pemvura ake unorema kukundwa. Hondo kwakaitika muna 1589-m. 2 Kwapera makore zvikepe Spanish akakunda yeBritain muAtlantic Ocean muna hondo dzakawanda. kukunda zvose izvi, zvisinei, akanga asingakwanisi kuripa nokuda nokurasikirwa vakauya nyika pokukundwa Spanish armáda. Spain akadzidza chidzidzo chinokosha chaizvo pachedu kubva ichi kundikana pamushandirapamwe. Zvadaro, nyika akasiya zveufende uye inorema nemidziyo muchifarira vakareruka zvikepe vakapakata kumberi zvombo.

mhedziso

The kukundwa of Spanish armáda (1588) vigai tariro zvose nokuda kudzorerwa echiKaturike England. Nezvokupindira munyika imwe dhigirii kana mumwe muSpain kuti yokumwe mutemo mabasa aigona kunzi. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi zvaireva kuti chinzvimbo waFiripi muNetherlands achaita kuderera zvikuru. Kana England, tevere kukundwa yake Spanish rengarava raiva danho rokutanga kuti awane kutonga pamusoro pegungwa. Nokuti maProtestenti, chiitiko ichi chakaratidza kuguma pakuwedzera Habsburg Empire uye kwakapararira kufambiswa yeRoma. In meso avo, kwaiva kuratidzwa kwaMwari. Vanhu vazhinji vakararama panguva iyoyo vechechi Europe, vaidavira kuti chete kupindira vokudenga akabatsira kutsungirira flotilla, iyo, sezvo mumwe vaairarama akati, mhepo zvakaoma kutakura, uye gungwa iri vachigomera pasi kwayo uremu.