State vanhuwo zvavo muRussia

State vanhuwo zvavo - iri kirasi chaiyo yakabuda muRussia muzana remakore rechi18. Akabatanidzwa Mapato matatu vakasununguka Vagari vomumusha. First vaiva varimi chernososhnye. Vakanga vagara vari "munyika yevatema amambo." chikamu chechipiri chaiva "zvoupfumi" vanhuwo zvavo. vanhu ava kugarwa wemamongi ndima. Muchikwata wechitatu ndiyo freeholders. Vakanga vaionekwa vazukuru kushumira vanhu pakazara muzana remakore rechi16 nomuganhu wokumaodzanyemba Muscovite Russia, izvo anokudzwa pfuma iri transformations hwaPetro haana Logged mu. In dzinoverengeka enyika (mu Voronezh, Kursk, Orel, Tambov) freeholders vakaumba ruzhinji vomunzvimbo.

State vanhuwo zvavo seboka pakutanga ushe Nicholas chakaita kuti vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni gumi. Kubva pamazuva Moscow Russia kubvira mukirasi iyi yakaramba rusununguko kwete chete, asiwo hurumende. State vanhuwo zvavo kuti koporo chirango haina pasi.

Maererano nedzimwe venhoroondo, kirasi iyi zvakanga kunyanya kunze Great. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi. Kunyange nechepakati kwenyika vaiva hurumende miduku yokuruwa vanhu kupfuura kumadokero munharaunda. Panguva chinyorwa paMitemo yose 1830, yakanga chikuru kana mukanyiwa yose vokuparidzira ari matatu nematanhatu enyika European chikamu ehurumende uye kuSiberia. Raiva kirasi kupfuura vakawanda wokuRussia munzanga panguva.

State vanhuwo zvavo vakanga kodzero vakasununguka kuchinjwa kubva imwe chechi mumwe, kubva kudunhu mumwe, kubva County kusvikira County. Panyaya iyi, kwemahofisi kubva ndima imwe iri kazhinji anokurudzirwa nehurumende. State vanhuwo zvavo vaiva kuzoshanda (sezvo rose nzanga, uyewo yoga) kupinda zvibvumirano zvibvumirwano nevanhu. Vaikwanisa kuutengawo pfuma (chinjwa kana usingazungunuke), kuti ive rubatso. Pashure racho muna 1801, December 12, chaiyo chirevo, Hurumende inofanira kusimbiswa kuti vanhuwo zvavo (sezvo zviduku bourgeoisie uye zvomutengesi) pakuunganidza private munyika muridzi.

Nepo vakuru vakanga muuranda rechiuto uye rusununguko kunyanyisa rusununguko, yakaumbwa "kuchamuka rechitatu". Ake kukasawedzerwa nevamiririri venyika mamiriro miduku yokuruwa, pamwe maindasitiri uye navatengesi. Kirasi kupfuura yakawanda ehurumende vaivawo nekodzero kubatana basa pamwero, chikwata, akazaruka mafekitari, handicraft uye maindasitiri establishments, yezvokutengeserana mabhizimisi uye nokuzvichengeta.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva accession kuti chigaro Nicholas, mamiriro vanhuwo zvavo vari mudambudziko. Mutariri mukirasi iyi yevagari dhipatimendi Ushumiri pakati Finance. Tinofanira kufunga kuti muviri uyu aiedza "nepavaigona akadzingwa" ehurumende vanhuwo zvavo napo, kuedza kuti avo nemitero kukwanisa kuti kwete kutora kubva landlords. Jinda romunharaunda iyoyo Kutarisirwa rave zvava vokumaruwa dzinongoitika mabasa, uye zvikuru kwazvo. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti hazvina kungobatsira Varidzi, asiwo pamwero akwanise noupenyu serfdom. Zvisinei vanokudzwa Kutarisirwa kazhinji avanza zvemasanga nyika varidzi, uyo akatsvaka kubatsirwa nokuda zvavo nyika. Kuramba kuderera kwoupfumi mamiriro mamiriro miduku yokuruwa. Panyaya iyi, hurumende dzinounzwa zvinokosha mari yokuzvigadzirisa rayo dzakaonda makore.

Kubva ushe Nicholas nzvimbo mamiriro miduku yokuruwa vakatanga kutsanangura mukuru wehurumende mutemo uye kwete administrative mabasa. Izvi kwaiva pamusana zvikuru basa Speransky kuti streamline mitemo munyika. Zvisinei, mirayiridzo vakawanda paruzhinji chimiro chokutanga akazviratidza.