Russian General Kutepov Aleksandr Pavlovich: A Biography, akashumira White Army, ndangariro

The akakurumbira mutungamiri nevarwi White kufamba Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov akaberekwa September 28, 1882 mune Cherepovets vari mwero uye asazivikanwa wepurovhinzi mukuru. Childhood uye chikoro makore, mukomana akaenda kure kuchamhembe Arkhangelsk. Small mhuri pfuma akadzidzisa Alexander kune vakaderera Spartan upenyu - unyanzvi kuti zvichava inobatsira kwaari yakaoma basa.

makore okutanga

Muna 1902, pashure pokupedza kudzidza girama chikoro Arkhangelsk ramangwana mukuru Kutepov vakapinda iri kuSt Petersburg, Vladimir uto chikoro. ruzivo chesekondari akabvumira jaya kukurira nyore yokungotaura kosi. Zvisinei, akanga ari utera - drill. Kutepov nematambudziko kwese vose vechidiki zvinobatanidzwa muchiuto zvikoro zvavo masangano. Asi pasinei nezvinetso, kusangana naye mutsva nguva youpenyu, Alexander kurarama nezvinetso zvose. Zvakamubatsira kutsunga kusimba nokushingirira, izvo kare muupenyu akura vari kwete akanunura General.

Muna 1904, Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov kudzidza pakoreji uye akava refutenendi yechipiri muna 85th Infantry chemazana chehondo pamusoro Vyborg. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare panguva zvetsika mhemberero yacho Grand Duke Konstantin akaita kuti mapurisa makuru.

On War Japanese

Achangopedza akanga Alexander Kutepov kushumira sezvo hondo yeRussia-Japanese. Kamwe pamberi, akabva akakumbira kuti dzavo pachangu kuti nomurindi kunosora boka. Nokukurumidza jaya vasiri basa mukuru akazvisiyanisa panguva kurwiswa boka ravarwi vokuJapan. yokuzviparadzanisa ake vawana mikombe zvinokosha (pfuti uye muchina-pfuti). Formal mukuru Vyborg chemazana chehondo aiva muzukuru yeRussian chamber Kayzer Vilgelm. Akanga paakavapa sezvakarayirwa German Crown Kutepov. Akacherechedza Scout uye chizvarwa simba. Panguva wokuRussia-Japanese War Aleksandr Kutepov akagamuchira mashoko Order of St. Stanislaus 3rd dhigirii, St. Anne raMwari 4-fung dhigirii uye St. Vladimir 4-fung dhigirii.

Panoperera ropa kurwisana kuFar East, unyanzvi Scout aifanira kuita chokudzidzisa vatsva. Kudzokera Russia, akatanga akasvetukira munzvimbo echimurenga zviitiko (pamusoro pakanyorwa kukundikana hondo pamwe Japan munyika chimurenga payakatanga muna 1905). Future mukuru Kutepov akanga akatasva chitima, kana chitima rwakamira vasingagutsikani varovi uye akazivisa pakusikwa yavo nyika. Mauto akanga asina Ashamiswa, uye vakaungana kutsigira mauto vakavimbika akasunga echimurenga komiti, rioted Pachiteshi chezvitima.

makore unotambudzika

Sezvo pakutanga First World War Aleksandr Kutepov akatungamirira 4th boka Preobrazhensky chemazana chehondo. August 20, 1914 kurwa pana Vladislavovo ndapedza vanga kwaari. Nokukurumidza, mupurisa akapora uye akatora rutivi vakabudirira akavhiyiwa akawanda pamusoro vokuGermany. Pausiku pokuchinja, akava konoro.

Muna February 1917, Kutepov aiva refu-akamirirwa pazororo uye tikasvika Petrograd. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti akanga ari mukuru chete yechinzvimbo chake (konoro), akaedza kumisa yepanyama yemo yemuna, izvo yakaguma abdication wamambo. Zvisinei, boka, izvo akakwanisa kuunganidza Kutepov, yakanga iri duku pamusoro colour kubva disaffected vomunyika Petrograd vakawanda.

Zvakare nechemberi

Mushure February Revolution, mukuru vakadzokera basa basa. Muna April, akatungamirira Life Guards chemazana chehondo. Pakazosvika nguva inotungamirwa uyu rinenge chete ngwizhingwi mukomboni nechemberi. Dzasara yaora pasi zvinoitwa Anti-hondo uye echimurenga nokusagadzikana.

Zvichakadaro Preobrazhensky hondo akatora mugove breakout Tarnopolsky. Panguva mashandiro ichi, July 7, 1917 Kutepov akazvisiyanisa muhondo pedyo nomusha Mszana zvakare. Nokuti ake zvakapembererwa, akagamuchira kubva Order of St. George 3rd dhigirii. The Preobrazhensky hondo Aleksandra Kutepova zita razova kwakafanana nokutsunga, kuzvipira kuna basa uye udyire kushumira Motherland.

In rwezasi

With veMubatanidzwa ari Bolshevik hondo, iro akarwa Germany uye Austria-Hungary, pakupedzisira yakadhirika. Muna December 1917, Kutepov akabva mberi uye akaenda Kiev. Mu "mai maguta Russian", akatangawo Volunteer Army. The kushingaira chokutambudzika hondo akanga asati atanga. Vavengi akaponesa simba ravo uye vachigadzirira ropa.

Kuguma 1917 - kutanga 1918. ramangwana General Kutepov rakaitirwa Taganrog, kwaakabereka mukuru womunharaunda ravarwi. Ikoko aifanira kurwisana Dzvuku Guards. Muna January 1918, White akakwanisa kuputsa aifarira-Bolshevik mauto ari kurwisana muna Matveyev Kazan. Maererano wavarwi wake mukuru Anton Denikin, raiva kurwisana Civil War guru rokutanga.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakati pake Kutepov paiva iine pfungwa kukakavadzana. Denikin chakagadzwa zvakarurama sunungukei, apo Alexander Pavlovich nguva dzose aiva wepachokwadi monarchist maonero. Kunyange zvakadaro, pasinei kusabvumirana pamusoro zvakakodzera mamiriro simba, Kutepov agara akatsigira mukuru mukuru panyaya zvechiuto.

pamusoro Bolsheviks

Kubvira pakutanga chaipo, vose vakuru mubasa iri White Army zvakanga zvakaoma uye inonetesa. The apotheosis of zvoutsinye ezvinhu hondo yaiva "Ice" kurwisa Kuban (February - May 1918). Ichishanda ichi, Kutepov akatungamirirwa mumwe wavatariri omuromo chehondo wacho. Muna April, akatanga kuraira Kornilov hondo, ipapo - First Infantry Division.

Muna November, Alexander Pavlovich akava Major General. Pausiku mauto chena akatora Novorossiysk, uye Denikin akagadzwa gavhuna uto Black Sea Kutepov. sarudzo iyi Zvaishamisa zhinji, sezvo mukuru ndambobata chokuita kuti utongi sevhiriyeni pamberi.

Munzvimbo yake itsva mupurisa kuita imwe zvakaoma-anotungamirirwa nokutongwa. kurerutsa matanho ake navavengi hurumende chena akasvika pakuzivikanwa se "Kutepov." gavhuna Military mutariri kuchengeteka uye kugadzikana kugoverwa Novorossiysk, rakarongwa dzimwe vatsigiri. Pazvakava chikuru chengarava mujinga kwokunze nerubatsiro chena kufamba. Kutepov akaronga kumuzinda mutsva uye akamuita musoro Nikolaya De Roberti. Akava rworudyi Alexander Pavlovich uye executor wemitemo ake muchiuto.

Panguva musoro "mavara" regiments

Muna January 1919, kare chinozivikanwa Russian mukuru akatungamirira 1st Army Corps, izvo kushanda muna Donets Basin. Winter uye chitubu takasiya vaironga kuunganazve mauto uye kudzivirira kumabvazuva kweUkraine. Yaiva nguva chakakura Makakatanwa mauto ose Volunteer Army.

ukama Denikin pamwe zhinji navo akasiya zvakawanda anodikamwa (kunyanya kutya akasiyanisa ukama hwake Wrangel). Naizvozvo, mukuru mukuru nhumwa Kutepov (wenhevedzo haasi mukuru wehondo) mamwe masimba. Zvikurukuru, Denikin akamupa "mavara" regiments - chinoumba White Army Guard.

Choice nekuti Kutepov aiva nomukurumbira kwazvo Executive uye varwi, hazvisi kufarira zvematongerwo enyika. Uye zvakanga zvakadaro. Nepo vamwe vaiita ganda akauraya bheya uye akakurukura remangwana enyika vakasunungurwa kubva Russian Bolsheviks, mukuru mukuru akaita yakaoma mberi-mutsetse basa rake.

The wokupedzisira chokutambudzika yehondo

Weuto kamwe zvakare akaratidza unhu hwake panguva Kharkov oparesheni. For anokudzwa basa akanga akaita refutenendi mukuru. Nokukurumidza vakatanga kurwisa musi Moscow Volunteer Army. The kurwisa guta guru rekare Gen. Kutepov Ndarayira Corps, iro vakasvika Eagle. Ipapo ikavhunga oparesheni uye vakatevera shure kusvika kure Novorossiysk. Pasinei kukundwa mushure Russian mukuru akakwanisa kuramba kurwa anokwanisa omurume vanozvipira kupatsanurana - Markov, Kornilov, Alexeyev uye Drozdovskaya.

Muchirimo 1920 Kutepov waiva Crimea, apo Baron Wrangel akamugadza mukuru mumwe zvivako okupedzisira chena. Panotangira paumbwe mukuru akaenda kurwa yose Northern Tavria. Pasinei kuitwa Alexander uye nevamwe vatungamiriri akakurumbira nevarwi White kufamba, kuti Bolsheviks vakaramba tsamwisa yavo. Muna November 1920, Kutepov akanga akabviswa kuCrimea.

kuenda kumwe

White Guard General Kutepov, ane Biography ari Muenzaniso pakati expellees simba Soviet romuvengi, pakutanga kugara Gallipoli. Pane vakabatana vakapona vose Wrangel mauto. Muna December 1921, Kutepov nomuviri wake pakashandurwa muBulgaria. Zviremera Local vamusunga uye muBenin. Warlord akatamira Yugoslavia, kwaakabereka Assistant Chief of Russian Army.

Muna 1924, General Kutepov wake Lidiya Davydovna Kyut vakagara Paris. Mukuru akatanga kushanda Grand Duke Nicholas, iyo vazhinji chena kuenda kumwe kwainzi musoro vakatapwa Imba Romanov. Great-babamunini wokupedzisira Russian chamber yakatarwa sachigaro yakakurumbira mukuru EMRO - Russian Military Union.

Zvokuita ake mamiriro matsva Alexander Kutepov? General asimbiswa kuva chokuita epachivande masangano Anti-Soviet kuita pamusoro munharaunda USSR. Wakatarisira kuti rubatsiro rwavo, kana musingadi kubata kupidigura Bolsheviks, kunyange zvazvo simba ravo kusika yakawanda nematambudziko. Zvisinei Kutepov Chirongwa kubva pakutanga raiva akundikana.

rufu

"Anti-Soviet sangano" masero vakasikwa zvakananga kuti kuchengeteka vakuru kunovhima pasi uye kubvisa vanoshingaira vatungamiriri Russian kuenda kumwe mu Europe. The zvakakura kukundikana Kutepov aiva pamwe yake 'Trust', iro inoitwa kurapa OGPU.

January 26, 1930 Alexander Pavlovich kubiwa vamiririri njere weSoviet. Vasina hanya kuvhiyiwa kwakaitwa muParis. Kubvira pazuva iroro, uye anonzi zuva Kutepov afa, kunyange zvazvo mamiriro ezvinhu wematambudziko yake kuramba nyaya nharo kare. Panguva yaitonga Soviet Union, mashoko pamusoro White Guard vemauto vakange semhosva "chakavanzika."

Chete muna 1989 akaudzwa kuti Kutepov akafira Bolshevik steamer Zvigayo naye Novorossiysk. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mukuru akanga akafa chemwoyo (pamwewo chikonzero chacho chaiva kunyanya dose ane morphine akasuma vavatapa). Mune imwe shanduro White Guard achiri kuendeswa kuMoscow, uko iye yakaparara Lubyanka.

ndangariro

Nhasi, kune dzinenge imwe shongwe General Kutepov. It iri huru Russian kumakuva muParis Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois. Pedyo naye akanga ndokumisa cenotaph mukuru. The guva anoramba ipapo, izvozvo anoita rokufananidzira basa.

Warlord vakasasiya netsamba, asi akamuita vazhinji vakararama uye mamwe masoja ari hondo yevagari vemo uye kuenda kumwe. Netsamba kuna General yakabudiswa Russia muna 2000s. Bhuku chinoratidza chii chaizvoizvo chiri vomunyika hafu-Wakakangamwa Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov. Quotes zvakataurwa ake pamberi uye yakaoma kukurukura pamwe White Army vashandi kupa rakasiyana tuore zviitiko Russian nyonganyonga.