The kuuya nesimba Bolsheviks. Zvikonzero Bolsheviks vakauya simba

The kuuya nesimba Bolsheviks, musi iyo rakaenderana waichengetwa Great October Socialist Revolution (November 7, 1917 mumagadzirirwo ano), akazviratidza muchirimo iroro gore, nezvechiitiko hazviiti kuti vakawanda Russian Empire. Chokwadi kuti bazi iri Social-Democratic Labor Party, inotungamirwa VI anenge kusvikira yokupedzisira chaizvo mwedzi pokuchinja Lenin haasi nevakawanda chaizvo nemakirasi inokosha iri nzanga nguva.

Midzi enyika veboka Bolsheviks

The Pfungwa hwaro webato dzakatangira vepakutanga 90s remakore rechi19 zviri zvakatipoteredza yaichimbova populists vakaenda kuvanhu, uye vaona matambudziko miduku yokuruwa, izvo zvaizoita kugadziriswa yakakura redistribution nyika, kusanganisira landlords. matambudziko aya zvekurima rwakatora anopfuura rimwe gumi uye muchidimbu kwakakonzera kuti pave nesimba Bolsheviks. Nezvokumutswa kukundikana populist mirayiridzo uye activation rwekuita mukirasi, aichimbova vatungamiriri Populism (Plekhanov, Zasulich, Axelrod and unto.) Akatanga pamusoro zvakaitika Western kurwisa, mabhuku echimurenga nzira, familiarized nemabasa Marx uye Shona uye rakashandurwa akavaisa Russian uye akatanga kuva Resettlement dzidziso upenyu pahwaro reRussia Marxist dzidziso. Bato rakaumbwa muna 1898, uye muna 1903, panguva Congress of sangano rechipiri rwakakamukana Bolsheviks uye Mensheviks kuti pfungwa zvikonzero.

About kumukira kuNigeria kwemakore anopfuura gumi

The kuuya nesimba Bolsheviks vachigadzirira ichi boka enyika kwenguva yakareba. Panguva yaifamba 1905-07. sangano iri kuenda muLondon (Mensheviks - kuGeneva), apo kwakasarudzwa pamusoro zvombo yemuna. Kazhinji, Social Democrats akanga atova nenguva iyoyo aida kuparadza hurumende tsarist nekuronga yokumukira muuto (pamusoro Black Sea Fleet, muna Odessa) uye kuchera mari ichaita (anonzi kutora deposits kumabhanga uye regai mutero). Vanosunungurwa mu zvombo Russian uye zvinoputika (boka Krasin), vakapamba nemabhangi (Helsingfors Bank, 1906).

Vakakundikana kupinda pamutemo zviremera

Bolsheviks akauya pamusoro "migero yepamutemo" zviremera Russian akaumba chimurenga asati rakakundikana. Ivo boycotted sarudzo muna State Duma rokutanga, yechipiri vakapiwa zvigaro vasingasviki kupfuura Mensheviks (15 munzvimbo). Bolsheviks kunonoka zvishoma muna Advisory mutumbi nyika, sezvo nhengo dzavo webato vakasungwa mukuedza vamukire tichibatsirwa St. Petersburg ravarwi. Duma Nhengo All kubva Bolsheviks vakasungwa, uye Duma rwevanodzvinyirira ungano chikaparara.

Chii akavimbisa zvinogona Bolsheviks Russian vakauya simba? Muchidimbu pamusoro izvi zvinogona kuwanika Zvaitongwa London (cheshanu) webato Congress, umo zvirongwa vakagamuchirwa muna 1907, "kunonyanyisa" uye "mashoma". Minimum nokuti Russia akapa nyika Bourgeois chimurenga pamwe kupfupikisa ari kushanda zuva maawa 8, sapakuparadzwa yacho autocracy, pakatangwa democratic sarudzo uye rusununguko, pakatanga dzomunzvimbo kuzvitonga, rabvuma kodzero marudzi yokuzvitonga, ari abolition pakati fines uye kudzoka nyika vanhuwo zvavo maronda. Kufadza muna Russian Empire yaiva kutora nzvimbo yacho proletarian chimurenga uye yezwi gutsaruzhinji pakatangwa zvinorayirwa ari proletarian zvavo.

Mamiriro muRussia akaramba zvakasimba pashure 1907. Chikonzero kuti kuuya simba Bolsheviks mune ramangwana zvaiita, aiva kuti wamambo kuchinja iyoyo haana kupa zvinokosha zvabuda, mubvunzo agrarian haina kugadziriswa, World War First, pashure pokukundwa pana Tanennbergom akanga akatakurwa kunze kare munharaunda Russia uye kwakaita kuti hyperinflation, nokuvhiringidzirwa zvitengeswa maguta zvokudya, nenzara kumamisha.

The manyowa weuto pave chimurenga

Hondo vakauraya mamiriyoni 2. Varwi uye vanhuwo zvavo vanenge miriyoni imwe, nekuunganidza guru rakanga raitwa (mamiriyoni 15. People), iyo mukuru kurema murwiyo vanhuwo zvavo, vakawanda vacho, pamwe chete nevashandi echimurenga, akasvika hondo tsitsi Social kuipandukira mazano pamusoro pekubatira vanhuwo zvavo Varidzi kunyika. Yakatarwa yakanga zvikuru kuti vakawanda havasi kunyange vapika, tisingatauri nyika dzidzo. Asi vavengi vari tsarist hurumende vaishingaira vari kusimudzira pfungwa zvakazoita kuti kukundikana Cossacks nemasoja kudzvinyirira nevakawanda kuratidzira shure muna 1915 - 1916 makore.

Mugore Tsarist hurumende wakasiya vatsigiri shoma

Zvikonzero kuuya nesimba Bolsheviks kana mumwe simba enyika muna 1917 vakagumisa kuti tsarist hurumende iri ezvinhu, akanga simba mune zvoupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika. Panguva iyoyowo zvakananga Nicholas II akatamba vakanyarara nzvimbo (kana akanga kunyimwa mashoko yakakwana pamusoro chaiye hunowanika). Izvi zvakapa Somuenzaniso, mukana muna February 1917 kuvhara Putilov fekitari uye "uzvirasire" mumigwagwa St. Petersburg, vanhu vanenge zviuru 36, vamwe vacho vakanga vakadhakwa pfungwa echimurenga pakati Bolsheviks uye akatanga kuita Ranwa nevashandi dzimwe mafekitari. The mambo panguva vasingagoni kunyange kuvimba wavarindi vake, sezvo vakawanda yawo pre-hondo sezvamunoita akaurayiwa mberi uye kutsiviwa vanounganidzwa masoja makirasi siyana. Mambo akanga akawanda masimba enyika munyika, iyo, zvisinei, akanga panguva imweyo zvinopesana mumwe, sezvo mumwe nomumwe aifanira yayo hurumende kukura kuronga.

Vashomanana vaitarisira kuti kukunda of Bolsheviks

Muna April 1917 vazhinji vaifunga kuti Bolsheviks vakauya simba hazvibviri, sezvo unorema chavagari, varimi kuwedzera, vakatsigira Socialist-kuipandukira, maindasitiri aiva mubato ravo, intelligentsia - yavo, pane mapato akawanda anotsigira umambo. Lenin kwakaita April zvichemo havana kuwana mhinduro pakati Socialist-kuipandukira, Mensheviks uye Bolsheviks zhinji somutungamiriri aida kusiya kuzvidzivirira zvinzvimbo pamusoro hondo uye kuti rugare (pamwe chete nokuda Germany ichi "haana kuona", sezvo Lenin akasvika Petrograd nomunyika dzaro rakanamwa motokari). Naizvozvo, zvikonzero kuuya nesimba Bolsheviks vaiva, zvikurukuru, uye dzimwe mutemo. Mukuwedzera, chinyorwa zvinganaka pokufa dikidiki Government uye kuchinjwa simba neSoviet, pamwe nationalization wenyika, pane hwakatamisirwa murimi mudiki vomunharaunda haana kuwedzera kukurumbira Vatsigiri Lenin vake.

kundikana kuedza

Bolsheviks vakauya simba (1917) kwaiteverwa kuedza kutungamirira nyika pamberi November. Muna June iroro, pakutanga Congress of Workers 'uye Masoja' navabati (All-Russian), zvakava pachena kuti Bolsheviks iri kukosha avo vaiva munzvimbo wechitatu mugovanisi zvakatipoteredza. At reCongress, nhume vakaramba pfungwa Lenin kuti agumise hondo uye abolition yacho vane simba. Zvisinei, yeuka kuti panguva iyoyo pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu Bolsheviks vaitova masoja regiments, kusanganisira quartered mu Petrograd chokutanga pfuti hondo (11, masoja 3000) uye Kronstadt zvikepe Naval hwaro. The simba veboka Lenin muchiuto masango zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti yokuedza kutora Tauride Palace (kumuzinda dikidiki Government) kwakatangwa muna July 1917. Mazuva ano, mumuzinda rakasvika zvavanobata Putilov fekitari, masoja, vafambisi vengarava, asi sangano "kuve" zvakanga zvakaipa kuti pfungwa yacho Bolsheviks vakundikana. Izvi akwanise neimwe chikamu kuti dikidiki Government, gurukota rezvemitemo Pereverzev aiva nguva yokugadzirira namatidza kumusoro pepanhau guta, apo Lenin nevamwe vake vave anounzwa vasori German.

Shanduko hurumende uye yakananga kubatwa

Chii mamwe muitiro achabatsirwa kuwedzera kune simba Bolsheviks? Gore kutoita Great October Revolution akanga akapfuma zviitiko siyana. By matsutso zvinova pachena kuti hurumende zvokungoitawo havagoni kukurira mhirizhonga, saka paumbwe muviri mutsva - the Pre-paramende, umo Bolsheviks akanga chete 1 \ 10 zvigaro. Panguva iyoyowo Lenin neshamwari kunoita ruzhinji munyika neSoviet mumaguta makuru, kusanganisira kusvika 90% muna Petrograd uye vanenge 80% muMoscow. It Anotsigirwa makomiti of the Western uye Northern fronts masoja uye pakati vanhuwo zvavo zvichiri kwete nevakawanda zvikuru - pakati vokumaruwa vokuSoviet ari Bolshevik wevatariri hariko.

Chii chakanga pakarepo Bolsheviks vakauya simba? zviitiko muchidimbu yakatanga sezvinotevera:

1. Muna October, Lenin akasvika pakavanda Petrograd, apo akatanga kusimudzira mukumukira mutsva, regai vanoritsigira, Kamenev uye Trotsky. Wechipiri nazvo kumirira Zvaitongwa Second Congress of vokuSoviet (All-Russian), yakarongwa 20 uye Kutamiswa musi October 25 (maitiro akare).
2. October 18, 1917 (maererano nyaya. Style) ari mapoka avarwi pakati Petrograd regiments akanga aungana, apo kwakasarudzwa kuita kumukira nezvombo kurwisa hurumende kana parura ari Petrograd Soviet (uko Bolsheviks vaiva 90% of vhoti). Mazuva mashanu gare gare, Bolsheviks akatamira ravarwi nhare. On kurutivi dikidiki Government vaiva Cadets pakati zvikoro zvechiuto uye zvikoro zviratidzo, kunokanganisa dzemadzimai kambani, ivo Cossacks.
3. On 24 October ari Bolsheviks zvakashandisa simba neteregirafu, nhau sangano iro akadana kubva Kronshtadt warships. Havana kupa Cadets ramazambuko wokuparadza.
4. Pausiku 24 kuti akakwanisa kukomba nechepakati hofisi, State Bank, iri Warsaw yemapurisa October 25 Bolsheviks, kudzima nechepakati simba nerubatsiro zvivako zvehurumende, kuunza ngarawa "Aurora" iri Neva. By masikati, ari "vakawanda echimurenga" yakabata Mariinsky Palace. Storming ari Winter Palace rakaitwa pousiku, pashure ake pre-vachiridzira pamusoro pfuti yacho ngarawa "Aurora". Pana 2 maawa maminitsi 10 26 October dikidiki Government mapfumo.

Revolution kunobatanidza kuwedzera nhamba yevanhu

Migumisiro yacho kuuya nesimba Bolsheviks vakanga anovakuvadza kuRussia, somugumisiro kukunda kwaari akapinda simba iri Petrograd (potse yose, pamwe Kusara City Duma pakati Petrograd), hurumende itsva Bolsheviks, akatungamirirwa Lenin (the Council Vanhu vaMwari Commissars). Asi vakawanda vavo havana kudzora nyika, izvo zvakaita kuti hondo, tinopfuurira pokuwa upfumi, izvo zvakazoita, Inter Alia, kuti nzara uye vakawanda vakatambudzwa.