Emergency Committee: decoding pamusoro abbreviations, nhoroondo

Anenge makore 25 apfuura kubvira nguva apo vezvenhau akazivisa kutanga mauto atonge. Raiva mangwanani yaAugust 19 kutendeukira kuna Soviet Union muna 1991. Zvakaitika kuti nguva dzakanga kwakapararira. Ivo vanobatanidzwa zvose vagari uye enyika. Zvakangotanga vakatanga nezvakaitwa boka revanhu vaimudana pachake chidimbu of Emergency Committee, inopangidza iyo anozivikanwa ose vanoziva mugari wenyika USSR, Funky zvinobvira zvinotyisa pamusoro Civil War. Chii chaiva: kuedza kuchengetedza nyika kana, Ukuwo, yakawondomoka Muchiitiko?

prehistory

Muchirimo 1990 unotevera Congress of vanhu vevatariri of mugovanisi pamwe, kwakasarudzwa kuti ubvise nyaya reMitemo, iro anosarudza chinotungamirira basa Communist Party. Panguva iyoyowo mutungamiri USSR akasarudza MS Gorbachev.

Muna May wegore iroro akagadzwa chepamusorosoro mukuru mukuru RSFSR sezvo kuchange kwapera, purezidhendi ramangwana Russia, Boris Yeltsin. Zvakaitika kuti utungamiri Soviet aiva mukwikwidzi kumeso nezviremera Russian, uyo aiita munzvimbo iyoyo. Muzhizha Boris adopts ari Declaration Youchangamire, ichipa kukwirira remitemo Russian pamusoro omubatanidzwa pamutemo.

In kufanana zviitiko izvi waivako vezvourudzi akatanga muna Tbilisi, ipapo mu Vilnius, akapa mashoko pamusoro zvisiri pamutemo panopindwa Lithuania kupinda Soviet Union, uye gare gare Inter-dzinza kunetsana pakati seArmenia neAzerbaijan.

Zviitiko zvose izvi zvinoda chiito pamusoro chikamu hurumende. Zvadaro zvakanzi ndaizvipira vashandure Socialist Republics kupinda changamire inoti. Ichi chaiva chikonzero mune ramangwana kuti kusika Emergency Committee. Achiongorora zvaive abbreviations rabva munhoroondo pokuwa Union sezvo State Committee iri State of Emergency.

All-Union referendamu

Pakapera 1990 pamusangano unotevera vevatariri Mikhail Gorbachev zvinganaka pfungwa yacho All-Union National kuvhota panyaya pakuzadzisa Union of dzinozvitonga inoti pakupera mwoyo patsva Federation. Vanhu wevatariri pamusoro chisarudzo abate referendum chakagamuchirwa.

Muchirimo 1991 pfumbamwe dzeSoviet Union akapa usada kuti Reformation ari idzva Federation of dzinozvitonga inoti. Nenguva referendamu iri RSFSR vanhu dzakatsigira kutanga pambiru purezidhendi. Nokukurumidza iye akasarudzwa BN Yeltsin.

Zvichitevera akakurumbira sarudzo zviremera vakaziva kuti yaimbova Socialist Union hakuzovi kudiwa itsva chibvumirano kwomubatanidzwa. Just musi August 20, zvakanzi akaronga kuti asaine gwaro pamusoro Gorbachev decentralized mubatanidzwa. Uye avaida chiitiko ichi chinokosha akasika State Emergency Committee, ane decoding chiri kuziviswa nokuda zvizvarwa Soviet sezvo Emergency Committee.

Kugadzirira Emergency

Nemuromo, pakatanga mamiriro dzenjodzi munyika mune yepamutemo nzira yave nharo nezviremera muna 1990. Panguva zvinoshanda vanochiva akatamira pagore, mushure June chechikamu Supreme Soviet of USSR uye mushumo Prime Minister ane zvikuru dambudziko. Sachigaro KGB, ivo Interior Minister, Defense Minister, vakasimbirira mauto atonge kuitira kudzivisa upfumi pokuwa munyika. Zvisinei, purezidhendi USSR haana kutsigira vamwe vavo.

Munguva kubva 7 kusvika 15 August ari pakavanda Zvivako KGB kakawanda akabata VA Kryuchkov musangano ramangwana nhengo Emergency Committee. Achiongorora zvaive rutapudzo uyu asati kuziviswa paavhareji murume, asi nhengo pakurangana zvakakomba munyaya kwegadziriro kukasaitwa chimurenga. Iye akananga boka nomutevedzeri womutungamiriri USSR GI Janaev.

Mikhail Sergeyevich panguva ino pazororo muCrimea.

State dzenjodzi

Morning terevhizheni uye redhiyo nhau August 19, 1991 yakatanga kungodzokorora wevakurukuri yorugwaro, "Declaration of utungamiri yeSoviet." Akaridza ruzivo pamusoro kutadza kuita mabasa weNyika, MS Gorbachev, nokuda Kuipa utano hwake, uye kuchinja simba Gennadiyu Ivanovichu Yanaevu.

Yakanga kokutanga yakarira achiongorora zvaive zvakanyorwa pamapeji kubvuta masimba. Kumhanya nyika akazivisa pokugadzwa State Emergency Committee. Inoitwa vakuru rokumusoro echelons pakati neSoviet Union: ari Prime Minister, Defense Minister, sachigaro KGB, ari Interior Minister, wokutanga mubatsiri sachigaro Defense Council.

nhuri

Iro vakanzi huru zvinangwa nezviito Emergency Committee. Achiongorora zvaive komiti iyi yakanga iri pamiromo ose mugari Soviet, ainetseka pamusoro yavo nyika.

Chinangwa chikuru chemusha nhengo State Committee richangobva kugadzwa chaiva kudzivisa kusaina of Union Treaty uye kuparara USSR. Kunze kutanga mauto atonge kwenguva 6 Mwedzi kuitika zvinotevera zviyero wokurera ari Resolution of Emergency Committee:

• Abolition pakati paramilitary kuzvidzora uye simba ezvirevo perechaschih mitemo uye Constitution of USSR.
• Pokutanga-mubatanidzwa mutemo.
• Kugumiswa nezvebasa masangano paruzhinji, mapato ezvematongerwo enyika, mukuvhiringidza basa kuti normalize zvinhu.
• Nokuvumba kudzora nhau.
• Kunzvenga zvokukunda Misangano mikuru, mienzaniso uye nenjodzi.
• Nhanganyaya guru mauto uye warrior motokari.

kushorwa

By zvarayirwa DT Yazov mangwanani musi waAugust 19 muguta guru chakaita Kantemir Tank Division uye Taman Motorized kwepfuti Division. About zviuru zvina mauto akasvika kune maawa 12 muMoscow, apo achiitei guta yakaoma kwezvivako. Vanhu vakatanga kutya munhu zvichibvira pakutanga Civil War.

Uyezve putschists vakaendeswa blockade chaiyo masimba Alpha munyika imba Yeltsin. Asi mushure mokugamuchira ruzivo kuitika muguta guru, Boris anosarudza kuuya pakarepo kuna White House. Ichivharira mukuru boka anogamuchira kuti arege kudzivisa achinyora ari President of RSFSR.

Kusvika panguva House of vokuSoviet, Yeltsin anozivisa kuramba pamwe nenhengo Emergency Committee, ichiti zvavo Anti-yepamutemo maitiro. Pakarepo kubvuta masimba akatuma hondo kuna White House kuti kubatwa kwake. The oparesheni akanzi "Vokutinhira". Asi paiva Fiasco: yadzima kudzora paramilitaries, avo vakatsigira Yeltsin.

Zviito Gorbachev raMwari

Kufadza vanhu zvavaida mabasa, State Emergency Committee (Emergency Committee), akaudza vagari pamusoro chirwere incumbent mutungamiri Mikhail Gorbachev. Zuva pamberi yenhamo Zviitiko USSR musi waAugust 19 kubvuta masimba: Baklanov, Varennikov, Boldin, chenin uye Plekhanov - vakananga kuna Foros kuna Mikhail Sergeyevich kokupedzisira. Chaiva zvokuzvidira mapfumo Yanayev masimba. Kuti aite izvi, unoranganawo Gorbachev aida kusiya, pashure kusaina chirevo chete zvinodiwa kuti vapinde mauto atonge.

Sarudzo haana kugamuchirwa, uye somunhu mugumisiro - the voga zvachose President muna Foros pamusoro kubvuta masimba. Ko Gorbachev aiziva nezvourongwa hwokuuraya kuti sangano iri kubvuta masimba? Achiongorora zvaive nhoroondo zviitiko izvi ipfupi kuna US kubatanidzwa pokuwa USSR. Pausiku ari kubvuta masimba, muna July, nyika akashanyirwa vaimbova deginamajai Director George HW Bush. Tinoziva kuti akasangana naye Gorbachev uye Yeltsin. nhaurirano yavo haina kuzivikanwa, asi ungwaru pomumbure akagashira murayiro kuramba unoranganawo.

Uye mufambiro Mikhail Gorbachev haisi pachena zvachose. On August 3, akapa nhaurwa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma munyika uye zvakafanira kuti ataure mamiriro yokukurumidzira, uye zuva rakatevera akaenda zororo muCrimea.

Kusungwa of kubvuta masimba

On August 21 musangano uye kuva. pamusoro. President GI Yanaeva iro nhengo wedare vakasarudza kutuma nhume Foros kuna Mikhail Sergeyevich. Uyewo, Dare Soviet of USSR akazivisa kuti kudzingwa pakati Mikhail Gorbachev akanga pamutemo uye aida Yanaeva kukanzura mirairo uye mamiriro mitemo zvaipa. In madekwana iwoyo chirevo pamusoro pekusungwa nhengo Emergency Committee. Gare gare, muna 1994, ivo akaregererwa.

The August dambudziko yakaguma pokuwa USSR. Ose chinoda vava rave vanozivisa ayo rusununguko. Vanogara Soviet uye post-Soviet Union nemasaini mubvunzo: "? Chii kubvuta masimba" achiongorora zvaive mharidzo mari 1991 kunewo chokuita zviitiko yaAugust kubvuta masimba, asi gare gare numismatics.

Chinhu bedzi akaita vamukira - ndiye abolition ari kusaina of Union Treaty. Kuomerwa nokunzwisisa chii chakaitika ndechokuti kubvuta masimba akatanga oga, uye vakapedza mauto ake anorwisana.

Numismatics: ari kubvuta masimba, decoding pamusoro mari

The disintegration of Union rakadhindwa munzvimbo dzese nerimwe dzaichimbova. Russia - hapana anosara. Muna 1991 akatanga chemindi mari pamwe mufananidzo pamusoro obverse of Spasskaya Tower uye Supreme Council. Vari munhoroondo numismatics vakarangarira sezvo Emergency Committee of mari. Dudziro Banknotes izvi pakati neimwe iri nyore, vakanga yakagadzirwa kusvikira 1992, paaiva obverse hariwaniki chapungu.

Rare kopi mari 1991 iri "10 rubles", bimetallic, kouranda ari Moscow Mint.

Rare chiratidzazvizhinji yakagadzirwa Leningrad Mint, raimiririra aizviti kukosha "rubles 10" muna 1992.